RU2771770C2 - Document, method for making document, as well as device for implementing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: document making.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to document (1) and a method for its making. Document (1) includes base substrate (2) and a decorative layer, wherein single- or multilayer base substrate (2) has upper side and lower side (5), and the decorative layer is applied to upper side (4) of base substrate (2), and at least one layer of base substrate (2) is laser-perforated in one or many of first areas (10) in such a way that decorative layer (3) is visible in one or many of first areas (10), when viewing document (1) from lower side (5) of base substrate (2). In this case, at least one layer of base substrate (2) in one or many of the second areas is laser-perforated in such a way that the decorative layer in one or many of the second areas is visible, when viewing document (1) from lower side (5) of base substrate (2). One or many of the second areas have pattern (10), different from one or many of the first areas, and/or a different contour, and/or different encoding. Moreover, decorative layer (3), when viewed perpendicular to a plane extended along base substrate (2), completely covers one or many of first (10) and/or second areas. Document (1), in areas containing decorative layer (3), creates the first visual effect, which in the reflected light can be visible by a sensor unit. The method for making a document includes following stages: obtaining base substrate (2); applying decorative layer (3) to upper side (4) of base substrate (2); perforating at least one layer of base substrate (2) in one or many of first areas (10) with a laser so that the applied decorative layer is visible in one or many of first areas (10), when viewing document (1) from the lower side of base substrate (2).

EFFECT: obtaining device for making a document.

63 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a document, to a method for producing a document, and also to a device for executing the method.

Documents, especially security documents, are widely distributed in many areas of the public, public and private sectors. Documents such as banknotes, passports, identity cards, check cards, credit cards, visas or certificates, for example, often have a window area in which security features are placed that can be visible in reflected light and/or in transmitted light. In order to obtain such window areas, through-holes are first made in the base substrate, as a rule, by stamping, which are then covered with a film having corresponding protective elements. As an alternative to forming through holes by stamping, cutting methods such as, for example, water jet cutting, are also used. However, for all known methods for obtaining a window area, it is a common feature that the removed part of the base substrate, which forms the window area, remains as a residue or as waste. As a consequence, not only is waste generated, but it often has to be carefully collected and disposed of at great expense, since, in particular with respect to base substrates where the corresponding runs consist of security elements, they are required to be disposed of without reusable residues, for example by incineration.

Thus, the patent document DE 43 34 847 A1 discloses the creation of a through hole by means of punching or cutting in a document of value, the cutting method being, for example, laser cutting.

Patent document EP 2 533 982 B1 describes a security element for a document of value which includes a series of holes, the order of the holes forming a data element. In this case, the holes are created by laser perforation.

Now the invention is based on the task of creating an improved document, as well as an improved method for manufacturing a document.

This problem is solved by means of a document, in particular a banknote, an identity document, a visa or a security paper, comprising a base substrate and a decorative layer, wherein a single or multilayer base substrate has an upper side and a lower side, and the decorative layer is applied to the upper side of the base substrate. and wherein at least one layer of the base substrate in the one or many first areas is laser-perforated such that the decorative layer is visible in the one or many first areas when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate. In addition, this problem is solved by a method for manufacturing a document, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 25 of the claims, comprising a base substrate with an upper side and a lower side, the method comprising the following steps, which, in particular, are carried out in the following sequence: a) obtaining a base substrate; b) applying a decorative layer, in particular by hot stamping, cold stamping or lamination, on the upper side of the base substrate; c) perforating at least one layer of the base substrate in one or many first areas using a laser so that the applied decorative layer is visible in one or many first areas when viewing the document from the underside of the base substrate. In addition, this problem is solved by means of a device for executing the method according to one of paragraphs 25-42 of the claims, including: - a transport device for moving the base substrate; a first applicator for applying a decorative layer to a single or multilayer base substrate; - the first unit, including a laser for perforating at least one layer of the base substrate, in particular, in one or many first areas.

The method steps are preferably carried out in sequence a), b), c) or a), c), b). In particular, the process steps are carried out in any order, with one or more steps c), a), b) being particularly preferably not carried out, such as, for example, in the sequence a), c), c), and/or being particularly preferably carried out repeatedly. , for example, as in the sequence a), b), b), c), c).

The base substrate can be made single-layer or also multi-layer.

It turned out that by means of the document according to the invention, by means of the method for producing the document, and also by means of a device for executing the method, a new and improved type of perforations in base substrates has been created and thus developed. Due to the fact that the decorative layer in the perforated areas is visible from the reverse side of the base substrate, particularly memorable visual impressions and effects are created for the observer due to the high contrast between the base substrate, formed preferably matt and light, and the decorative layer visible through the perforations. In addition, the document makes it possible that the features present in the decorative layer, in particular the presence of large pre-structured elements, are particularly clearly visible in accordance with the configuration of the perforated regions. In addition, under the conditions of the method, it is possible to introduce perforations in the base substrate after the application of the decorative layer. This makes it possible to introduce closed outer contours without the perforated area falling out or falling out, as the decorative layer fixes it. In this way, on the one hand, waste is prevented and, on the other hand, it is thus possible to create perforations and thus new types of window regions. In addition, the applied decorative layer as a whole exhibits a stabilizing effect, in particular for the subsequent perforation of the base substrate after the application of the decorative layer.

The term "document" also includes such uses of the base substrate as a package, part of a package, labels, or also other applications in which it is useful and expedient to create perforations. That is, the base substrate may be a package, a part of a package, a carrier layer or other layer of a label, or a layer of a stamp, wrapper or the like. In particular, one of these labels, stamps, parcels can then be applied to an additional substrate, for example, as a revenue stamp, excise stamp, hallmark, coupon, marking.

The terms "upper side" and/or "lower side" here serve in particular to distinguish the surfaces of the base substrate, and in particular represent a frame of reference. However, it is also possible to use the terms "first side" and "second side" instead of these reference symbols.

In this case, the area is understood as a certain area of the layer or layering, which it occupies when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extended along the base substrate. Thus, for example, the base substrate has one or more first regions, each of which in each case occupies a certain area when viewed perpendicularly to a plane extending over the base substrate.

Under the perforation of the layer is meant the complete removal of the layer, in particular by laser cutting and/or laser ablation. If, for example, a layer is perforated in one area, then the corresponding layer in that area is completely removed. In this case, the perforation is preferably carried out by laser cutting and/or laser ablation so that the perforated layer is removed in the respective areas and/or removed and/or burned out and/or evaporated without residue. Thus, for example, at least one layer in which one or many areas, in particular, are completely removed by laser cutting and/or laser ablation, so that at least one layer in one or many first areas is removed without residue.

One or more of the first and/or second areas are preferably removed immediately afterwards or in an additional step and accordingly not completely perforated, so that an engraving or engraving pattern is formed in the base substrate, which can be combined with the rest of the design of the base substrate.

Thanks to this perforation and thus the complete removal of the respective layers, it is possible that no residues and/or waste remain, since the perforated and/or completely removed areas are rather removed and/or burnt out as a result of the waste-free laser treatment and/ or evaporate. As a result of this, on the one hand, no waste is generated and, on the other hand, expensive disposal with associated costs for documentation and security is avoided, whereby production costs can be reduced. In addition, in particular as a result of this perforation and, accordingly, the complete removal, no unnecessary residues or burrs of the base substrate remain, which could lead to such problems like pollution. This shortens the marriage.

In particular, during laser processing, in the case of basic paper substrates, local combustion processes occur at the site of laser energy impact. In this case, it is preferable to quickly and as completely as possible completely suck off the gaseous and/or dusty flue gases formed in this case with the help of at least one exhaust device, and/or blowing out with at least one blower device, in order to prevent these flue gases from contaminants such as soot, for example, were deposited on the base substrate and would have a detrimental effect in possible downstream process steps.

The flue gas extraction is preferably carried out in a chamber in which the laser treatment is also carried out. In particular, multiple chambers are connected to each other, with laser treatments being performed in one or more of the connected chambers. The chamber, or one or many or all of the connected chambers, is preferably closed, and preferably no air and/or gas exchange takes place between the chambers and, accordingly, between the connected chambers and the external environment. In particular, the camera has at least one viewing window. In the chamber, the suction is preferably carried out in a targeted manner so that very high extraction powers are not required. In addition, the suction inside the chamber reduces the risk that foreign objects of various sizes will be drawn in during the suction, which in particular interfere with the laser treatment and/or other process steps.

By "visible" is meant that the decorative layer is visible to the observer when viewing the document from the underside of the base substrate with the naked eye of a person, in particular by means of a sensor or sensor device during registration of the document.

Additional preferred embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

It is advantageous if the decorative layer in one or more first regions, at least on the side facing the base substrate and/or also on the side facing away from the base substrate, defines and/or predetermines visual effects that are distinguishable to the observer, in particular , optically variable effects that are visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate. The decorative layer thus defines, by its configuration, the visual effects in one or more viewable areas visible to an observer from the underside of the base substrate. On the side of the decorative layer facing the non-viewable areas of the base substrate, the visual effects are covered by the base substrate and are thus optically inactive or only barely visible.

The upper side and/or the lower side of the base substrate preferably in each case produces one or more visual and/or optically variable effects distinguishable to the observer, or the sensor, or the sensor unit, with one or more visual and/or optically variable effects appearing in different colors. , and moreover, in particular, at least one of the visual and/or optically variable effects is created in at least one open to view first area.

For example, an observer viewing a document may unexpectedly detect a two- or multi-color visual effect, with the top side of the base substrate producing a tinted visual effect in one first color, such as blue, and the underside of the base substrate exhibiting an additional visual effect in a second color, such as green, and wherein the additional visual effect would be indistinguishable to an observer without the first area or areas open to view.

The base substrate is expediently a paper substrate, in particular a single layer paper substrate. It is also possible that the base substrate includes cotton fibers, wood fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers and/or synthetic fibers. Such base substrates can be removed without residue by means of a laser, in particular by local burning or evaporation.

In addition, it is also possible that the base substrate includes one or more, in particular transparent, layers of synthetic material, which are placed on the upper side and/or lower side of the base substrate, and, in particular, at least one or many placed on the bottom on the side of the base substrate, the layers of synthetic material, in particular transparent ones, can be perforated in one or many first regions by means of a laser. This ensures that the decorative layer is visible in one or more first areas when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

In this case, it is preferable that the synthetic material layers cover a larger area than the decorative layer and overlap and/or protrude from the decorative layer. If the decorative layer is in the form of a ribbon, it is preferable that the layers of synthetic material protrude beyond the decorative layer in both longitudinal directions. If the decorative layer is in the form of an overlay, it is preferable that the layers of synthetic material protrude beyond the decorative layer on all sides. In this case, it is also preferable when the layers of synthetic material completely cover one or many first, or second, or third regions, and / or protrude beyond one or many first, or second, or third regions on all sides.

Thus, for example, it is also possible that the method further comprises the following step, which in particular is carried out before step b) and/or c): - applying one or more, in particular transparent, layers of synthetic material, which, in particular, applied to the top side and/or bottom side of the base substrate. In this way, one or many first regions, in which at least one layer of the base substrate is perforated, can be covered so that, for example, no contaminants can penetrate into the area open to view.

