RU2771054C1 - Method for electrical energy generation and two-resonant generator for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical power engineering.SUBSTANCE: method for electrical energy generation consists in that a pulse generator generates current pulses in primary winding of a Tesla transformer, inducing a high voltage in secondary winding connected to a spherical capacitor, ionizing air and forming a feedback voltage in tertiary winding, which is fed to the pulse generator connected to primary winding through a rectifier and a positive feedback circuit (PFC). In this case, tertiary winding consists of two series-connected sections wound in opposite directions, and it is connected to a serial LC circuit formed by the capacitor and primary winding of a matching transformer, secondary winding of which feeds the pulse generator through a rectifier bridge. Moreover, the pulse generator is controlled by an amplitude-pulse modulator. A two-resonant electrical energy generator, consisting of a pulse generator, a Tesla transformer, a serial LC circuit, a matching transformer and a rectifier bridge, is also claimed.EFFECT: increase in the reliability and increase in the efficiency of the electrical energy generator.4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry and can be used in power supply systems of various industries and in housing and communal services.

Various methods of generating electrical energy are widely known: electrochemical, thermoelectric, magnetoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric, using nuclear energy and other alternative methods. Common problems for them are the low efficiency of converting initial energy into electrical energy, as well as environmental pollution during the disposal of used natural resources. In this case, for example, to create and maintain an electromagnetic field in generators or DC motors, for the operation of thermoelectric generators used as current sources, the consumption of significant amounts of energy carriers is required. Current sources that convert the energy of solar radiation have a low efficiency and can be effectively used only in areas with a large number of sunny days per year. In addition, a number of sources of electricity in the process of operation cause significant harm to the environment (thermal and hydroelectric power plants).

A device and a method for amplifying electrical signals [1] are known, containing an alternating voltage source connected through a capacitor to the primary winding of a Tesla transformer, a secondary high-voltage winding with a spherical capacitor, which creates a stream of polarized air molecules and water vapor (a stream of ions - charged particles), incoming into the high-voltage winding of the second Tesla transformer. This winding induces an electric current in its secondary, low voltage winding connected via a capacitor and a rectifier bridge to the load and to a positive feedback device (PFC) supplying the AC voltage source. Thus, the AC voltage source of the first Tesla transformer is fed through the PIC from the second Tesla transformer, which increases the efficiency of the device. All four LC circuits resonate at the same frequency.

The way to amplify this device is to amplify the electrical signal due to a parametric change in the capacitance of the resonant circuit, consisting of a high-voltage winding and a spherical capacitor. This amplifier can be considered a generator, since it has a low-current AC voltage source, a load, and a POS device. The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of reducing four resonances to one frequency and the presence of two Tesla transformers.

An additional disadvantage of this method is the need to lift the spherical capacitors to a great height in order to obtain the atmospheric energy necessary for parametric amplification.

There is also known a method for utilizing radiant energy and a device for its implementation [2], containing an antenna for receiving the radiated energy of charged particles and a mechanical controller that connects this capacitor with a certain frequency and duty cycle to the primary winding of a matching transformer, to the secondary winding of which the load is connected.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of an effective source of charged particles.

Closest to the proposed invention is a device for generating electrical energy [3], consisting of a source of electrical energy that feeds a current pulse generator, the output of which is connected to a storage capacitor and to a spark gap connected in series with the primary winding of a Tesla transformer, the secondary high-voltage winding of which is A capacitor connected in parallel forms a resonant circuit that supplies positive feedback (POS) through the diode to the storage capacitor, and the tertiary winding of which feeds the load through the rectifier bridge.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the difficulty of matching the high voltage of the secondary high-voltage winding of the Tesla transformer with the low resistance of the storage capacitor for pulsating current from the POS diode. Indeed, the voltage on the secondary winding must reach tens and hundreds of kilovolts to ionize the air. Such a voltage will lead to breakdown of the PIC diode and storage capacitor, which reduces the reliability of the prototype.

