RU2772993C1 - Low-voltage electric detonator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosive technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of safe means of detonation, namely to low-voltage bridge electric detonators using secondary, high explosives. The low-voltage electric detonator contains a sleeve with a metal insert in which an explosive charge is placed, made in the form of attachments: the output from the secondary high-density explosive and the associated intermediate hitch from the deflagrating low-density explosive, followed by the initiating hitch from the deflagrating explosive, the initiator mounted on a dielectric block separated by a spark gap made in the form of a fuse head with current leads. The sleeve is made of dielectric. The initiator, made in the form of a pyrotechnic compound placed in a cup, together with a dielectric block and a fuse head made of a constantan wire coated with an oxide film, are placed in the first metal cap. The initiating mounting has a constant density, is separated from the initiator by a gas gap, is made in the form of a photosensitive explosive composition and placed in a second metal cap directed by an open surface in the direction of the initiator cup closed by the end.

EFFECT: technological simplicity of manufacturing an electric detonator with increased current safety, resistance to repeated transmission of DC through a spark gap.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of safe means of blasting, namely, to low-voltage bridge electric detonators using secondary (high) explosives (HE), and can be used as a small-sized means of initiating industrial explosive charges used in mining, coal mining and other industries, as well as in the military industry.

A low-voltage electric detonator is known (patent RU 2706151 C1, 11/14/2019, IPC F42C 19/12(2006/01)), consisting of a case-sleeve, a metal sleeve rolled into a case with an explosive charge in the form of attachments: output from a secondary explosive ( Explosive) of high density, coupled with it intermediate from a low-density deflagrating explosive and initiating from a high-density deflagrating explosive with an initiator mounted on a dielectric block, separated by a spark gap with current leads. On the surface of the dielectric pad adjacent to the initiating sample, there is an initiator made in the form of an incandescent bridge made of a resistive material in the form of a layer deposited on the dielectric pad. The initiating sample is made with a pressing density decreasing in the direction of the intermediate sample. This electric detonator is selected as a prototype.

The low-voltage detonator chosen as a prototype has a number of disadvantages associated with the complexity of manufacturing a dielectric block, on one side of which a thin layer of initiator (incandescent bridge) from a material with high resistivity must be applied, and on the opposite side - a spark gap, which increases complexity and cost of manufacture. The initiating hitch, designed to reduce convective combustion and engage an intermediate hitch, is made with a variable pressing density, which complicates the production process and increases the cost of the manufacturing technology. Safe operation current in the prototype 1A.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the creation of a technologically easy-to-manufacture detonator with increased current safety.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the inventive low-voltage electric detonator containing a sleeve with a metal liner, in which an explosive charge is placed, made in the form of weights: output from a high-density secondary explosive and an intermediate weight associated with it from a low-density deflagrating explosive, following in which the initiating charge of a deflagrating explosive is located, the initiator is mounted on a dielectric block separated by a spark gap made in the form of an incandescent bridge with current leads, unlike the prototype, the sleeve is made of a dielectric, the initiator is made in the form of a pyrocomposition placed in a cup, together with a dielectric block and an incandescent bridge made of oxide-coated constantan wire are placed in the first metal cap, the initiating charge has a constant density and is separated from the initiator by a gas gap, is made in the form of a photosensitive explosive composition and is placed in the second cap. lytic cap directed by the open surface towards the initiator cup closed by the end.

When the incandescent bridge is made of oxide-coated constantan wire, the resistance of the electric detonator to repeated passage through the DC arrester is ensured, which increases safety when handling the electric detonator and increases the value of the safe current. The gas gap improves the safety of the detonator by guaranteeing protection against the discharge of static electricity of different polarity between the initiating sample and the initiator placed in separate metal caps.

Technological simplicity of manufacturing an electric detonator is achieved through the use of an initiating sample with a constant density, made of a photosensitive explosive composition, as well as ease of assembly, which can be carried out directly in the laboratory.