The base substrate is advantageously a multilayer hybrid substrate which has one or more paper layers and one or more synthetic material layers, in particular one or more paper layers being perforated in one or more first regions by a laser. This makes it possible that the decorative layer in one or more of the first areas is visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

It is also possible that the base substrate is a multilayer polymer substrate which has transparent layers of synthetic material and one or more opaque layers, in particular one or more opaque layers perforated in one or more first areas by a laser. This also makes it possible that the decorative layer in one or more of the first areas is visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

The base substrate preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm. Layers with similar thicknesses can be easily perforated with a laser so that, on the one hand, residue-free removal is ensured, and, on the other hand, thin perforations are obtained.

It is advantageous if the base substrate contains additives, in particular security fibers and/or security pigments and/or colorants.

It is also possible that at least one layer of the base substrate in one or more second areas is laser-perforated in such a way that the decorative layer is visible in one or more second areas when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate, in particular one or more second areas. the regions have a pattern that is different from one or many of the first regions, and/or a different contour, and/or a different coding.

It is also possible that the method further comprises the following step, which in particular is carried out before step b): d) perforating at least one layer of the base substrate in one or more second areas with a laser in such a way that the decorative layer is visible in one or more second regions when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

In this way, in particular, various themes and/or patterns can be created which are visible from the underside of the base substrate, so that the memorability and thus the security against forgery of the document is thereby further increased.

It is also advantageous if the decorative layer in one or more second areas, at least on the side facing the base substrate, and/or also on the free side facing away from the base substrate, determines and/or predetermines visual effects distinguishable to the observer, in particular, optically variable effects that are visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate. Thus, the decorative layer, by its configuration, defines the visual effects in the viewable one or more second areas visible to the observer from the underside of the base substrate. On the side of the decorative layer facing the non-viewable areas of the base substrate, the visual effects are preferably covered by the base substrate and are thus optically inactive or only barely visible.

In addition, it is possible that one or many first areas are connected to one or many second areas, and/or overlap at least in certain areas.

The base substrate is advantageously fully perforated in one or more first and/or second regions. Thus, it is also possible that in layer c) and/or d) the base substrate is completely perforated in one or more first and/or second regions.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, each of the one or more first and/or second regions is located within a predetermined surface region, wherein, when viewed perpendicularly to a plane extending along the base substrate, each of the one or more first and/or second regions includes, in particular, a maximum 25%, preferably at most 10%, of the area of a given predetermined surface area or area of a given document. The predefined surface area includes, in particular, part of the surface or the entire surface of the document.

For example, one of the side dimensions of the predetermined surface area corresponds to the height of the document, in particular the height of the banknote, and the other side dimension is chosen arbitrarily.

By predefined here is meant a predetermined value or range of values, and, accordingly, a predetermined shape or geometry, which in particular includes 100% of the area. Thus, for example, a predefined surface area is defined by a rectangle with a defined footprint. This surface area preferably corresponds to 100%, so that from this predetermined surface area, in particular a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10% is removed by perforations in one or more first and/or second areas.

In this way, particularly memorable visual effects can be created, since, due to the smaller footprint of one or more first and/or second regions, a high contrast is achieved between the base substrate and the decorative layer visible through one or more first and/or second regions.

In addition, it is advantageous if the width, in particular the line width, and/or the transverse dimension of one or more first regions and/or second regions, when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extending over the base substrate, is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm.

Thus, for example, it is also possible that in steps c) and/or d) the laser beam is expanded by means of a lens system and/or by means of a laser marking head having more than one, preferably more than two, rotational axes in such a way that the beam diameter at the focal point is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm.

In this way, large pre-structured elements, such as colored surfaces or surfaces with optically variable effects, can be exposed on the underside of the decorative layer by fine perforations. By means of such an exposure, particularly memorable and high contrast effects can be achieved which are visible from the underside of the base substrate.

In addition, it is expedient if the width, in particular the line width, and/or the diameter of one or more first regions and/or second regions, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending over the base substrate, is chosen such that the decorative layer in one or more first regions and/or or second regions, when viewed from the underside of the base substrate, is visible to the human eye, and/or that the width, in particular the line width, and/or the diameter of one or more first regions and/or second regions, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending along the base substrate, is at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm. To this end, it is expedient that in step c) and/or d) a laser is used with a beam diameter at the focal point of at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm.

It turned out that by means of lines with a similar width, in particular the width of the lines, and/or cross-sections, the visibility of the decorative layer in one or more first regions and/or second regions from the underside of the base substrate can be ensured, and on the other hand, particularly fine perforations can be created.

The document preferably creates in one or more first and/or second and/or third areas, in particular in areas including the decorative layer, a first visual effect, in particular a first optically variable effect, which in reflected light can be perceived by the touch block and/or visible to the human eye, and/or the document in one or more of the first and/or second and/or third areas, in particular in the areas including the decorative layer, has at least a first light transmission coefficient, which in the transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit and/or visible to the human eye, and has in areas outside the first and/or second and/or third areas, in particular in areas including a carrier film and at least one decorative layer, preferably in areas, including non-perforated carrier film and at least one decorative layer, more preferably inside the first and/or second and/or third area, has at least a second a light transmission coefficient or at least an additional light transmission coefficient, wherein at least the second light transmission coefficient and, accordingly, at least the additional light transmission coefficient in transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit and/or visible to the human eye, wherein at least the first light transmission coefficient, at least the second light transmission coefficient and/or at least the additional light transmission coefficient are at least partially different from each other, or at least the first light transmission coefficient, at least the second light transmission coefficient and/or at least the additional light transmission coefficient, are identical at least partially or completely.

One or more third areas preferably have at least a third light transmission factor that is different from or is the same as at least one of the first light transmission factor and/or at least the second light transmission factor and/or at least the additional light transmission factor at least partially or completely.

In particular, the decorative layer and/or the base substrate and/or the document, including at least the decorative layer and the base substrate, have locally different light transmission coefficients.

The sensor unit is preferably selected or combined from: a camera, in particular a camera comprising an integrated circuit on a charge-coupled device (CCD-Chip) (CCD=“Charge-Coupled Device”), IR camera (IR=infrared), UV camera (UV = ultraviolet), or a resistance detector near the transition to the superconducting state (Transition-Edge-Sensor (TES)).

By "light transmittance" is preferably meant a measure which describes the proportion of transmitted light through an area of the document, in particular the first, second and/or third area, of transmitted electromagnetic waves or transmitted light, in particular transmitted infrared radiation and/or transmitted UV -radiation.

In this case, the first and second light transmission coefficients preferably differ by at least 0.1%, in particular at least 1%, preferably at least 10%, particularly preferably at least 25%, particularly preferably at least measure by 50%, and thanks to this, in particular, create a contrast.

Thin perforations are a very useful anti-counterfeiting protection, in particular due to the possibility of checking in reflected light and in transmitted light. In reflected light, local visible visual effects of the decorative layer are favorably checked. In transmitted light, thin perforations, due to the base substrate being locally absent there, have a higher light transmission coefficient than in neighboring regions in each case. This contrast can then be visually revealed between the thin perforations in which only the decorative layer is present and adjacent areas in which the base substrate and the decorative layer are present. The counterfeiter could counterfeit visual effects in thin perforations by means of small printed metal-like pigments or metallic pigments, or also by thinly applied hot-embossed films or cold-embossed films, but only in reflected light. However, the fake would be distinguishable in transmitted light, since inside the first and/or second and/or third areas and, accordingly, in thin perforations, then the light transmission coefficient would be lower, and in the case of a genuine document inside the first and/or second , and/or third areas and, accordingly, in thin perforations there should be a higher light transmission coefficient. This means that thin perforations in the case of a forgery look relatively dark, while in a genuine document they should be relatively light.

Furthermore, in steps c) and/or d), it is also possible to vary the diameter of the beam at the focal point during perforation of at least one layer of the base substrate. In this case, the focus of the laser is preferably changed, in particular by means of a lens system and/or by means of a laser marking head having more than one, preferably more than two axes of rotation. This makes it possible to vary the widths, in particular the widths of the lines, and/or the width of one or more first and/or second regions.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least one of the third regions of the base substrate is cut out by stamping and/or with a laser, in particular in such a way that the decorative layer in at least one third of the region is visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate. , in particular, wherein at least one third region has an area of at least 4 times, preferably at least 8 times, more preferably at least 10 times greater than one and/or multiple first and/or second regions .

Thus, it is possible that the method further comprises the following step, which in particular is carried out before step b): the layer is visible in at least one third of the area when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

This makes it possible that the decorative layer, in addition to one or more first and/or second areas, is also visible from the underside of the base substrate in at least one third area. Due to the fact that at least one third area occupies a larger area than, in particular, small one or many first and/or second areas, for example, images with a larger area in at least one third area can be combined with fine lines in one or many first and/or second regions. In contrast to one or more first and/or second regions, the base substrate is not perforated in at least one third region, but rather embossed, for example, but the embossed waste must be removed by suction and disposed of. As a result, for example, the creation of a window by stamping and/or with a laser can be combined with the present invention.

It is also possible that one or more first and/or second regions are connected to at least one third region, and/or overlap at least in separate areas.

It is advantageous when one or more of the first and/or second areas is in the form of a pattern, in particular in the form of a graphic image, an alphanumeric image, in the form of lines, in the form of dots, and/or in the form of a computer-readable code. For example, an image may be a graphical outline, a figurative image, a picture, a plot, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, alphanumeric characters, text, and/or the like, or a combination of one or more of the above images.

It is advantageous if one or more third areas are in the form of a pattern, in particular in the form of a graphic image, and/or in the form of a machine-readable code. For example, the image may be a graphical outline, a figured image outline, a picture outline, a character outline, a logo outline, and/or the like.

One or more of the first and/or second and/or third areas are preferably individualized and/or personalized so that, for example, depending on the document and/or sheet of the document, or batch of documents, or similar groups of documents, in each case, one or many first and/or second and/or third regions may be matched.

Each document is preferably provided with at least one individualized first, second and/or third area, and in particular the banknotes in each case have a first, second and/or third area which has one or more random images. For example, these images may be computer calculated and/or calculated using at least one pseudo-random function, pseudo-random distribution, random function and/or random distribution, and/or generated from a database and/or from the cloud. For example, passport documents may be personalized such that at least one patterned first, second, and/or third region creates a portrait of the passport document holder or passport document holder. In particular, the pattern may be formed from one or more first, second and/or third regions.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, one or more first areas are arranged according to a linear raster. The screen line in the line screen suitably corresponds substantially to the thickness of the base substrate layer and/or the screen line in the line screen is between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, more preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm. Due to this, it can be achieved that the decorative layer is visible to the observer depending on the lateral viewing angle. Thus, for example, it is possible that the decorative layer is not visible when the document is viewed from a side view angle of more than 35°, preferably more than 25°. In addition, by means of the viewing angle-dependent visibility, it is possible to create a color-shifting effect in the decorative layer.

