RU2770472C1 - System for the destruction of rock formation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining and construction industries, namely to drilling equipment used in drilling wells by the impact-rotational method, and can be used to destroy hard rocks when drilling explosive and exploration wells with drilling machines. The system includes a drilling rig and a drilling assembly with a rock-crushing tool in the form of a ball. The drilling rig contains a running gear with an operator’s cab mounted on it and a mast with a rotator. A pneumatic hammer is installed inside the lower part of the drilling assembly, forming air channels with the inner walls of the drilling assembly. Above the pneumatic hammer in the lower part of the drilling rig coupling, a movable flap is installed horizontally, made in the form of two plates with holes mounted on top of each other and connected by a single rim. In the center of the movable flap, the flap drive shaft is vertically fixed, on which at least two pairs of guide stops are installed, and a worm mechanism with a worm mechanism drive is fixed between them. Above the drive of the worm mechanism on the inner wall of the coupling of the drilling rig a flap control unit is rigidly fixed connected to it by a cable, including series-connected receiving and transmitting devices with a battery and a switch. The receiving and transmitting devices are located in each rod of the drilling assembly and inside the rotator of the drilling rig opposite the air supply hole in the drilling assembly. The operator’s cab has a control unit with a monitor for wireless control of the flap.EFFECT: shock power is regulated by changing the air flow with an adjustable flap.1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining, mining and construction industry, to drilling equipment, is used in drilling wells in a percussive-rotary manner and can be used to destroy hard rocks when drilling blasting and exploration wells with drilling rigs.

A device for drilling is known (Filippov G.S. et al. Justification of the parameters and research of the combined drilling tool. In the collection: "Development and improvement of equipment and technology for the mining industry". Ed. Gipronickel, L., 1991, p. 25 -33), which performs percussive-rotary drilling, in which a combined rock cutting tool is used, including cutters and bits, as well as an impact mechanism (DTH hammer), including a piston with channels.

The disadvantage of the device is the limited stability of the cone attachment point in the bit foot, since high dynamic forces from the interaction of the bit with the bottom do not allow the design of the foot with wall thicknesses that allow long-term drilling in high-strength rocks with variable interlayer properties.

A pneumatic percussion mechanism is known according to (USSR author's certificate No. 998740, publ. 02/23/1983) containing a housing in which a piston is installed, forming with its walls the working and idling chambers, an annular elastic valve placed in the saddle and forming a channel with the housing for supplying an energy carrier to the working stroke chamber, and a tool, while the annular elastic valve has the shape of a torus and is installed in the annular groove, which is made on the outer surface of the valve seat. An additional elastic valve is installed in the mechanism, which is made in the form of a torus and forms a channel with the inner walls of the housing for air release from the working stroke chamber. The common features of the analogue and the proposed invention are: a housing, a piston, working and idling chambers, an annular elastic valve, which is made in the form of a torus and forms a channel with the inner walls of the housing for venting air from the working stroke chamber and serves to bleed air from this chamber into idle period.

The disadvantage is the radial hole of small diameter in the body leads to the fact that the exhaust of the energy carrier is reduced, and therefore the amount of energy carrier entering the bottom of the well is reduced. This impairs the cleaning of the bottomhole of the well and leads to regrinding of the cuttings and a decrease in drilling speed. impact power of the mechanism and limits the scope of its application.

A device for drilling machines with electric vibrodrills (Ivanov K.I., Latyshev V.A., Andreev V.D. Drilling technique in the development of mineral deposits. - M.: Nedra, 1987, p. 262-265), working on based on the effect of magnetostriction due to the imposition of high-frequency vibration on the bit, such a device for drilling includes a drilling tool, shock absorbers, power supplies, adapter sleeves, channels for the passage of compressed air, springs enclosed in the body.

The disadvantage of the device is a significant increase in the length of the drill string, the need for a cable section with mercury contact, small amplitude shock pulses passing through the drill string to the machine body, as well as generating a shock pulse that is not optimal in shape, causing increased wear of rods and bits and the presence of reflected impulse.