The claimed invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The low-voltage electric detonator contains a sleeve 1 with a metal insert 2, in which an explosive charge is placed, made in the form of weights: output 3 from a high-density secondary explosive and an intermediate weight 4 from a low-density deflagrating explosive associated with it, followed by an initiating weight 5 from a deflagrating explosive. VV. The initiator 12 is installed on a dielectric block 9 (≤500 V, P10B9-110), separated by a spark gap 10 in the form of an incandescent bridge (wire MNMts40-1.5 T 0.1 GOST 5307-09) with current leads 14. The sleeve 1 is made of a dielectric.

The initiator 12, made in the form of a pyrocomposition placed in a cup 13, together with a dielectric block 9 and an incandescent bridge made of a constantan wire coated with an oxide film (an oxide film on the wire can be obtained as a result of its preliminary heat treatment) are placed in the first metal cap 8. The pyrocomposition weighing about 35 mg includes lead rhodanide and bertolet salt in equal compositions.

The initiating sample 5 has a constant density, is separated from the initiator 12 by a gas gap, is made in the form of a photosensitive explosive composition (for example, from a photosensitive explosive composition given in patent RU 2522611 C1, 07/20/2014, Bull. No. 20. Gerasimov S.I., Len A.V., Kalmykov P.I.) and placed in the second metal cap 6 (brass cap ∅5 × 3 mm), directed by the open surface towards the initiator 12 closed by the end of the cup 13.

The operation of the low-voltage detonator is carried out as follows.

Submission of a disruptive pulse to the spark gap 10, made in the form of an incandescent bridge, leads to the generation of a shock wave and the formation of a zone of expansion of the explosion products of the pyrocomposition of the initiator 12 with a configuration close to a spherical shape. At the same time, the temperature of the explosion products, according to the data of double pyrometric measurements (the ratio of signals in the ranges of 0.4-1.1 µm to 0.8-1.1 µm and 0.3-0.5 µm to 0.8-1.1 µm), is approximately is the same for all modes of initiation (≈3100 K). This is sufficient for reliable initiation of the photosensitive explosive composition 5 specified in the patent RU 2522611 C1. The reaction products of the light-sensitive explosive composition 5 reliably initiate the charge of the intermediate charge 4 from the low-density heating element, which, in turn, initiates the layer of high-explosive explosive of the output charge 3.

The execution of the incandescent bridge from a constantan wire coated with an oxide film ensures the resistance of the electric detonator to repeated passage through the DC arrester with increased current safety. An increase in safety during the operation of the detonator is ensured by the presence of a gas gap between the initiating sample and the initiator placed in a metal cap. The inventive low-voltage electric detonator is resistant to repeated passage of a direct current less than 2A through the incandescent bridge for 60 minutes, while the guaranteed operation current is 7 ± 0.1 A.

The use of an initiating sample with a constant density, made of a photosensitive explosive composition, and an incandescent bridge made of oxide-coated constantan wire, provides ease of assembly of the inventive low-voltage electric detonator, reduces its cost, and makes it possible to reliably initiate detonation in explosive charges from the composition of plastic explosives - PVV-7 .

Claims (1)

A low-voltage electric detonator containing a sleeve with a metal insert, in which an explosive charge (HE) is placed, made in the form of hinges: the output of the blasting explosive and the intermediate hinge of the deflagrating explosive associated with it of lower density compared to the output hinge, followed by the initiating a sample of a deflagrating explosive, an initiator mounted on a dielectric block separated by a spark gap made in the form of an incandescent bridge with current leads, characterized in that the sleeve is made of a dielectric, an initiator made in the form of a pyrocomposition placed in a cup, together with a dielectric block and an incandescent bridge, made of oxide-coated constantan wire, placed in the first metal cap, the initiating sample has a constant density and is separated from the initiator by a gas gap, made of a deflagrating explosive in the form of a light-sensitive explosive composition and placed in the second metal cap. the cap, directed by the open surface towards the initiator cup closed by the end.

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