The preferred embodiments of the decorative layer are described below:

It is possible that the decorative layer is formed as a single or multi-layer.

It is also advantageous if the decorative layer is applied to a separate section of the top side of the base substrate, the decorative layer being preferably applied to the top side of a separate section of the base substrate in the form of a tape, the tape particularly preferably extending from one of the edges of the document to the corresponding opposite edge of the document across the entire document. . In particular, the decorative layer is additionally or alternatively applied to the upper side of the base substrate in the form of an overlay, with at least one overlay covering an arbitrarily limited area of the base substrate. Preferably, multiple decorative layers located in separate areas are provided on the base substrate, with all decorative layers being particularly preferably arranged on the same side of the base substrate and/or in each case on different sides of the base substrate.

In addition, it is advantageous if the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending over the base substrate, completely covers one or more first and/or second and/or third regions. As a result, it can be ensured that in all perforated areas the decorative layer and thus the visual effects produced by the decorative layer are visible from the underside of the base substrate. It is also possible that the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending over the base substrate, completely covers the predetermined surface regions. It is also expedient if in step b) the decorative layer is applied in such a way that the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extended over the base substrate, completely covers one or more first and/or second regions and/or third regions and/or predetermined surface area.

In addition, it is possible that the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicularly to a plane extended over the base substrate, overlaps one or many first and/or second and/or third regions only in separate areas, and parts of one or many first and/or second, and /or third areas are open to view and, in particular, form through holes in the base substrate, which in transmitted light create an additional visual effect, preferably having a high light transmission coefficient.

The decorative layer preferably has one or more colored layers, one or more optically variable pigment layers, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more optically variable effect layers, one or more layers of colored pigments and/or soluble dyes, and/ or one or more layers with microstructures. The layers advantageously produce at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in one or many, or in the entire wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, and/or in one or more additional wavelength ranges. wavelengths, in particular in one or many or all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and/or one or many or all of the infrared wavelengths, when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

As a result, particularly expressive visual effects can be created, in particular optically variable effects, which, in particular, in combination with a high contrast between the matt base substrate and one or more first and/or second areas visible when viewed from the underside of the base substrate, serve to improve visibility and thus provide protection against counterfeiting.

In addition, it is possible that the decorative layer has at least one first layer and a second layer, and the first layer is placed between the upper side of the base substrate and the second layer.

The first and second layers are preferably selected from the group of one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more optically variable effect layers, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble pigments. dyes, and/or one or more layers with microstructures, in particular, the layers producing at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing a document from the underside of the base substrate.

Here it is advantageous when the microstructures are selected from the group ^Kinegram® , holograms, concentrating diffraction gratings (echelette), in particular asymmetrical sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sine-shaped diffraction gratings or crossed sine-shaped diffraction gratings, or linear one- or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, micromirrors, microlenses, matt structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matt structures, or combinations of these structures.

Preferably, the following combinations of the first and second layers of the decorative layer are suitable:

the first layer is the first optically variable effect producing layer and the second layer is the second optically variable effect producing layer,

- the first layer has a first microstructure, in particular according to the Kinegram ^® technology, and the second layer has a second microstructure, in particular a zero-order diffractive structure,

- the first layer has a first microstructure, in particular according to the Kinegram ^® technology, and the second layer has a thin-film layered system,

the first layer is the first colored layer and the second layer is the second colored layer, the first and second colored layers having different colors, in particular from the RGB color space (RGB=red, green, blue).

It is also possible that at least one layer of the decorative layer is perforated in one or more first and/or second and/or third areas by means of a laser. In addition, it is possible that at least one layer of the base substrate in one or many first areas is perforated by a laser in such a way that the first layer is visible in one or many first areas when viewing the document from the underside of the base substrate, and that at least one the base substrate layer and the first decorative layer layer are laser-perforated in one or more second regions such that the second layer is visible in one or more second regions when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate.

Thus, for example, it is also possible that in step c) additionally at least one layer of the decorative layer is perforated by a laser, in particular that the decorative layer has a first layer and a second layer, and the first layer is placed between the upper side of the base substrate and the second layer, wherein in step c) the first layer of the decorative layer is laser-perforated in one or more first and/or second and/or third areas in the direction from the underside. In this way, depending on the perforation of the layers of the base substrate and the decorative layer in the direction from the underside of the base substrate, depending on the embodiment of the decorative layer, it is possible to make different visual impressions visible to the observer and, accordingly, open to view in one or many first, and /or second and/or third areas. Thus, for example, a first color print can be created in the first area of the first layer that is open to view, and a second color print in the second area, so that, in general, a multi-color pattern is visible to the observer, which is visible from the underside of the base substrate. For example, such a multicolored design could be a coat of arms or a painted flower with green leaves.

The first layer is preferably placed on the side of the decorative layer facing away from the base substrate, and in particular produces optically variable effects on this side. The second layer is preferably placed on the side of the decorative layer facing the base substrate, and preferably in each case creates visual effects there due to a corresponding open view in the first and/or second and/or third areas.

It is also possible that the first and second layers are placed on the side of the decorative layer facing the base substrate, and that the third layer is placed on the side of the decorative layer facing away from the base substrate, and creates optically variable effects on this side.

In addition, it is possible that the decorative layer, at least in some areas, includes a reflective layer, in particular a metal layer, and/or a layer with a high refractive index or a layer with a low refractive index (HRI- or LRI-layer, according to English, high refractive index - HRI, low refractive index - LRI). The metal layer is preferably a metal layer of chromium, aluminium, gold, copper, silver, or an alloy of such metals, in particular vapor-deposited in vacuum to form a layer with a thickness of 0.01 µm to 0.15 µm. In addition, it is also possible that the reflective layer is formed by a transparent reflective layer, for example a thin or finely structured metal layer, or an HRI or LRI layer. Such a dielectric reflective layer is composed, for example, of a vapor-sprayed layer of metal oxide, metal sulfide, titanium oxide, etc., with a thickness of 10 nm to 150 nm. It is also possible to use a combination of at least one metal layer and at least one dielectric reflective layer.

The decorative layer expediently comprises a carrier film, at least one primer layer, in particular at least one lacquer layer, preferably at least one decorative layer, and/or at least one adhesive layer. The carrier film in particular consists of PET (=polyethylene terephthalate ) , PEN (=polyethylene naphthalate), PE (=polyethylene), PI (=polyimide), PP (=polypropylene), PC (polycarbonate) or PTFE (=polytetrafluoroethylene). With regard to the adhesive layer, it is preferably a hot- or cold-curing adhesive layer, which includes, in particular, acrylate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane or polyester. As regards the primer layer, this is a layer which preferably comprises acrylate, PVC, polyurethane or polyester.

It is further advantageous if the decorative layer comprises an optical separation layer, in particular an optically opaque layer, which preferably separates the visual impressions and/or effects that are visible when viewing the document from the top side of the base substrate from those that are visible when viewing the document from the bottom side of the base substrate. one or more first and/or second areas of visual impressions and/or effects. The optical separation layer, for example, may be an opaque metallic layer and/or an opaque colored layer.

In addition, it is possible that the decorative layer, at least in some areas, is transparent. As a result, in particular one or many first and/or second areas can be opened for viewing when the document is viewed from the underside of the base substrate in transmitted light.

It is also advantageous when the decorative layer is a transfer layer of a hot stamping film or a cold stamping film, or when the decorative layer is a lamination film.

It is also preferred that the tolerance values between the position of the decorative layer and the position of the perforations in one or more first and/or second regions and/or at least in the third region are between ±0.1 mm and ±2.0 mm, preferably between ±0.3 mm and ±1.5 mm. To this end, in step b), the application of the decorative layer to the single or multilayer base substrate is preferably carried out depending on registration marks, for example print marks and/or watermarks and/or control holes. In addition, it is also expedient if, in step c), the perforation of at least one layer of the base substrate is carried out depending on such registration marks (registration marks).

As an alternative to the register-accurate application of the decorative layer described above, it is also possible to apply the decorative layer in an arbitrary position relative to the perforations, i.e. application "without register".

Register or alignment, respectively, register accuracy or alignment accuracy should be understood as the stacking accuracy of two or more elements and/or layers relative to each other. In this case, the registration accuracy must be maintained within a predetermined tolerance, and at the same time as small as possible. At the same time, the registration accuracy of many elements and/or layers relative to each other is an important feature in order to increase process reliability. Position-accurate positioning can in this case be achieved, in particular, by means of sensor-determined, preferably optically detectable alignment marks or registration marks. These registration marks or registration marks can then either be special individual elements or regions or layers or be part of the positioned elements or regions or layers themselves.

Thus, for example, it is also possible that step b) and/or step c) further comprises the following steps: registering data on the position of at least one security element of the base substrate, in particular the watermark and/or printing element; - optionally, correcting the recorded position data with an algorithm to the corrected position data; - the introduction of control holes in the base substrate on the basis of the registered position data, in particular on the basis of corrected position data, in particular with the help of a laser. It is further preferred that step b) further comprises the following step: stretching the decorative layer before applying the decorative layer to the base substrate, the stretching of the decorative layer being between 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%.

In particular, the decorative layer, when viewed from a certain partial region of the decorative layer before stretching, has about 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5% less length of this partial region of the decorative layer than the corresponding conjugated partial region of the base substrate, thus after stretching an almost identical length of the partial area of the decorative layer and the base substrate is achieved. In particular, this length can also be determined by the distances between the patterns on the decorative layer and on the base substrate, whereby then, before stretching by about 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%, a smaller distance between the patterns on the decorative layer is obtained than on base substrate. After stretching, both distances between the patterns preferably match or nearly match.

This achieves that, in particular, visual effects created in one or more of the first and/or second and/or third areas of the decorative layer are visible with high precision, since the decorative layer is applied with the smallest possible tolerances, and/or perforation of at least one layer of the base substrate is performed with high precision.

The following describes preferred embodiments of the document manufacturing method:

Advantageously, in step c), at least one layer of the base substrate is perforated in a direction away from the underside of the base substrate.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, in step c) and/or d) a gas laser is used, in particular a CO ₂ laser, and/or a solid-state laser, in particular a Nd:YAG laser (based on Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) .

In this case, the laser is preferably controlled by means of electrical signals which are generated by an electronic control device. This electronic control device, in particular, also determines the shape of the pattern of the perforations to be created.

By means of this electronic control it is possible to generate individualized or personalized signals for the laser. The relevant information for this may be obtained from a database and/or from the cloud. The database and/or the cloud may allow later verification of the individualized or personalized information on the document.

Each document is preferably provided with at least one individualized or personalized first, second and/or third area, which can be introduced into the document or series of documents by means of individualized or personalized laser signals. For example, such patterns may be computer calculated, and/or calculated using at least one pseudo-random function, pseudo-random distribution, random function, and/or random distribution. For example, passport documents can be personalized and, accordingly, individualized by means of personalized or individualized laser signals in such a way that at least one first, second and/or third patterned area includes a portrait or name, or other information about a given owner. passport document or the given holder of the passport document. In particular, the pattern may be formed from one or more first, second and/or third regions, with one or more personalized or individualized laser signals assigned to each of the regions in each case.