A device for the destruction of rocks by shock pulses is known (RF patent No. 2720041, publ. 23.04.2020) containing a body, a rock cutting tool, including a piston with an internal cavity filled with a heavy liquid, a striker, an impact mechanism that is equipped with a piston with a spring-loaded striker installed between the piston and a rock cutting tool, in which the upper end of the springs is placed in the grooves of the piston with a striker fixed at the lower end.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of adjusting the percussion mechanism, which is associated with the design of the striker, its seating surfaces are made with gaps through which air flows inevitably. Springs can fail if subjected to strong impacts.

A device for drilling machines with electric vibrodrills (Ivanov K.I., Latyshev V.A., Andreev V.D. Drilling technique in the development of mineral deposits. - M.: Nedra, 1987, pp. 164-178) adopted as a prototype , includes undercarriage, mast, driver's cab. drilling rig, cone.

The disadvantage of the device is a significant increase in the length of the drill string, the need for a cable section with mercury contact, small amplitude shock pulses passing through the drill string to the machine body, as well as generating a shock pulse that is not optimal in shape, causing increased wear of rods and bits and the presence of reflected impulse.

The technical result is the regulation of shock power by changing the air flow with an adjustable damper.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that inside the lower part of the drilling string, between the drilling string coupling and the cone clutch, a pneumatic hammer is installed, forming air channels with the inner walls of the drilling string; mounted one above the other and connected by a single rim, in the center of the movable damper a damper drive shaft is vertically fixed, on which at least two pairs of guide stops are installed, and between them a worm gear with a worm gear drive is fixed, above the worm gear drive on the inner wall of the drilling clutch the damper control unit connected to it by a cable is rigidly fixed, including a receiver-transmitter device connected in series with a battery and a switch, while the receiver-transmitter devices are also located in each rod of the drilling string and inside the rotator of the drilling rig and opposite the hole for supplying air to the drilling string, while the driver's cab has a control unit with a monitor for wireless control of the damper by transmitting a damper control signal through an antenna fixed outside the cab, a repeater mounted on the mast, connected through the air supply hole to the drilling string, receiving -transmitting devices of the rotator of the drilling rig and the drilling string to the transceiver device of the damper control unit..

The system is illustrated by the following figures:

fig. 1 - general view of the device in section;

fig. 2 - longitudinal section of the percussion mechanism with a striker and springs;

fig. 3 - striker with springs and drummer in the initial position;

fig. 4 - flap section

fig. 5 - damper in the open position;

fig. 6 - damper in the half-open position;

fig. 7 - damper in position closed;

fig. 8 - reference node, where:

1 - cone;

2 – pneumatic hammer;

3 - cabin;

4 - drilling string;

5 - repeater;

6 - receiving-reeating device;

7 - antenna;

8 - clutch;

9 - drive of the worm mechanism;

10 – cone shank;

11 - piston - drummer;

12 - air channels;

13 - control unit with monitor;

14 - damper drive shaft;

15 - worm gear;

16 - guide stops;

17 - damper control unit;

18 - cable;

19 - movable damper;

20 - rim;

21 - running gear;

22 - mast.

The rock breaking system includes a rock cutting tool, which is used as a cutter 1 (Fig. 1) connected with the possibility of removal with a pneumatic hammer 2. A movable damper 19 is horizontally installed in the lower part of the coupling 8. The movable damper 19 is made in the form of two plates with holes, which are installed one above the other and connected by a single rim 20. In the center of the movable damper 19, the damper drive shaft 14 is vertically fixed. At least two pairs of guide stops 16 are installed on the damper drive shaft 14, and a worm gear 15 with a worm gear drive 9 is fixed between them. To the inner wall of the clutch 8 above the drive of the worm mechanism 9 is rigidly fixed the damper control unit 17, which includes a series-connected receiving-reeating device 6 with a battery and a switch. The damper control unit 17 is connected through a cable 18 to the drive of the worm mechanism 9 of the damper 19. A hammer 2 with a piston - a hammer 11 and a shank 10 is inserted into the clutch. Air channels 12 are formed between the pneumatic hammer 2 by the inner walls of the lower section of the drilling string 4.

