RU2770670C1 - Ice-protective string of the river floating bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of road and bridge construction and can be used to organize river crossings using ice-resistant floating bridges. The ice-protective string of the river floating bridge, located on the side of the river flow in front of the floating bridge, consisting of pontoons with an ellipsoid bottom, includes hollow drums and a cable, for twisting which and transmitting rotational energy to the drums, engines are installed on the banks of the river.EFFECT: proposed design makes it possible to move ice fragments approaching the bridge to a depth necessary and sufficient so that they can pass under the pontoons of the bridge; to give ice fragments at a depth the speed of movement necessary and sufficient so that they float behind the pontoons of the bridge.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of road and bridge construction and can be used to organize river crossings using ice-resistant floating bridges.

The most significant drawback of floating bridges [1] is the impossibility of operation during the period of ice drift and freeze-up (the risk of bridge separation). There is a way to overcome this drawback by using the force of ice pressure to lift the pontoons of a floating bridge with an ellipsoidal bottom and passing the ice mass under them [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the vertical oscillations of this bridge, together with the land transport going along it, which increase when passing under the pontoons:

- large fragments of the ice field, which, having a greater lifting force, lift the bridge more strongly than small fragments, which the bridge drives to depth with its weight;

- hummocks [3], which, having a considerable height, can not only strongly raise the bridge, but also sharply tilt it, since with an increase in the height of the rise, with the length of the bridge unchanged, its roll increases.

There is also known an attempt to solve this problem by replacing pontoons with an ellipsoidal bottom with pontoons with hulls of icebreaking ships [4]. Such a bridge crushes large fragments of the ice field and smoothes the hummocks, but for this it uses the principle of the icebreaker, namely: the pontoons must drive onto the ice and destroy it with their weight. At the same time, the problem of vertical oscillations is mitigated, but not solved, since the ice field is crushed and smoothed out already behind the bridge. That is, the main contradiction is not solved:

- in order for the floating pontoon bridge not to collapse under the action of ice masses during ice drift, it must perform vertical oscillations, passing a heterogeneous ice flow under it;

- in order for the floating pontoon bridge to be effectively used as a crossing for land transport, it should not make vertical oscillations.

This contradiction can be overcome with the help of the "diversification in space" technique, when the bridge is "divided" lengthwise into two parts. In this case, the first part of the bridge is used to form an ice flow with the required properties, smoothing, crushing and immersing ice fragments to the required depth, with the formation behind this part of a zone free from surface ice, in which the second part of the bridge is located, not in contact with the ice flow, and used for ground transportation.

For example, in front of the floating pontoon bridge there is an ice protection garland consisting of hollow drums rigidly fixed on a cable passing through them, the ends of which are fixed on opposite banks of the river with the possibility of rotation. Each of these drums in height and weight exceeds the individual pontoon of the bridge, located behind it. The oncoming flow of ice will rotate these drums and they will “run into” the ice, drowning it, regardless of the area and height of individual fragments, to a depth necessary and sufficient for the garlands to form an ice-free zone behind the drums, since the garlands emerging from under each drum the ice floes will be carried by the deep current down the river, that is, they will float not immediately behind the drums, but at a certain distance after them.

The ice-free zone can be increased if electric motors are installed at both ends of the garland cable, twisting the cable and transferring rotational energy to the drums with the help of it, which, with accelerated rotation, will give the ice fragments passing under them additional horizontal speed and the latter will float at a greater distance from the garland.

The purpose of the invention: the removal of the river floating bridge from the action of the ice flow.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in front of the floating bridge, consisting of pontoons with an ellipsoidal bottom, from the side of the river flow, an ice-protective garland is installed, including hollow drums and a cable, for twisting which and transferring rotational energy to the drums, engines are installed on the banks of the river.

The proposed design allows:

- move the ice fragments approaching the bridge to a depth necessary and sufficient so that they can pass under the bridge pontoons;

- to give the ice fragments at a depth the speed of movement necessary and sufficient for them to surface already behind the pontoons.

The claimed design with its inherent essential features can be repeatedly and in various versions, using various devices and materials, successfully implemented in practice to obtain the above result.

Example. The design of the ice protection garland is illustrated by the drawing in Fig. 1, which shows the location of the pontoons (1) of the bridge, drums (2), cable (3) and engines (4) of the ice protection garland in the riverbed (5), on its banks (6) and relative to the current (7) at the beginning of the ice drift period . In this case, the pontoons themselves (1) are located in the ice-free zone (8).

On FIG. 2, where the drum and pontoon are shown in section, the mechanism of formation of the ice-free zone is shown. The flow of ice fragments (9) incident on the drum (2) is crushed by the drum and immersed by it to a considerable depth, regardless of the area and thickness. By rotating the rope (3) of the ice-protective garland through the drum, these fragments are given an additional impulse for horizontal movement. The main impetus for such movement is given to the fragments by the flow of the river (7). Due to this, the fragments do not float immediately behind the drum (2), but after the pontoon (1). As a result, the pontoon is not affected by ice and vertical oscillations, as well as ground transport going along it (11).

The depth of the drum immersion relative to the level of the river is regulated by the level (10) of the antifreeze (for example, brine) poured into it. This antifreeze also increases the mass of the drum and therefore the pressure on the crushed ice, which can thus be controlled.

Information sources:

[1] Electronic resource: https://chemistry-gid.ru/knigi/naplavnoi-pontormyi-chto-takoe-pontonnye-mosty-stroitelstvo.html

[2] RF patent N 2494189. IPC E01D 15/14, B63B 36/34. Pontoon bridge transformer. N.P. Dyachenko Publ. 09/27/2013. Bull. N 27.

[3] Electronic resource: https://ru-ecology.info/post/103644804610018/

[4] Utility model to patent N 200848. IPC E01D 15/14. River floating bridge. E.I. Romanov. Published 11/13/2020. Bull. N 32.

Claims (1)

The ice protection garland of the river floating bridge, located on the side of the river flow in front of the floating bridge, consisting of pontoons with an ellipsoidal bottom, includes hollow drums and a cable, for twisting which and transferring rotational energy to the drums, engines are installed on the banks of the river.

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