In this case, it is advantageous when, in steps c) and/or d), the laser power is at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W. It is further preferred that the laser wavelength is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm.

It is also possible that in steps c) and/or d) the laser beam is directed along one or more first and/or second regions of the base substrate by means of a deflectable mirror, in particular by means of a laser scanning module. In addition, it is expedient if, in step e), the laser beam is directed along the outer contour of at least one third region of the base substrate by means of a deflectable mirror, in particular by means of a laser scanning module.

It is also advantageous when at least two lasers are used in step c). The at least two lasers are preferably so aligned with each other that the manufacturing process is shortened. In addition, it is possible that the first laser perforates at least one layer of the base substrate in one or many first regions, and the second laser perforates at least one layer of the base substrate in one or many second regions. By means of this "sequential switching" the recording speed can be additionally adjusted while creating, for example, two different or also identical patterns.

It is also possible that the two lasers are arranged parallel to each other so that each laser processes one track of the base substrate in one or many first and/or second areas in each case, and thus multiple perforations can be made in the base substrate in parallel.

It is also possible for the base substrate to be processed in parallel in at least one machined track or area usage unit, where the track to be treated or area usage unit is preferably in each case an arbitrarily oriented and/or arbitrarily sized partial area of the base substrate. in the direction of movement of the substrate. The alignment of the track to be treated or the unit of area used is preferably oriented parallel to the direction of movement of the base substrate. One or many or all of the lanes to be treated preferably have at least two, particularly preferably a plurality, area usage units.

One or more of the first, second and/or third regions are preferably perforated in one or more processing tracks and/or in one or more base substrate area units in each case in parallel and/or simultaneously with one or more lasers and/or in each case with one or more lasers.

For example, the base substrate may have five processing tracks, the largest lateral extent of which in each case is oriented along the direction of movement of the base substrate, and the widths of the processed tracks transversely, respectively, perpendicular to the direction of movement of the substrate, are preferably the same. For example, each of the tracks being processed may have multiple area usage units along the direction of movement of the base substrate. For example, three lasers can be assigned to each of the tracks to be processed, so that out of five tracks to be processed, 15 lasers are provided, and in the case of three lasers assigned to one track to be processed, one unit of area usage is processed in each case, or one laser assigned to the track to be processed processes one first unit of area usage and an additional two lasers assigned to one treatment track process the second unit of area usage, or each of the three lasers assigned to one treatment track in each case simultaneously processes one unit of area usage. By this configuration of the laser, the processing time of the base substrate is significantly reduced.

It is also possible that, in particular in step c), at least one layer of the base substrate is perforated in one or more first and/or second regions by means of laser pulses, the laser pulse being produced in the form of one or more first and/or second areas located in the trajectory of the laser beams by the mask.

The laser preferably operates at a writing speed, in particular 3000 mm/sec, preferably 2200 mm/sec, more preferably 2000 mm/sec. Further, it is possible that the laser has a recording area of 200×200 mm, preferably 150×150 mm, more preferably 140×140 mm.

The base substrate, in particular in steps c) and/or d), suitably moves at a travel speed of 200 m/min, preferably 130 m/min, more preferably 120 m/min, even more preferably 60 m/min. This ensures that, depending on the laser recording area, the laser recording speed and/or the laser power, at least one base substrate layer is securely perforated in one or many first and/or second and/or third areas and removed without a trace.

The preferred embodiments of the device for executing the method are described below:

It is advantageous when the device further includes at least one of the following blocks:

a sensor unit, in particular an optical sensor unit, for detecting the position of at least one security element of the base substrate, in particular a watermark and/or a printed element;

- a computing unit for correcting the registered position data with at least one algorithm;

a second unit comprising a laser for perforating at least one layer of the base substrate, in particular in one or more second regions;

- a second deposition device for applying one or more, in particular, transparent layers of synthetic material on a single or multilayer base substrate;

- a printing unit, in particular a printing unit, for printing on a base substrate;

a cutting unit, in particular for cutting the base substrate into individual area-use units;

- a perforator, in particular for cutting out at least one third of the area.

The steps of the method, in particular steps a), b), c) of the method, are preferably executed in one device, or carried out in many devices, or distributed over many devices. One or more steps of the method are carried out, in particular, in a streaming process, that is, in one device that includes the appropriate units for executing the respective technological steps, or offline, that is, in multiple devices, which in each case include one or many blocks for executing the data of the respective technological steps. The sequence of method steps is preferably executed in a single threaded process in an uninterrupted manner.

For example, steps a), b), c) of the method can be performed in a streaming mode in one device non-stop, or steps a) and b) of the method are carried out in an uninterrupted mode in a first device having corresponding blocks in a streaming process, and the method step relative to step a ) and b) the method is performed offline in a second device having a corresponding block. That is, there is a break between process steps a), b) and process step c) in this example.

It is also possible that one or more steps of the method are performed repeatedly by a device including the corresponding one or more blocks. For example, step c) of the method is executed in a first pass through a device comprising respective one or more blocks, and then step c) is repeated in a second pass, in particular in a modified form.

One or many or all of the steps of the method are preferably performed in one or more roll-to-roll passes, or in one or more successive step exposure passes, these processes being performed on a single device or on many different devices. The device or devices preferably include the respective blocks necessary for the execution of the steps of the method.

The base substrate is preferably in a rolled state and is unwound to be passed through an apparatus comprising one or more units for performing one or more process steps. After the steps of the method have been carried out by means of the device, the base substrate is preferably rolled up again, the rolled base substrate, in particular in the case of an offline process, being transferred to one or more additional devices comprising one or more blocks.

In addition, it is possible that the base substrate is in the form of a sheet or in the form of multiple sheets.

For example, it is possible that for each of the steps of the method, in particular in the case of an offline process, a separate device is assigned, comprising one or more respective units, and the base substrate is preferably stored in the offline process in the form of a roll or as stack of sheets.

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, which are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b schematically show the document in top view and in sectional view.

Fig. 1c schematically shows an enlarged portion of FIG. 1a.

Fig. 2a-2c schematically show sectional views of documents.

Fig. 3a-3f schematically show documents in top view.

Fig. 4 schematically shows an enlarged portion of FIG. 3a.

Fig. 5a-5c schematically show sectional views of documents.

Fig. 6a-6d schematically show the document.

Fig. 7a-7c schematically show the steps of the document manufacturing method.

Fig. 8a-8c schematically show the steps of the document manufacturing method.

Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b schematically show devices for executing the method.

Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b shows a document 1 with a base substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the top surface 4 of the base substrate 2.

Document 1 is in particular a security document, such as a bank note, an identity card, a visa or a security document.

The base substrate 2 is preferably a paper substrate, in particular a single-layer paper substrate. It is also possible that the base substrate 2 includes cotton fibers, wood fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers and/or synthetic fibers. The base substrate 2 preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm. It is also possible that the base substrate 2 has additives, in particular security fibers and/or security pigments and/or colorants and/or watermarks. With regard to the one shown in FIG. 1a and Fig. 1b of base substrate 2 is a single-layer base substrate with a layer thickness of 80 µm.

As shown in FIG. 1b, a decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2. It is possible that the decorative layer 3 is one- or multi-layered. The decorative layer 3 preferably has one or more colored layers, one or more optically variable pigment layers, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more optically variable effect layers, one or more layers of colored pigments and/or soluble dyes, and /or one or more layers with microstructures. The layers advantageously produce at least one color effect in the wavelength range visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. when the microstructures are selected from the ^Kinegram® group, holograms, concentrating diffraction gratings, in particular asymmetric sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sine diffraction gratings or crossed sine diffraction gratings, or linear single or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, matt structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matt structures, or combinations of these structures.

As follows from FIG. 1a and Fig. 1b, the base substrate 2 is perforated in the areas 10 represented here in black, so that the decorative layer 3 is visible to the observer 9 of the document 1 from the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2 in the areas 10. The base substrate 2 is perforated by a laser.

The designations "upper side 4" and/or "lower side 5" in this case serve, in particular, to distinguish the surfaces of the base substrate 2, and in particular represent a frame of reference. However, it is also possible to use the terms "first side" and "second side" instead of these reference symbols.

Under the area in each case means a certain area of the layer or position, which it occupies when viewed perpendicularly extended on the base substrate 2 plane. For example, the base substrate 2 has areas 10, each of the areas 10 in each case occupies a certain area when viewed perpendicular to the plane extended over the base substrate 2.

Under the perforation of the layer is meant the complete removal of the layer, in particular by laser cutting and/or laser ablation. If, for example, a layer is perforated in region 10, then the corresponding layer in this region 10 is completely removed. In this case, the perforation is preferably carried out by means of laser cutting and/or laser ablation, so that the perforated layers in the respective areas 10 are removed and/or removed and/or burned out and/or evaporated without residue. So, for example, in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the base substrate 2 in the regions 10 is in particular completely removed by laser cutting and/or laser ablation, so that at least the base substrate 2 in the regions 10 is completely removed.

By "visible" is meant here that the decorative layer 3 is visible to the observer 9 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2 with the naked eye of a person.

As explained in FIG. 1a in dotted lines, the decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2 only as a separate area.

The example in FIG. 1a shows the ribbon-like shape of the decorative layer 3, alternatively or additionally, other shapes are also possible, for example in the form of an overlay. In addition, the decorative layer 3, when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extending over the base substrate 2, completely covers the regions 10. This ensures that in all perforated regions 10 the decorative layer 3 and, accordingly, the visual effects created by the decorative layer are visible to the observer 9 from the bottom. sides 5 of the base substrate 2.

As shown in FIG. 1a, the regions 10 are in the form of lines. However, it is also possible that the areas 10 are in the form of a graphic image, an alphanumeric image, in the form of dots, and/or in the form of a computer readable code. For example, the image may be a graphical outline, a figurative image, a picture, a plot, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, alphanumeric characters, text, and/or the like.

Fig. 1c schematically shows an enlarged portion 40 of FIG. 1a. As shown in FIG. 1c, in the regions 10 in which the base substrate 2 is perforated, the decorative layer 3 is discernible. In addition, the regions 10, as shown in FIG. 1c, have a width of 50 lines. The width 50 of the line, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending over the base substrate 2, is preferably at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm. However, it is expedient if the width 50 of the line in the regions 10, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending along the base substrate 2, is chosen at least with such a width that the decorative layer 3 is visible to the human eye in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate. 2. Therefore, the width of the 50 lines is preferably at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, more preferably at least 100 µm, particularly preferably at least 200 µm. Shown in FIG. 1c, line width 50 is 200 µm. However, the above dimensional values, depending on the configuration of the regions 10, can also relate to the width and/or the diameter of the regions 10. Thus, it is possible that when the regions are designed as circles, they have a diameter between a minimum value of 20 μm, preferably a minimum of 50 μm , more preferably at least 100 µm, particularly preferably at least 200 µm, and at a maximum of 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm.