Cabin 3 is installed on the undercarriage 21, which is equipped with a control unit with a monitor 13 connected to an antenna 7 installed outside on the cab 3. The repeater 5 (Fig. 8) is installed on the outside on the support node of the mast 22 and is connected through the air supply hole to the drilling string 4 The upper transmitter/receiver 6 is installed inside the machine rotator support assembly, opposite the hole for air supply to the drilling string 4. Other transmitter/receiver devices 6 are installed inside each rod, depending on their number, which is related to the drilling depth.

The system works when drilling a homogeneous soft mass as follows (Fig. 1) damper 19 is closed, the hammer 2 does not work, and the air, bypassing the air hammer 2 through the air channels 12, goes only to blow the hole.

When drilling vertical wells in hard rock massifs of complex structures, such as granite, it is necessary to turn on the hammer 2 to maintain a high drilling speed. The driver transmits the “Opening” signal from the control unit with monitor 13 through the antenna 7 to the repeater 5, and from it to the transceiver device 6, and then to the damper control unit 17, while the switch is activated and connects the battery, which turns on the battery through the cable 18 the drive of the worm mechanism 9 of the movable damper 19. After turning on the worm mechanism 15, the damper drive shaft 14 is set in motion, the movable damper 19 opens (Fig. 5). Compressed air through the compressor of the machine through the drilling string 4 enters the pneumatic hammer 2, while the piston-hammer 11 begins to strike the shank of the cutter 10 and the drilling process stabilizes: the drilling speed increases, the vibration level normalizes, the "wedging" of the cutter in the well is eliminated, the blowdown is intensified wells, the “cushion” of drilling fines at the bottomhole is eliminated, the bottomhole surface is leveled, etc. The impact energy and impact frequency of the pneumatic hammer 2 depends on the degree of opening of the movable shutter 19. To reduce the drilling speed, a “Close” or “Cover” signal is given from the control unit with the monitor 13 through the antenna 7 to the repeater 5, and from it to the receiving-re-eating device 6 and further to the damper control unit 17, at the same time the switch is activated and connects the battery and through the cable 18, turns on the drive of the worm mechanism 9 of the movable damper 19. After turning on the worm mechanism 15, the damper drive shaft 14 is set in motion, the movable damper 19 is partially or completely closed (Fig. 6, 7). The jet of compressed air that enters through the compressor, drilling string 4 and air channels 12 into the air hammer 2 becomes smaller or, when completely blocked, its air is cut off from the air hammer 2.

The damper control helps to stabilize drilling speed and cone durability by regulating the amount of air through the hammer, improving working conditions of the cone and intensifying bottomhole destruction.

Claims (1)

A system for rock destruction, including a drilling rig and a drilling string with a rock cutting tool in the form of a cone, while the drilling rig contains a running gear with a driver's cab mounted on it and a mast with a rotator, characterized in that inside the lower part of the drilling string between the drilling string coupling and a cone sleeve, a pneumatic hammer is installed, forming air channels with the inner walls of the drilling string, above the pneumatic hammer in the lower part of the drilling string sleeve, a movable damper is horizontally installed, made in the form of two plates with holes installed one above the other and connected by a single rim, in the center of the movable damper vertically the damper drive shaft is fixed, on which at least two pairs of guide stops are installed, and between them a worm gear with a worm gear drive is fixed, above the worm gear drive on the inner wall of the drilling rod coupling, a damper control unit connected to it by a cable is rigidly fixed, including containing serially connected receiver-transmitters with a battery and a switch, while the receiver-transmitters are also located in each rod of the drilling string and inside the rotator of the drilling machine opposite the hole for air supply to the drilling string, while the driver's cab has a control unit with a monitor for wireless damper control by transmitting a damper control signal through an antenna fixed outside the cab, a repeater mounted on a mast connected through an air supply hole to a drilling string, receiver-transmitter devices of a drilling rotator and a drilling string to a receiver-transmitter device of a damper control unit.

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