Another disadvantage is the generation of a wide spectrum of frequencies by the spark gap. Among the frequency spectrum there is always a frequency that will cause resonance in the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer, but the spectral density of the radiation is not high enough, which reduces the efficiency of the prototype.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase reliability by introducing a matching transformer into the POS circuit connected to the tertiary winding, consisting of two sections connected in series, wound in opposite directions

An additional technical result consists in increasing the efficiency due to the introduction of a modulator, the modulation frequency of which is in resonance with the LC circuit formed by the primary winding of the matching transformer and an additionally introduced capacitor.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the drawing in Fig. 1, where: 1 - pulse generator; 2 - amplitude-pulse modulator; 3 - primary winding, 4 - secondary winding, 5 - tertiary winding of the Tesla transformer; 6 - spherical capacitor, 7 - capacitor, 8 - matching transformer, 9 - rectifier bridge with a filtering capacitor and output to an external load, 10 - isolation diodes, 11 - voltage limiter, 12 - source of electrical energy, preferably battery, 13 - ground electrode.

It should be noted that the filter capacitor and the zener diode, which limits the PIC voltage, connected to the rectifier bridge 9 are not fundamentally important elements and do not determine the novelty of the invention, therefore, they are not mentioned in the following text. Those skilled in the art reading the application will see them in FIG. 1 and understand their purpose.

The essence of the claimed invention is achieved by a method of generating electrical energy based on excitation by a pulse generator 1 with a modulator 2 attached to it and a primary winding 3 of a Tesla transformer of waves of charged particles - air ions and water vapor (hereinafter referred to as "air ions") - around the secondary high-voltage winding 4, moreover, the pulse frequency of this generator fg (Fig. 2, a) is tuned into resonance with the natural frequency f0 of the circuit, consisting of a secondary winding 4 and a spherical capacitor 6 connected to its upper output. These waves are captured by the tertiary winding 5 and transmitted to the LC circuit formed by capacitor 7 and the primary winding of the matching transformer 8. The natural frequency of this series L8C7 circuit is tuned to resonance with the modulation frequency fm (Fig. 2, b), which makes it possible to transfer the energy of the ion waves into the energy of the electric current circulating in the LC circuit with maximum efficiency. The secondary winding of the matching transformer 8 through the rectifier bridge 9 and through the isolating diode 10 forms a positive feedback circuit (POS), which feeds the pulse generator 1 and the modulator 2. The frequency fg of the generator 1 is tuned to resonance with the frequency f46 of the circuit formed by the secondary winding 4 of the Tesla transformer and a spherical capacitor 6, which increases the generation efficiency. The tertiary winding 5 consists of two series-connected sections wound in opposite directions, therefore, no EMF with a frequency fg is induced in it, but it receives ion waves with a frequency fm. Relatively slow waves of ions (Fig. 2, c) with a frequency hm cause the movement of electrons in the tertiary winding 5. Therefore, this winding is a receiving antenna, similar to the antenna in the second analogue. The moving electrons form a quasi-sinusoidal current (Fig. 2, d) in the secondary winding of the matching transformer 8. The resulting electron flow is enhanced by resonance at a frequency fm in the series-connected capacitor 7 and the primary winding of the transformer 8, which further increases the efficiency. The matching transformer 8 converts the output resonant current into an output voltage supplying an external load and creating a PIC voltage, preferably 24 V, via an isolating diode 10, supplying the pulse generator and modulator. The second separating diode 11, connected in series with the power source (battery), paired with another separating diode 10, protects the power source and the PIC circuit from mutual shunting according to the "Logic OR" scheme. It should be added that the lower end of the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer is connected to the ground electrode 13, which allows it, together with the spherical capacitor 6 connected to the upper end, to effectively ionize the air.

Thus, the matching transformer increases the reliability of the POS circuit and the entire generator as a whole relative to the prototype due to the transfer of this circuit from the high-voltage winding of the Tesla transformer to the low-voltage one. The presence of a second resonance between the modulation frequency and the frequency of the series LC circuit formed by the secondary winding of the matching transformer and additionally introduced capacitor increases the efficiency relative to the prototype. It should be recalled that there is also the aforementioned first resonance, caused by the equality of the frequency of the pulse generator and the natural frequency of the high-voltage winding connected to the spherical capacitor. Thus, the presence of two resonances relative to analogues and the prototype gives reason to call this generator as a "Two-resonance generator".

The above information confirms the possibility of implementing the claimed invention, achieving the specified technical result and solving the problem.

Thus, the present invention meets the criterion of "state of the art" and "novelty".