As shown in FIG. 1c, the visual effect perceptible to the viewer 9 in the regions 10 is determined and/or predetermined by the decorative layer, since when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, the base substrate 2 is only perforated in the regions 10. The decorative layer 3 is therefore only visible to the observer 9 in these perforated areas 10. In this way, the decorative layer 3 defines visible effects for the observer 9 by means of its configuration in the perforated areas 10 on the underside 5 of the base substrate 2.

The drawings in FIG. 2a-Fig. 2c schematically show sectional views of documents 1.

Shown in FIG. 2a, the document 1 includes a base substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2.

Shown in FIG. 2a, the base substrate 2 is a multi-layered base substrate 2, and includes layers 6, 7. With respect to the one shown in FIG. 2a of the base substrate 2 is a multilayer hybrid substrate which has two paper layers 6 and a layer 7 of synthetic material. The synthetic material layer 7 is preferably a polyamide synthetic material layer. The base substrate 2 preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm.

As shown in FIG. 2a, both the paper layers 6 and the synthetic material layer 7 are perforated in the regions 10 so that the base substrate in the regions 10 is completely perforated so that the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate 2 In particular, since the paper layers 6 placed on the outside are opaque and thus substantially opaque to light, it is necessary to completely perforate the base substrate 2 in order to make the decorative layer 3 visible to the observer 9 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate. 2.

With regard to the configuration of the regions 10 as well as the decorative layer 3, reference is made here to the above embodiments.

Shown in FIG. 2b, the document 1 includes a base substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2.

Shown in FIG. 2b, the base substrate 2 is a multi-layered base substrate 2, and includes layers 6, 7. With respect to the one shown in FIG. 2b of the base substrate 2 is a multilayer base substrate 2 which has one paper layer 6 and two layers 7 of synthetic material. In this case, the plastic layers 7 preferably comprise polyester and/or polyethylene terephthalate (=PET). It is also possible that at least one of the plastic layers 7 is transparent. With respect to those shown in FIG. 2b of the synthetic material layers 7 are transparent synthetic material layers.

Here, transparent means the property of a material to transmit light in the wavelength range visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range between 380 nm and 780 nm.

As shown in FIG. 2b, the paper layer 6 and the plastic layers 7 placed on the underside 5 of the base substrate 2 are perforated in the regions 10. Since the layers 7 of the synthetic material are transparent, in particular because the layer 7 of the synthetic material placed on the upper side of the base substrate 2 is not perforated in the region 10 material is transparent, the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 2b, the base substrate 2 is therefore not completely perforated, the decorative layer 3 nevertheless being visible in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate 2.

With regard to the configuration of the regions 10 as well as the decorative layer 3, reference is made here to the above embodiments.

Shown in FIG. 2c, the document 1 includes a base substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2.

Shown in FIG. 2c, the base substrate 2 is a multi-layered base substrate 2, and includes layers 7, 8. With respect to the one shown in FIG. 2c of the base substrate 2 is a multilayer base substrate 2 which has one transparent layer 7 of synthetic material and one opaque layer 8. The opaque layer 8 is preferably an opaque lacquer layer and/or an imprinted color layer. The transparent plastic layer 7 is preferably a polymer layer.

As shown in FIG. 2c, the opaque layer 8 is perforated in the regions 10. Since the synthetic material layer 7 is transparent, the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 2c, the base substrate 2 is therefore not completely perforated, the decorative layer 3 nevertheless being visible in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 2c, at least layer 8 of the base substrate 2 is perforated in the regions 10. Therefore, perforation of the transparent plastic layer 7 is not necessary in order to still be able to distinguish the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer base substrates 2.

With regard to the configuration of the regions 10 as well as the decorative layer 3, reference is made here to the above embodiments.

Drawings Fig. 3a-Fig. 3f schematically show additional embodiments of documents 1 in plan view of the bottom side of the base substrate 2, which in each case include the base substrate 2 as well as a decorative layer applied to the upper side of the base substrate 2.

As explained in FIG. 3a-3f in dotted lines, the decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side of the base substrate 2 only in the form of a separate area, and the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extended along the base substrate 2, completely covers the regions 10, 11 and/or 12. With regard to the additional configuration of the decorative layer here should refer to the above embodiments. Likewise, with respect to the configuration of the base substrate 2, here reference should be made to the above embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 3a, the base substrate 2 is perforated in the regions 10 in such a way that the decorative layer is visible in the regions 10 of the document 1 from the underside of the base substrate 2.

As shown in FIG. 3a, the regions 10 are preferably in the form of lines. In addition, each of the regions 10 represents a pattern. For example, a drawing may be a graphical outline, a figurative image, a picture, a plot, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, alphanumeric characters, text, and/or the like.

In addition, the base substrate 2, as shown in FIG. 3a has a notch in region 12. Region 12 is preferably punched and/or laser cut. Region 12, as shown in FIG. 3a is made rectangular. However, it is also possible that the region 12 is formed in an oval, annular or patterned manner. In addition, region 12, as schematically represented in FIG. 3a, occupies a much larger area than regions 10. Region 12 preferably has at least 4 times, preferably at least 8 times, more preferably at least 10 times the area of regions 10. Region 12 in the manufacturing time of the document 1 is preferably created before the regions 10 are perforated. The decorative layer 3 in the region 12 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside of the base substrate 2. It is also possible that the regions 10 are connected to the region 12.

As shown in FIG. 3b, the base substrate 2 is perforated in areas 10 and 11 in such a way that the decorative layer in areas 10 and 11 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside of the base substrate 2.

As shown in FIG. 3b, the region 10 is preferably made up of straight lines. In addition, region 10 is a pattern. Region 11 as shown in FIG. 3b is also formed from straight lines, and forms a closed loop, which is a star-shaped pattern. Regions 10 and 11 were laser perforated and have lines with a width of 300 µm. In this way, by means of fine perforations in the areas 10 and 11 of the base substrate 2, large elements previously structured on the underside of the decorative layer, such as, for example, painted surfaces or surfaces with optically variable effects, can be exposed to view, so that they are visible when viewing the document. 1 from the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2.

As shown in FIG. 3b, the base substrate 2 is perforated both in the area 10 and in the area 11 in such a way that the decorative layer is visible in the areas 10 and 11 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, the area 11 having a pattern different from the area 10 . In this way, the decorative layer, when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, determines both in the regions 10 and in the regions 11 visual effects distinguishable to the observer, in particular optically variable effects.

Shown in FIG. 3c document 1 has regions 10 and 11. Region 10 corresponds to region 11 in FIG. 3b, so that with regard to the configuration of the area 10, reference is made to the above embodiments. The regions 11 are formed in the form of circles and have a diameter of 50 µm to 500 µm. Areas 11 are placed in a raster. The screen line advantageously corresponds substantially to the layer thickness of the base substrate 2. However, it is also possible for the screen line to be between 100 µm and 5000 µm, preferably between 500 µm and 2500 µm. In particular, the shortest distance between two adjacent regions 11 is between 100 µm and 5000 µm, preferably between 500 µm and 2500 µm. The base substrate 2 was then perforated in the areas 11 by means of a laser, so that the decorative layer in the areas 11 of the document 1 is visible from the underside of the base substrate 2.

For example, one or more human tactile information, in particular tactile information about the denomination of a banknote, or tactile information about the owner or owner of the document, with such an arrangement of areas 11 can be in Braille.

As shown in FIG. 3d, the document 1 has areas 10 and 11. The areas 11 are in this case formed linear and in each case form a triangle-shaped contour closed in some areas. The line width of the regions 11 in FIG. 3d is 250 µm. The area 10 is formed linear and in the form of a circle also forms a contour closed in some areas. The width of the lines of region 10 in FIG. 3d is 350 µm, so that the decorative layer in both regions 11 and region 10 is visible when document 1 is viewed from the underside of the base substrate 2.

Under the contour closed in some areas is meant that the perforations are made in such a way that not completely closed areas 10 and/or 11 are formed, and the areas 10 and, respectively, 11 define contours that are interrupted in some areas. To this end, the perforations are designed in such a way that the perforations are provided with breaks at regular and/or irregular distances from each other, and in these breaks the base substrate is not removed, so that the regions 10 and/or 11 adjoin each other via at least one connection, preferably through multiple connections.

On FIG. 3e-3d, the base substrate 2 is completely perforated in the regions 10 and 11 shown here in each case in black. However, it is also possible that, as explained above, only, in particular, the opaque layers of the base substrate 2 are perforated in the direction from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, the decorative layer being nevertheless visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside of the base substrate 2 in particular because the non-perforated layers of the base substrate 2 are transparent. If regions 10 and 11, such as region 11 in FIG. 3b or region 10 in FIG. 3c surround an area of the base substrate 2, this area of the base substrate is not removed, since the perforation of the areas 10 and 11 is preferably performed after the application of the decorative layer, so that the areas of the base substrate 2 surrounded by the areas 10 and 11 adhere to the decorative layer and are therefore not removed. , that is, the decorative layer fixes the closed-loop areas of the base substrate 2. It is thus possible that the areas 10 and 11 form closed loops without the encircled areas of the base substrate falling out, for example, during the manufacturing process.

Shown in FIG. 3d document 2 has regions 10 and 11. Region 11 is in this case made in straight lines and has lines with a width of 500 µm. Region 10, as shown in FIG. 3e forms a closed circular contour, and furthermore has lines with different widths so that a flower shape is obtained. Regions 10 and 11 are not connected to each other, so that region 10 and region 11 are separated by a region in which the base substrate 2 is not laser-perforated. In this case, the widths of the lines of the region 10 vary between 500 µm and 750 µm. Such linewidth variations can be generated, for example, by variations in the beam diameter at the focal point during perforation of the base substrate 2. In this case, the focus of the laser is advantageously changed, in particular by means of a lens system. As can be understood from FIG. 3e, the decorative layer in the regions 10 and 11 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, the decorative layer in the regions 10 and 11, in FIG. 3, highlighted with different hatching, has other colors, in particular from the RGB color space. Thus, the decorative layer in region 10 has a red color tint and in region 11 a green color tint. In addition, areas 10 and 11, as shown in FIG. 3e are interconnected.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the regions 10 and 11 are separated from each other. The distance between the two regions 10 and 11 is preferably chosen such that, within this distance, possible tolerances in the position of the different colors on the decorative layer 3 relative to the regions 10 and 11 are masked and therefore hidden.

Also in FIG. The 3d base substrate 2 is in each case completely perforated in the shaded areas 10 and 11. However, it is also possible that, as already explained above, in particular only the opaque layers of the base substrate 2 are perforated in the direction away from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, the decorative layer being nevertheless visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate. substrate 2, in particular because the non-perforated layers of the base substrate 2 are transparent. Region 10 forms a closed loop. However, since the region 10 was laser-perforated only after the application of the decorative layer, here also the area of the base substrate 2 surrounded by the region 10 is fixed with the decorative layer. For additional stabilization, a transparent layer of synthetic material can be applied to the underside of the base substrate 2, in particular in the area of the decorative layer applied to the top side.

