RU2771929C1 - Vibrating jaw crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for crushing solid materials. A vibrating jaw crusher is proposed, containing a body fixed on a support by shock absorbers, two crushing jaws connected to the body by torsion bars and forming a vertical crushing chamber with the body, and also equipped with unbalanced vibrators, levers and springs. The shafts of the unbalance vibrators are installed in the lower parts of the levers symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher.

EFFECT: invention provides for the creation of a crusher with increased reliability.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for crushing solid materials and can be used in the mining, metallurgical and construction industries.

Known vibratory jaw crusher (USSR author's certificate No. 202724, published 09/14/1967) which has self-synchronizing unbalanced vibrators located in the machine body, which oscillates vertically. Through elastic inclined springs, the housing transmits vibrations to the crushing jaws, which form a vertical crushing chamber with an unloading gap, the width of which during crusher operation varies from zero (when the jaws hit each other at the bottom point and impact on the material) to a certain value determined by the size of the material.

The disadvantage of the crusher is the low productivity and instability of the self-synchronization of the vibrators due to the unfavorable location of the vibrators on the machine body.

Known vibratory jaw crusher (USSR author's certificate No. 936993, published 06/23/1982) Crushing crusher jaws are installed in the housing and connected to it by means of elastic elements - torsion bars. Cheeks are equipped with self-synchronizing unbalance vibrators. The design of the crusher makes it possible to prevent the bending of the torsion bars and the rotation of the jaws in the horizontal plane, which has a positive effect on the operation of the crusher.

The disadvantage of the crusher is that, due to impacts of the jaws on crushed pieces, the bearings of the vibrator rotors installed directly in the crushing jaws are subjected to significant dynamic loads, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the crusher.

Known vibratory jaw crusher (US patent No. 4756483, published 07/12/1988), containing a housing suspended from it by means of elastic disks crushing cheeks, equipped with drive vibrators. The discs are simultaneously the limiters of the amplitude of the swings of the cheeks. The drive shafts of the vibrators are equipped with a gear pair kinematically connecting the vibrator shafts to synchronize the antiphase movement of the cheeks.

The disadvantage of the crusher is the frequent failure of the gear pair synchronizing the shafts of the vibrators. Thus, forced synchronization does not ensure the reliability of the crusher.

Known vibrating jaw crusher (RF patent No. 2228221, published 10.05.2004). The crusher comprises a housing supported on a support by means of springs and a plate, which is fixed in its central part to the plate by means of a bracket. The body is made in the form of a monolithic spring and torsion bars, two movable crushing cheeks and pendulum levers are fixed to it, in the lower part of which unbalance vibrators are mounted for rotation. The plate is the base of the spring housing and serves only to fix the spring to it, without acting as a spring. The levers are connected to the crushing cheeks by means of springs. The torsion bars in their middle part are attached to the body, and with their free ends to the cheeks and levers. The torsion bars of the crushing jaws are placed on the body symmetrically to the axis of the crusher.

The disadvantage of the crusher is the complexity of the design and the instability of the self-synchronization of the vibrators due to the impossibility of accurately determining the rigidity of the monolithic spring required for reliable and efficient operation of the crusher.

Known vibrating jaw crusher (book Revnivtseva V.I. and others. Vibrational disintegration of solid materials, M.: Nedra, 1992, S. 302-303, Fig. 7.1.), Adopted as a prototype, containing a body elastically supported on a support with mounted on it with the help of torsion bars with crushing cheeks, each of which is equipped with a drive vibrator. The vibrators do not have a kinematic connection with each other and each of them is connected directly to its electric motor. The vibrators are placed on separate levers suspended from the body, and the levers are connected to the jaws through elastic elements. Through the elastic elements connecting the levers with the cheeks, the oscillation wave makes the vibrators rotate synchronously and out of phase. The non-rigid nature of the attachment of the vibrator rotors leads to a decrease in the dynamic loads transmitted to the rotor bearings during crushing of the material.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low reliability of the design and the instability of the self-synchronization of the vibrators due to the inaccurate determination of the location of the vibrator shafts required for reliable and efficient operation of the crusher.

The technical result is the creation of a crusher with increased reliability and efficiency due to the provision of stable self-synchronization of the vibrators.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the unbalanced vibrators are installed in the lower parts of the levers symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, while the self-synchronization stability of the unbalanced vibrators is ensured when the following conditions are met:

where i is the moment of inertia of the cheek relative to the torsion axis, kg⋅m ² ; I and I ₁ - reduced moments of inertia of the crusher and cheeks, respectively, kg⋅m ² ; M is the total mass of the crusher, kg; (- cheek mass, kg; b - the shortest distance from the axes of the extreme torsion bars with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the shafts of unbalanced vibrators, m; ξ - the angle between the perpendiculars to the straight line connecting the axes of the extreme torsion bars, and the straight lines connecting the corresponding axes of the torsion bars with axes of shafts of unbalanced vibrators, deg; η - the shortest distance from the center of mass of the crusher in the position of static equilibrium of the machine to the straight line connecting the axes of the torsion bars, m; l - the shortest distance from the axes of the torsion bars closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the centers of mass of the cheeks, m; a - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the torsion bars closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, m; d - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the torsion bars extreme with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, m.