Information sources:

1. RF patent No. 2644119, IPC classes 7: H03F 3/2173 H03F 3/20 H03F 1/02

2. US patent No. 685958.

3. RF patent No. 2261521, IPC classes 7: H03K 3/53

Implementation example

1. Initial data.

A Tesla transformer is vertically installed on a platform made of insulating material with dimensions of 1.0 × 1.0 m. The transformer is made on a cylindrical frame made of PVC pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. Pipe height 600 mm. A secondary high-voltage winding is placed on the frame, wound in one layer with enameled wire PETV-2 with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a number of turns 1160. The length of the winding is 465 mm. The length of the winding wire is L=182 m. Over the single-layer secondary winding, the primary winding with the number of turns n1=3 and a diameter of 70 mm is wound with a PV-3 installation wire with a cross section of 2.5 mm2. The secondary winding is located coaxially with the primary at a height of 75 mm from its lower end. The tertiary winding is wound with PV-3 wire with a cross section of 4 mm2 over the secondary and has 50+50 turns. The matching transformer is made on two ferrite rings M2500NMS 80 * 50 * 12 mm folded together with the number of turns: 3 turns and 60 turns. Capacitor type SVV-81 with a capacity of 8.2 nF, 2000 Volts, 94 pieces connected in parallel. Diode bridge of four fast diodes STTH15R06FP.

2. Reduction of the generation frequency and the length of the secondary winding as a transmitting antenna.

, где λ - длина волны. Для выполнения этого условия вторичную обмотку нужно возбуждать напряжением с от генератора с частотойThe secondary winding is a transmitting antenna, so the length of its wire L must be equal to

, where λ is the wavelength. To fulfill this condition, the secondary winding must be excited with a voltage c from a generator with a frequency

fg=C/4L=300*(10*6)/4*182.1=412 kHz,

where С=300000 km/sec is the speed of light.

For accurate information, the primary winding is powered by an oscillator assembled on a 2SC5200N transistor according to a scheme known as the “Brovin Kacher”.

Powering the Tesla transformer from a self-oscillator makes it possible to determine the resonant frequency f46 of a complex resonant system. After turning on the oscillator, it turned out that its frequency is equal to:

- 820 kHz without spherical capacitor,

- 640 kHz after installing and connecting a spherical capacitor made as a toroid with a diameter of 300 mm from a ventilation pipe with a diameter of 100 mm made of aluminum foil,

- 420 kHz after installing two copper tubes 0.8 m long over the toroid.

Thus, the natural frequency f46 = 420 kHz of the Tesla transformer was brought to wave resonance with the length of the wire of the secondary winding with sufficient accuracy.

3. Execution of the pulse generator and modulator

For the final adjustment, the autogenerator was replaced by a half-bridge inverter, the load of which is the primary winding of the Tesla transformer. The inverter is made on two IRFP 260 transistors controlled by the IR2153D driver. The modulator is made on the NE55 timer. The modulation frequency is chosen to be 0.1 of the resonant frequency of the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer.

Claims (4)

1. A method for generating electrical energy, which consists in the formation by a pulse generator of current pulses in the primary winding of a Tesla transformer, which induces in the secondary winding, connected to a spherical capacitor and tuned into resonance with this generator, a high voltage that ionizes the air and forms a feedback voltage in the tertiary winding , which is fed through a rectifier and a positive feedback circuit (POS) to a pulse generator connected to the primary winding, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by receiving charged particles of ionized air, the tertiary winding, consisting of two sections connected in series, wound in opposite directions, connected to a series LC circuit formed by a capacitor and the primary winding of a matching transformer, the secondary winding of which, through a rectifier bridge, feeds a pulse generator that creates current pulses in the primary winding of the Tesla transformer, and the generator The pulse op is controlled by a pulse amplitude modulator to generate relatively slow waves of charged particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, to improve reliability, the matching transformer converts the output current in the primary winding into an output voltage on its secondary winding, supplied to the external load and to the PIC circuit to power the pulse generator and modulator. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to increase the generation efficiency, the above series LC circuit is tuned to resonance with the modulation frequency of the pulse generator, which allows charged particle waves to entrain electrons in the tertiary winding and form an output resonant current in the matching transformer. 4. A two-resonance electrical energy generator, consisting of a pulse generator connected to the primary winding of a Tesla transformer, the secondary high-voltage winding of which, tuned to resonance with the pulse frequency, ionizes the surrounding air, and the tertiary winding of which feeds an external load through a rectifier bridge, characterized in that the tertiary winding, consisting of two series-connected sections, wound in opposite directions, is connected to a serial LC circuit additionally introduced into the POS circuit, formed by a capacitor and the primary winding of the matching transformer, and the secondary winding of this transformer feeds the external load, and also supplies the POS voltage through the rectifier and a separating diode for a pulse generator to power it.

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