Fig. 3f shows regions 10 and 11, which in each case are made in the form of filigree perforations, which are shaped like a tendril pattern of a climbing plant, regions 10 and 11 in each case closely adjoining each other.

Fig. 4 schematically shows an enlarged section 40 in FIG. 3a. As shown in FIG. 4, each region 10 is placed within a predefined surface region 13, which in FIG. 4 is shown in dotted lines. Each of the regions 10 in which the base substrate is perforated by a laser and/or in which the opaque layers of the base substrate are preferably laser perforated, when viewed perpendicularly to a plane extended over the base substrate, preferably occupies a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of the area of this predetermined region 13 surfaces.

Predefined here means a predetermined value or range of values, and, accordingly, a predetermined shape or geometry, in particular, which includes 100% of the area. So, in Fig. 4, the predetermined surface area 13 is defined by a rectangle with a defined area occupancy. This surface area 13 preferably corresponds to 100%, so that a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, is removed from this predetermined surface area 13 by the perforations in the areas 10 .

It is also possible that the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to the plane extending over the base substrate, also completely covers the predetermined surface regions 13 .

Fig. 5a-5c schematically show sectional views of documents 1 which include a base substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3.

Shown in FIG. 5a, the document 1 includes a base substrate 2 as well as a decorative layer 3. The base substrate 2 is a single-layer paper substrate with a layer thickness of 80 µm. However, as also explained above, it is possible that the base substrate 2 is a multilayer base substrate. With respect to this kind of configuration, reference is made to the above embodiments.

Shown in FIG. 5a, the decorative layer 3 includes layers 20, 21 and 22. The decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side 4 of a separate section of the base substrate 2.

Layer 20 is a thin-film layered system which creates an optically variable effect depending on the viewing angle. To this end, the thin film layered system preferably has an interference layer structure. The structure of the interference layer preferably has a reflective layer, which is, for example, a metal layer, an absorbing layer and a transparent dielectric separating layer that fulfills the λ/4 or λ/2 wavelength condition in the visible light region. However, it is also possible that the thin film layered system is formed from a sequence of high and low refractive layers. As shown in FIG. 5a, the layer 20 is placed between the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2 and the layer 21.

Under the λ/2- or λ/4-condition, one should understand the difference in the path of the rays, that is, the difference in the course (difference in the direction of the rays) of two or many coherent waves of incident light. This path difference is a decisive condition for the occurrence of interference phenomena. If the path difference of two waves with the same wavelength λ and the same amplitude is half the wavelength (and/or plus any integer multiple of the wavelength), then both individual waves are cancelled. This decrease in intensity is called destructive interference. If the path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength, the amplitudes of the two individual waves add up. In this case, constructive interference takes place. Values between them cause partial blanking.

Layer 21 includes a layer of replication varnish with microstructures formed at least in some areas, as well as a reflective layer formed at least in some areas. For example, a layer of replication varnish consists of a thermoplastic varnish in which microstructures are formed under the action of heat and pressure generated by an embossing die. In addition, it is also possible that the replication varnish layer is formed from a UV curable varnish, and microstructures in the replication varnish layer are formed by UV reproduction. In this case, the microstructures are formed by the action of the embossing die on the uncured layer of replication varnish before and/or immediately during and/or after the molding is cured by irradiation with UV radiation. It is also advantageous when the replication varnish layer has a layer thickness between 0.2 µm and 4 µm, preferably 0.3 µm and 2 µm, more preferably 0.4 µm and 1.5 µm. The microstructures formed in separate areas are, for example, designed as a sine-shaped diffraction grating and create an optically variable effect depending on the viewing angle. However, it is also possible that the microstructures are selected from the ^Kinegram® group, holograms, concentrating diffraction gratings (echelette), in particular non-symmetrical sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sine diffraction gratings or crossed sine diffraction gratings, or linear single or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed one- or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, matt structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matt structures, or combinations of these structures.

The reflective layer is preferably a metallic layer. The metal layer is preferably a metal layer of chromium, aluminium, gold, copper, silver, or an alloy of such metals, in particular vapor-deposited in vacuum to form a layer with a thickness of 0.01 µm to 0.15 µm. In addition, it is also possible that the reflective layer is formed by a transparent reflective layer, such as a thin or finely structured metal layer, or an HRI or LRI layer (high refractive index HRI, low refractive index LRI in English ). Such a dielectric reflective layer is composed, for example, of a vapor-sprayed layer of metal oxide, metal sulfide, titanium oxide, etc., with a thickness of 10 nm to 150 nm.

In addition to those shown in Fig. 5a of layers 20 and 21, the decorative layer 3, alternatively to layers 20 and 21, may also contain other or also additional layers, in particular selected from the group consisting of one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or a plurality of thin film layer systems, one or more optically variable effect layers, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble dyes, and/or one or more layers with microstructures, in particular, the layers producing at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing the document from the underside of the base substrate.

Layer 22 is an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is preferably a hot or cold curing adhesive layer, which includes, in particular, acrylate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane or polyester. Layer 22 is a hot-set adhesive layer with a layer thickness of 0.1 µm to 10 µm, preferably 0.5 µm to 5 µm. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5a of the decorative layer is in particular a hot stamping foil transfer layer. However, it is also possible that the decorative layer is a cold stamping film transfer layer, or that the decorative layer is a lamination film.

As shown in FIG. 5a, the base substrate 2 and the layer 22 of the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 are laser-perforated in such a way that the layer 20 in the regions 10 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. That is, not only the base substrate has been laser-perforated here. 2, but also, in addition, layer 22. Also, as shown in FIG. 5a, the base substrate 2 and layers 22 and 20 have been laser-perforated in region 11. This has made layer 21 in region 11 open to view from the underside 5 of base substrate 2 so that layer 22 in region 11 is visible when document 1 is viewed. from the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2. Therefore, if the document 1 is viewed from the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2, layer 20 in areas 10 and layer 21 are visible in area 11.

Fig. 5b corresponds to the image in FIG. 5a, with the difference that the decorative layer in FIG. 5b also includes a protective lacquer layer 23. The protective lacquer layer is preferably a layer of PET (=polyethylene terephthalate ) , PEN (=polyethylene naphthalate), PE (=polyethylene), PI (=polyimide), PP (=polypropylene), PC (polycarbonate) or PTFE (=polytetrafluoroethylene). The thickness of the protective lacquer layer is advantageously between 0.5 µm and 30 µm, preferably between 3 µm and 10 µm. As shown in FIG. 5b of the protective lacquer layer is a PET layer with a layer thickness of 16 µm. With respect to the additional configurations shown in FIG. 5b layers here should refer to the above embodiments.

Shown in FIG. 5c, the document 1 includes a base substrate 2, a decorative layer 3 as well as a transparent plastic layer 7. Decorative layer 3 in FIG. 5c corresponds to the decorative layer of FIG. 5a, with the difference that the decorative layer 3 does not include the adhesive layer 22, and is applied directly to the base substrate 2. The transparent synthetic material layer 7, as shown in FIG. 5c is applied to the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2 in the region where the decorative layer 3 is applied to the top side 4 of the base substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 5c, the transparent plastic layer 7 and the base substrate 2 are laser-perforated in areas 10 and 11. In addition, in region 11 layer 20 is perforated so that in region 11 layer 21 is visible when document 1 is viewed from underside 5 of base substrate 2. For further layer configurations, reference is made to the above embodiments.

Fig. 6a-6d schematically show Document 1.

On FIG. 6a shows the document 1 in top view when the document 1 is viewed from the top side 4 of the base substrate 2. As shown in FIG. 6a, the document 1 has a decorative layer 3 which is applied to the top side 4 of the base substrate 2.

On FIG. 6b, the document 1 is shown in plan view when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. The base substrate 2 is laser-perforated in the regions 10 so that the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. In addition In addition, the regions 10 are placed on the side opposite the decorative layer 3 of the base substrate 2, which is indicated by dotted lines. As shown in FIG. 6b, where the regions 10 are made of straight lines and arranged in a line pattern.

Fig. 6c schematically shows an enlarged image portion 41 in FIG. 6b. As shown in FIG. 6c, represented in black by regions 10 in which the base substrate 2 is laser-perforated so that the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, are made straight and arranged in a raster pattern. The screen line in the line screen advantageously essentially corresponds to the layer thickness of the base substrate 2. However, it is also possible that the screen line in the line screen is between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, more preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm . The line pattern of the raster shown in Fig. 6b and FIG. 6c is 80 µm.

Fig. 6d explains the operation of those shown in FIG. 6b and FIG. 6c of the perforated areas 10 of the base substrate 2 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. If the document 1 is viewed essentially perpendicular to the plane extended over the base substrate 2, the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrates 2. If the document 1 is tilted and, for example, viewed in side view at an angle of view of more than 35°, preferably more than 25°, relative to the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, then the decorative layer 3 is no longer visible. The decorative layer 3 is thus distinguishable depending on the viewing angle in the side view. If the decorative layer 3 is, for example, a colored layer, then when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, a color-changing effect dependent on the viewing angle is created in the regions 10.

Fig. 7a-7c schematically show the steps of the document 1 manufacturing method.

As shown in FIG. 7a, the base substrate 2 is first created. Regarding the configuration of the base substrate 2, reference is made here to the above embodiments. In the next step, as shown in Fig. 7b, a decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side of the base substrate 2. The decorative layer 3 is, for example, a layer with color pigments that give the impression of green. With regard to further possible configurations of the decorative layer 3, reference is made here to the embodiments described above. In this case, the application of the decorative layer 3 is preferably carried out by hot stamping, cold stamping or lamination, i.e., for example, the decorative layer can be a hot stamping film transfer layer which is hot stamped onto the base substrate 2 and/or the lamination film. , which is applied to the base substrate 2 by hot bonding. Then, in an additional step, the base substrate 2 is perforated in the region 10 by a laser. This makes it possible that the decorative layer 3 becomes visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. In FIG. 7c, the base substrate 2 is completely perforated by a laser. However, it is also possible that the base substrate 2 is not completely perforated, and despite this, the decorative layer 3 is visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2. For example, the base substrate may include a transparent layer of synthetic material, which is placed between the upper side 4 of the base substrate 2 and the decorative layer 3, and therefore, due to its transparency, the visibility of the decorative layer 3 does not deteriorate when the document 1 is viewed from the bottom side 5 of the base substrate 2. In FIG. 7c, the perforation of the base substrate 2 is performed in the direction from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2.

In this case, perforation here means the complete removal of the base substrate 2. Here, the perforation is preferably carried out by means of laser cutting and/or laser ablation, so that the base substrate 2 in the regions 10 is removed and/or removed and/or burned out and/or evaporated. without a trace. In order to perforate the base substrate 2 according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 7c, a gas laser was used, in particular a CO ₂ laser. The laser power in this case is advantageously at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W. It is further preferred that the laser wavelength is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm. Area 10 of base substrate 2 in FIG. 7c was perforated using a CO ₂ laser with a laser power of 300 W and a wavelength of 10.6 μm.