The vibrating jaw crusher is illustrated by the following figure:

fig. 1 - general scheme of the device, where:

1 - crushing cheek;

2 - body;

3 - near torsion bar;

4 - support;

5 - shock absorber;

6 - working surface;

7 - crushing chamber;

8 - lever;

9 - extreme torsion bar;

10 - spring;

11 - shaft;

12 - unbalanced vibrator;

13 - vertical axis of symmetry;

14 - material.

The vibrating jaw crusher consists of two crushing jaws 1 (Fig. 1), which are connected to the body 2 by near torsion bars 3. The body 2 is fixed on the support 4 by shock absorbers 5. The working surfaces 6 of the crushing jaws 1 form a vertical crushing chamber 7 with the body 2. The levers 8 are connected to the body 2 by extreme torsion bars 9, and with crushing jaws 1 by springs 10. Shafts 11 of unbalance vibrators 12 are connected to electric motors (not shown in the figure) by means of petal couplings (not shown in the figure), and the shafts 11 are installed in the lower parts of the levers 8 symmetrical about the vertical axis of symmetry 13 of the crusher. Precise determination of the installation location of the shafts 11 of the unbalanced vibrators 12, which provides a stable synchronous-antiphase mode of movement of the crushing cheeks 1, which is necessary for high crushing efficiency and reliability of the crusher, is provided when the following conditions are met:

where i is the moment of inertia of the cheek relative to the torsion axis, kg⋅m ² ;

I and I ₁ - reduced moments of inertia of the crusher and cheeks, respectively, kg⋅m ² ;

M is the total mass of the crusher, kg;

( - cheek weight, kg;

b - the shortest distance from the axes of the extreme torsion bars with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the shafts of unbalanced vibrators, m;

ξ is the angle between the perpendiculars to the straight line connecting the axes of the extreme torsion bars and the straight lines connecting the corresponding axes of the torsion bars with the axes of the shafts of the unbalance vibrators, deg;

η - the shortest distance from the center of mass of the crusher in the position of static equilibrium of the machine to the straight line connecting the axes of the torsion bars, m; l - the shortest distance from the axes closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher torsion bars to the centers of mass of the cheeks, m;

a - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher torsion bars, m;

d - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the extreme torsion bars with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, m.

Vibrating jaw crusher works as follows. The material 14 loaded from above enters the crushing chamber 7 formed by the body 2, fixed on the support 4 by shock absorbers 5, and the working surfaces 6 of crushing cheeks 1 connected to the body 2 by near torsion bars 3. Shafts (not shown in the figure) of electric motors (not shown in the figure ) perform rotational movements with a given frequency, which are transmitted through petal clutches (not shown in the figure) to the shafts 11 of unbalanced vibrators 12, installed symmetrically about the vertical axis of symmetry 13 of the crusher in the lower parts of the levers 8 connected to the body 2 by extreme torsion bars 9, and with crushing jaws 1 with springs 10. Shafts 11 of unbalance vibrators 12 rotate synchronously with the same frequency and in one phase, which determines strictly vertical reciprocating vibrations of the body 2 and reciprocating vibrations of the crushing jaws 1. When the crushing jaws 1 oscillate in antiphase, an impact occurs, causing the destruction of the material 14. Unloading the mother ala 14 in the crushed state is carried out from below during the reverse stroke of the crushing cheeks 1 .

When the feature of the claimed vibrating jaw crusher is fulfilled, the self-synchronization stability of the unbalanced vibrators is guaranteed, that is, the unbalanced vibrators rotate synchronously and in phase, providing synchronous antiphase vibrations of the crushing jaws, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of material crushing and the reliability of the crusher.

Claims (3)

Vibrating jaw crusher, comprising a body fixed on a support by shock absorbers, two crushing jaws connected to the body by torsion bars and forming a vertical crushing chamber with the body, and also equipped with unbalanced vibrators, levers and springs, characterized in that the shafts of unbalanced vibrators are installed in the lower parts of the levers symmetrically about the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, while the stability of self-synchronization of unbalanced vibrators is provided when the following conditions are satisfied:

where i is the moment of inertia of the cheek relative to the torsion axis, kg⋅m ² ; I and I ₁ - reduced moments of inertia of the crusher and cheeks, respectively, kg⋅m ² ; M is the total mass of the crusher, kg; μ - cheek weight, kg; b - the shortest distance from the axes of the extreme torsion bars with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the shafts of unbalanced vibrators, m; ξ is the angle between the perpendiculars to the straight line connecting the axes of the extreme torsion bars and the straight lines connecting the corresponding axes of the torsion bars with the axes of the shafts of the unbalance vibrators, deg; η - the shortest distance from the center of mass of the crusher in the position of static equilibrium of the machine to the straight line connecting the axes of the torsion bars, m; l - the shortest distance from the axes closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher torsion bars to the centers of mass of the cheeks, m; a - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes closest to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher torsion bars, m; d - the shortest distance from the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher to the axes of the extreme torsion bars with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the crusher, m.

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