In this case, the laser beam is preferably guided by means of a deflectable mirror, in particular by means of a laser scanning module, along and/or over the region 10 of the base substrate.

In this case, the diameter of the laser beam at the focal point is at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm. However, it is also possible for the laser beam to be expanded by the lens system in such a way that the beam diameter at the focal point is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm. Shown in FIG. 7c, region 10 was created using a laser beam that has a beam diameter of 200 µm at the focal point, such that the width of region 10 is also essentially 200 µm.

In addition, the laser operates preferably at a writing speed of 3000 mm/sec, preferably 2200 mm/sec, more preferably 2000 mm/sec. Further, it is possible that the laser has a recording area of 200×200 mm, preferably 150×150 mm, more preferably 140×140 mm.

The base substrate 2, in particular, expediently travels at a travel speed of 200 m/min, preferably at most 130 m/min, more preferably 120 m/min, still more preferably 60 m/min. This ensures that, depending on the laser recording area, the laser recording speed and/or the laser power, the base substrate 2 is perforated in the region 10 and removed without residue.

Fig. 8a-8c schematically show the steps of the document 1 manufacturing method.

As shown in FIG. 8a, the base substrate 2 is created in the first step. With respect to the configuration of the base substrate 2, reference is made here to the above embodiments.

In an additional step according to FIG. 8b, a decorative layer 3 is applied to the base substrate 2. The application is preferably carried out by hot stamping. Meanwhile, shown in FIG. 8b, the decorative layer comprises layers 20, 21, 22 and 23. Layer 22 is a hot-glue adhesive layer, which in particular comprises acrylate, PVC, polyurethane or polyester, and through which the decorative layer 3 is permanently bonded to upper surface 4 of the base substrate 2. The layer 20 is a colored layer which has a blue color tone. Layer 21 is also a colored layer, which, however, has a yellow tint. For example, such colored layers can be created by layers that are provided with appropriate colored pigments and/or soluble dyes. However, it is also possible that the layers 20 and 21 are, for example, layers which in each case generate a different optically variable effect. Thus, for example, it is possible that the layers 20 and 21 have differently shaped microstructures, which in each case produce an optically variable effect. Layer 23 is a protective varnish layer. With respect to the configuration of the layer 23, reference is made here to the embodiments described above.

Furthermore, it is useful when the step of applying the decorative layer 3 to the top side 4 of the base substrate 2 further comprises the following step: stretching the decorative layer 3 before applying the decorative layer 3 to the base substrate 2, wherein the stretch of the decorative layer 3 is between 0% and 10 %, preferably between 0% and 5%. In this case, the stretching of the decorative layer is preferably carried out by stretching the transfer film or lamination film, which the decorative layer 3 includes as a carrier film. The distance between the pattern of the images on the decorative layer 3 is matched by the corresponding stretching to the distances between the security elements on the base substrate 2 . In this way, tolerances between ±0.1 mm and ±2.0 mm, preferably between ±0.3 mm, can be achieved between the decorative layer 3, in particular between the images on the decorative layer 3 and the perforations in areas 10 and 11. and ±1.5 mm.

After the decorative layer 3 has been applied, as shown in FIG. 8c, in the area 10 the base substrate 2 and the layer 22 of the decorative layer 3 are perforated by a laser. As a result, the blue colored layer 20 is exposed to view, so that when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, a blue coloring is perceived in the area 10. If an area, as shown above in FIG. 3a is formed as a line and forms a pattern, then the linear pattern is perceived by the observer as blue. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8c, the base substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 of the decorative layer 3 are laser-perforated in the area 11. The yellow color layer 21 is thus exposed to the view, so that when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the base substrate 2, a yellow coloration is perceived in the area 10. In this case, it is possible that region 10 and region 11 are connected and/or regions 10 and 11 overlap, at least in some areas. As a result, for example, a multi-coloured pattern on the underside 5 of the base substrate 2 can be purposefully made open to view, the color and thus the visual perception of this pattern being determined by the layers 20 and 21 of the decorative layer 3 that are open to view.

It is also possible that regions 10 and 11 are created using different lasers. That is, at least two lasers are used, which are preferably matched to each other in such a way that the manufacturing process can be shortened.

After perforating the base substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 in the regions 10 and 11, it is possible that the method further comprises the following step: applying one or more, in particular transparent, layers of synthetic material, which in particular are applied to the upper side and/ or the underside of the base substrate 2. Thus, the stability and thus the strength of the document 1 against environmental influences can be further improved. The perforated areas 10 and 11 on the underside 5 of the base substrate 2 can also be covered in this way in order to prevent dirt from penetrating.

It is also possible that the step of applying the decorative layer 3 and/or the step of perforating the base substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 further comprise the following steps:

- registration of data on the position of the security elements of the base substrate 2, in particular, the watermark;

- optionally, correcting the registered position data with an algorithm to the corrected position data;

- introducing control holes into the base substrate 2 on the basis of the registered position data, in particular on the basis of corrected position data, in particular with the aid of a laser.

Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b schematically show the devices 19 for executing the method.

Fig. 9a schematically shows the device 19 for executing the method.

In this case, the device 19 has an applicator 31a for applying a decorative layer on the base substrate 3 with its help. In addition, the device 19 includes a laser for perforating at least one layer of the base substrate 2, and a transport device 30, which serves to move the base substrate 2 Thus, for example, it is possible that the transport device includes a storage roll on which the base substrate 2 is wound.

The laser 32 is preferably a gas laser, in particular a CO ₂ laser, and/or a solid-state laser, in particular a Nd:YAG laser. The laser power is preferably at least 250W, preferably at least 300W, more preferably at least 350W. It is further preferred that the wavelength of the laser 32 is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm. For example, a CO ₂ laser with a laser power of 300 W and a wavelength of 10.6 μm can be used. The laser 32 preferably has a write speed of 3000 mm/sec, preferably 2200 mm/sec, more preferably 2000 mm/sec. Further, it is possible that the laser has a recording area of 200×200 mm, preferably 150×150 mm, more preferably 140×140 mm.

The transport device 30 is expediently configured so that the base substrate 2 travels at a travel speed of 200 m/min, preferably 130 m/min, more preferably 120 m/min, even more preferably 60 m/min.

Fig. 9b schematically shows a device 19 for executing the method, including a transport device 30, a sensor unit 33, a calculation unit 34, a printing unit 35, and a perforator 36.

The base substrate 2 is first brought by the transport device 30 to the sensor unit 33. The sensor unit 33 is in particular an optical sensor unit for detecting radiation in incident light and/or in transmitted light in one or more visible wavelength ranges, or in all visible wavelength range, and/or in one or more ultraviolet wavelength ranges, or in the entire ultraviolet wavelength range, and/or in one or more infrared wavelength ranges, or in the entire infrared wavelength range, for example, a photodetector, a CCD sensor or a CMOS camera, and makes it possible to detect the position of at least one security element of the base substrate 2, in particular a watermark and/or a printing element. The registered position of the security element is transmitted to the calculation unit 34, which determines the corrected position using an algorithm based on the registered position data. Using an actuator not shown, the position of the base substrate 2 can be adjusted to a corrected position. The actuating element can thus correct the position of the base substrate 2 in the plane relative to the positions of the subsequent blocks, in particular the perforator 36 and/or the laser 32, in order to create control holes.

The base substrate 2 then moves to the perforator 36, with which, according to the position correction carried out, control holes and/or large window openings can be formed in the base substrate in comparison with the perforations formed by the laser 32, as already explained above. It is also possible that the insertion of the control holes is performed with a laser.

The base substrate 2 then moves to the applicator 31a, by which a decorative layer is applied to the base substrate 2. Here, the position of the base substrate 2 can also be matched based on the corrected position data. Thereafter, the base substrate 2 is brought to the laser 32 to perforate at least one layer of the base substrate 2. With respect to the configuration of the laser 32, reference is made here to the embodiments described above.

The base substrate 2 then moves to the applicator 31b, by means of which a layer of synthetic material is deposited on the underside of the base substrate 2. In this case, as mentioned above, the areas perforated by the laser 32 and/or the window openings formed by the perforator 36 can be closed. Here, the position of the base substrate 2 can also be matched based on the corrected position data.

Finally, the base substrate 2 is fed to the printing unit 35 in order to print on the base substrate 2, for example, color patterns and/or alphanumeric characters. Here, the position of the base substrate 2 can also be matched based on the corrected position data.

Additional processing units may be included, such as at least one additional printing unit, at least one additional applicator, and/or at least one vacuum vapor deposition device, and/or at least one humidifier unit, etc., but not shown here. Finally, the base substrate 2 can also be fed to the cutting unit in order to separate the base substrate 2 into individual paper area usage units.

List of reference positions

1 document

2 base substrate

3 decorative layer

4 top side

5 bottom side

6 paper layer

7 layer of synthetic material

8 opaque layer

9 observer

10, 11, 12, 13 regions

19 device

20 first layer

21 second layer

22 adhesive layer

23 protective varnish layer

30 transport device

31a, 31b applicators

32 laser

33 sensor block

34 computing unit

35 printing block

36 perforator

40, 41 sections

50 line width.

Claims (200)

1. Document (1) including a base substrate (2) and a decorative layer (3), wherein a single or multilayer base substrate (2) has an upper side (4) and a lower side (5), and a decorative layer (3) is applied on the upper side (4) of the base substrate (2), and wherein at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) is laser-perforated in one or many first regions (10) in such a way that the decorative layer (3 ) is visible in one or many first areas (10) when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2), moreover, at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) in one or more second regions (11) is laser-perforated in such a way that the decorative layer (3) in one or more second regions (11) is visible when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2), wherein one or many of the second regions (11) have a pattern that differs from one or many of the first regions (10) and/or a different outline and/or a different coding , moreover, the decorative layer (3), when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extended along the base substrate (2), completely covers one or many first (10) and/or second (11) areas, and the document (1) in the areas containing the decorative layer (3) creates the first visual effect, which in reflected light can be discerned by the sensor unit (33). 2. Document (1) according to paragraph 1, different in that that the document is a banknote, identity document, visa or security. 3. Document (1) under item 1 or 2, different in that that the base substrate (2) is a paper substrate, in particular a single layer paper substrate, and/or that the base substrate (2) comprises cotton fibers, wood fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers and/or synthetic fibers. 4. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 1-3, different in that that the base substrate (2) includes one or more layers (7) of synthetic material, which are placed on the top side (4) and/or bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2). 5. Document (1) under item 4, different in that that the base substrate (2) includes one or more transparent layers (7) of synthetic material, which are placed on the top side (4) and/or bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2). 6. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 4 or 5 different in that that at least one or many placed on the lower side (5) of the base substrate (2) layers (7) of synthetic material are perforated in one or many first areas (10) by means of a laser. 7. Document (1) according to paragraph 1, different in that that the base substrate (2) is a multilayer hybrid substrate which has one or more paper layers (6) and one or more layers (7) of synthetic material. 8. Document (1) under paragraph 7, different in that that one or more paper layers (6) are perforated in one or more first areas (10) by a laser. 9. Document (1) according to paragraph 1, different in that that the base substrate (2) is a multilayer polymer substrate which has transparent layers (7) of synthetic material and one or more opaque layers (8). 10. Document (1) under item 9, different in that that one or many opaque layers (8) of the polymer substrate are perforated in one or many first areas (10) by a laser. 11. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the base substrate (2) has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm. 12. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that each of one or many first (10) and/or second (11) areas is located inside a predetermined area (13) of the surface, and when viewed perpendicularly extended along the base substrate (2) plane, each of one or many first (10) and /or the second (11) areas includes, in particular, a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of the area of this predefined area (13) of the surface. 13. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the width and/or transverse dimension of one or more first regions (10) and/or second regions (11), when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extended over the base substrate (2), is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm. 14. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the width and/or transverse dimension of one or more first regions (10) and/or second regions (11), when viewed perpendicularly to the plane extended along the base substrate (2), is chosen so that the decorative layer (3) in one or more first regions (10) and/or second regions (11) when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2) is visible to the human eye, and/or that the width and/or diameter of one or more first regions (10) and /or the second regions (11), when viewed perpendicular to the plane extended over the base substrate (2), is at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm. 15. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the document (1) in one or more first and/or second regions (10, 11) and/or in one or more third regions (12) creates a first visual effect which, in reflected light, is visible to the human eye, and/ or that the document (1) in one or more of the first and/or second and/or third regions (10, 11, 12) has at least a first light transmission, which in transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit (33) and/ or is visible to the human eye, and in areas outside the first and/or second and/or third areas (10, 11, 12) has at least a second light transmission, which in transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit (33) and/ or is visible to the human eye, wherein at least the first light transmission and at least the second light transmission differ from each other, or at least partially or completely match. 16. Document (1) under item 15, different in that that the document (1) creates the first visual effect in the areas including the decorative layer (3). 17. Document (1) under paragraph 15 or 16, different in that that the first visual effect is the first optically variable effect. 18. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 15-17, different in that that the document (1) in the areas including the decorative layer (3) has at least the first light transmission, which in transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit (33) and/or is visible to the human eye, and in the areas including the carrier film ( 2) and a decorative layer (3), preferably in areas including non-perforated carrier film (2) and a decorative layer (3), more preferably inside the first and/or second and/or third areas (10, 11, 12), has at least a second light transmission, which in transmitted light can be discerned by the sensor unit (33) and/or is visible to the human eye, wherein at least the first light transmission and at least the second light transmission differ from each other, or at least partially or completely match. 19. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that one or more first regions (10) are connected to one or more second regions (11). 20. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that at least one of the third regions (12) of the base substrate (2) is cut out by stamping and/or with a laser in such a way that the decorative layer (3) in at least one third region (12) when viewing the document (1) with the bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2) is visible. 21. Document (1) under item 20, different in that that at least one third region (12) has an area of at least 4 times, preferably at least 8 times, more preferably at least 10 times greater than one and/or many first (10) and/or second regions (11). 22. Document (1) under paragraph 20 or 21, different in that that one or many first (10) and/or second regions (11) are connected to at least one third region (12). 23. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that one or many first (10) and/or second areas (11) are made in the form of a pattern. 24. Document (1) under item 23, different in that that one or many of the first (10) and/or second regions (11) are in the form of a graphic image, an alphanumeric image, in the form of lines, in the form of dots, and/or in the form of a machine-readable code. 25. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that one or many first regions (10) are formed as a line raster. 26. Document (1) under item 25, different in that that the screen line in the line screen essentially corresponds to the layer thickness of the base substrate (2), and/or that the screen line in the line screen is between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, more preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm. 27. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) has one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more layers creating an optically variable effect, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble dyes , and/or one or more layers with microstructures. 28. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) has one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more layers creating an optically variable effect, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble dyes , and / or one or more layers with microstructures, and these layers create at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing document (1) with bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2). 29. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) has a first layer (20) and a second layer (21), and the first layer (20) is placed between the upper side (4) of the base substrate (2) and the second layer (21), the first (20) and the second (21) layers are selected from the group of one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layered systems, one or more layers creating an optically variable effect, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble dyes, and/or one or more layers with microstructures. 30. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) has a first layer (20) and a second layer (21), and the first layer (20) is placed between the upper side (4) of the base substrate (2) and the second layer (21), the first (20) and the second (21) layers are selected from the group of one or more colored layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layered systems, one or more layers creating an optically variable effect, one or more layers with colored pigments and/or soluble dyes, and / or one or more layers with microstructures, and these layers create at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing a document (1 ) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2). 31. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 27-30, different in that that the microstructures are selected from holograms, concentrating diffraction gratings of asymmetric sawtooth relief structures, diffractive structures, mirror surfaces, micromirrors, microlenses, anisotropic or isotropic matte structures, or combinations of these structures. 32. Document (1) under paragraph 31, different in that that the diffraction structures are selected from linear sine-shaped diffraction gratings or crossed sine-shaped diffraction gratings, or linear single or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings. 33. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 29-32, different in that that the first layer (20) is the first optically variable effect layer and the second layer (21) is the second optically variable effect layer; - that the first layer (20) has a first microstructure and the second layer (21) has a second microstructure; - that the first layer (20) has a first microstructure and the second layer (21) has a thin-film layered system, - that the first layer (20) is the first colored layer and the second layer (21) is the second colored layer, the first and second colored layers having different colors. 34. Document (1) under item 33, different in that that the microstructure of the second layer (21) is a zero-order diffraction structure. 35. Document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 33, 34, different in that that the first and second colored layers have different colors from the RGB color space. 36. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) in one or more first regions (10) is laser-perforated in such a way that the first layer (20) is visible in one or more first regions (10) when viewing the document (1) from the bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2), and that at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) and the first layer (20) of the decorative layer (3) are laser-perforated into one or more second areas (11) in such a way that the second layer (21) is visible in one or more second areas (11) when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2). 37. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) is completely perforated in one or more first (10) and/or second (11) areas. 38. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the decorative layer (3) is transparent, at least in some areas. 39. Document (1) under one of the preceding paragraphs, different in that that the tolerances between the decorative layer (3) and the perforations in one or more first (10) and/or second regions (11) and/or at least in the third region (12) are between ±0.1 mm and ± 2.0 mm, preferably between ±0.3 mm and ±1.5 mm. 40. The method of manufacturing a document (1) according to one of paragraphs. 1-39, including a base substrate (2) with an upper side (4) and a lower side (5), and the method includes the following steps a), b), c): a) obtaining a base substrate (2); b) applying a decorative layer (3) to the upper side (4) of the base substrate (2); c) perforating at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) in one or many first areas (10) with a laser in such a way that the applied decorative layer (3) is visible in one or many first areas (10) when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2). 41. The method according to p. 40, different in that that the decorative layer (3) is applied by hot stamping, cold stamping or lamination. 42. The method according to paragraph 40 or 41, different in that that the method further includes the following step: d) perforating at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) in one or more second regions (11) with a laser so that the decorative layer (3) in one or more second regions (11) is visible when viewing the document (1) from the underside (5) of the base substrate (2). 43. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-42, different in that that the method further includes the following step: e) cutting out at least one third area (12) of the base substrate (2) by punching and/or using a laser in such a way that the decorative layer (3) is visible in at least one third of the area when viewing the document (1) from the bottom sides (5) of the base substrate (2). 44. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-43, different in that that in step b) the decorative layer (3) is applied in such a way that the decorative layer (3) when viewed perpendicular to the plane extended along the base substrate (2) completely covers one or many first (10) and/or second regions (11). 45. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-44, different in that that in steps c) and/or d) the base substrate (2) is completely perforated in one or more of the first (10) and/or second (11) areas. 46. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-45, different in that that the method further includes the following step: f) applying one or more layers (7) of synthetic material, which are applied to the top side (4) and/or bottom side (5) of the base substrate (2). 47. The method according to p. 46, different in that that one or more layers (7) of synthetic material, which are applied to the upper side (4) and/or lower side (5) of the base substrate (2), are transparent. 48. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-47, different in that that in step c) and/or d) a laser is used with a beam diameter at the focal point of at least 20 µm, in particular 50 µm, preferably at least 100 µm. 49. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-48, different in that that in steps c) and/or d) the laser beam is expanded by means of a lens system in such a way that the beam diameter at the focal point is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm. 50. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-49, different in that that in step c) and/or d) a gas laser and/or a solid state laser is used. 51. The method according to p. 50, different in that that in step c) and/or d) a CO ₂ laser and/or a Nd:YAG laser is used. 52. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-51, different in that that in steps c) and/or d) the laser power is at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W, and/or that the laser wavelength is between 9.35 µm and 10, 25 µm. 53. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-52, different in that that in step c) and/or d) the laser beam is guided by a deflecting mirror along one or more first (10) and/or second (11) regions of the base substrate (2), and/or that in step e) the laser beam with is directed along the outer contour of at least one third region (12) of the base substrate (2) by means of a deflecting mirror. 54. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-53, different in that that in step c) and/or d) the laser beam is guided by a laser scanning module along one or more first (10) and/or second (11) regions of the base substrate (2), and/or that in step e) the laser beam is guided along the outer contour of at least one third region (12) of the base substrate (2) by means of a laser scanning module. 55. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-54, different in that that the laser operates at a writing speed of 3000 mm/s, preferably 2200 mm/s, more preferably 2000 mm/s, and with a recording area of 200×200 mm, preferably 150×150 mm, more preferably 140×140 mm. 56. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-55, different in that that the base substrate (2) in step c) and/or d) moves at a speed of 200 m/min, preferably 130 m/min, more preferably 120 m/min, even more preferably 60 m/min. 57. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-56, different in that that in step b) the application of the decorative layer (3) on a single or multilayer base substrate (2) is performed depending on the control holes, and/or that in step c) the perforation of at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the base substrate (2) is carried out depending on the control holes. 58. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-57, different in that that step b) and/or step c) further comprises the following steps: - registration of data on the position of at least one security element of the base substrate (2); - introduction of control holes in the base substrate (2) based on the registered position data using a laser. 59. The method according to p. 58, different in that that step b) and/or step c) further comprises correcting the registered position data of at least one security element of the base substrate (2) with an algorithm to the corrected position data, and the insertion of the control holes into the base substrate (2) is performed based on the corrected position data. 60. The method according to one of paragraphs. 58, 59, at least one security element of the base substrate (2) is a watermark. 61. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-60, different in that that step b) further comprises the following steps: stretching the decorative layer (3) before applying the decorative layer (3) to the base substrate (2), wherein the stretching of the decorative layer (3) is between 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%. 62. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-61, different in that that in step c) additionally at least one layer of the decorative layer (3) is perforated by a laser. 63. The method according to one of paragraphs. 40-62, different in that that the decorative layer (3) has a first layer (20) and a second layer (21), and the first layer (20) is placed between the upper side (4) of the base substrate (2) and the second layer (21), and in step c) the first the layer (20) of the decorative layer (3) is laser-perforated in one or many first (10) and/or second (11) areas in the direction from the bottom side (5).

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