RU2769631C1 - Method for control of spark gap and system for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to the field of electrical engineering and is intended for monitoring the state of the spark gap installed in the protection circuit of reinforced concrete supports of the contact network of electrified railways. The group of inventions includes a method for controlling the spark gap, which includes gluing an indicator in the form of an RFID tag onto a flat outer surface of the spark gap base in such a way that the RFID tag chips, whose individual codes mark the spark gap, are located above the through holes of the spark gap base, with In this case, in the event of an insulation breakdown, the exhaust of an incandescent highly ionized gas of an electric arc, passing through holes, destroys the RFID tag, which indicates a breakdown of the spark gap and is fixed by a stationary or portable recording device, and a system for its implementation.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability of the power supply system, minimizing the time to eliminate an emergency.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and is intended to monitor the state of the spark gap installed in the protection circuit of reinforced concrete supports of the contact network of electrified railways.

There is a known method for checking the health of the spark gap (Technological map No. 1.2.21. Measurements with checking the health of the spark gap. BBK 39.217 Collection of flow charts for the maintenance and current repair of the contact network has been revised, significantly expanded and prepared for publication by the Regulatory and Research Power Supply Station for Design and Implementation Center for the Organization of Labor of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation (NIS E PVC of the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation) p. maintenance", paragraph 1.2.21 of chapter 1.2. "Diagnostic tests and measurements". - M .: MPS, Department of E and E. - 1999. - 427 p.), which describes the procedure for performing work, including installation in dielectric gloves to the spark gap of the shunt jumper, connecting it first from the side of the traction rail, and then above the spark gap a segment, to a brace of a metal support or a grounding slope of a reinforced concrete support. Next, check the fastening of the spark gap to the grounding devices. A voltmeter (M231 (M762) high-resistance with a scale of 20-100 V, with zero division in the middle of the scale) is connected on both sides of the spark gap, with wires insulated from the ground. The shunt jumper is disconnected from the side of the support, without disconnecting it from the side of the rail. Observe the readings of the voltmeter. If there are trains in traction mode on the haul, the arrow of the device should deviate from zero, which indicates the serviceability of the spark gap. Thus, during the passage of the electric rolling stock, the rail potential (Up) caused by the traction current is applied to the spark gap. If the spark gap is not shorted, then the voltmeter reading changes. If the arrow does not deviate, it is necessary to wait for the train to pass along the track on which the support is grounded. If in this case the voltmeter needle does not deviate, but remains at zero, then the spark gap is shorted and must be replaced. After checking, the shunt jumper is connected from the side of the support, the voltmeter is disconnected from the spark gap and the jumper is disconnected first from the side of the support, and then from the side of the traction rail. The test results are recorded in a notebook. Assemble fixtures, fittings, tools and protective equipment. Send a notification to the energy dispatcher about the completion of work. The results of the check are recorded in the log of inspections and malfunctions (form EU-83). Inspection, maintenance and overhaul of spark gaps are carried out by the operational team according to the permit (Technological maps for overhaul testing of equipment. Safety instructions for the operation of electrical installations of traction substations and power supply areas of railways of Russian Railways. from Tekhinform 2008).

The disadvantage of the known method of checking the health of the spark gap with a voltmeter M231 (M762) is the impossibility of using this device in the absence of the passage of the electric rolling stock near the support with a spark gap, which, at large intervals in movement, leads to significant time spent on detecting a broken spark gap. In addition, at direct current, the movement of the electric train can be carried out along any part of the haul, and for alternating current, the deviation of the voltmeter needle should be observed at the moment the electric train passes the support grounded on the rail. To check the condition of the spark gap, several operations are required: removing the ground from the rail, shunting the spark gap, connecting the measuring device. Work is performed only in dry weather by two electricians of the 5th and 3rd category, subject to the safety and electrical safety rules, for example, when taking readings from the device, it is forbidden to touch the support and its grounding descent, connecting and disconnecting the shunt jumper is performed in dielectric gloves.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method is a method for recognizing a faulty insulator (Patent RU 2542674 C1, IPC G06K 9/03, publ. 20.02.2015, bull. No. 5), in which a passive RFID tag is upgraded by excluding it from the standard RFID scheme - tags of the conductive line of the antenna located parallel to the microcircuit, create a database for the controlled area, picketage, number of the support with insulators, identify each insulator by attaching a modernized passive RFID tag to it, assign an individual code to the chip of its microcircuit, and install it on a mobile vehicle the reader, containing a transceiver and an antenna, connect the reader to a computer with the appropriate software, move the vehicle along the controlled area, continuously feed a broadband probing signal from the reader through the transmitter and antenna towards the insulators with RFID tags, receive it with an antenna and response signal from RFID tags by the reader receiving device, determine the number of unanswered RFID tags, process the results using software, determine the location of damaged insulators, display the received data on a computer monitor and transmit to the control room.

The disadvantage of this well-known invention is that the upgraded RFID tag is triggered by the passage of current, which limits the possibility of using indicator tags of another design. The reader is proposed to be installed only on a vehicle, which limits the possibility of obtaining data on the state of the equipment directly at the support when bypassing and inspecting the equipment of the contact network section. The database is limited only by the location of the insulators on the supports.

A device for monitoring the state of the spark gap "Impulse" (Instructions for the maintenance and repair of supporting structures of the contact network "(K-146-2002) / Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, Department of Electrification and Power Supply: "Instruction for the operation of the device "Impulse") is known. The "Impulse" device contains a voltmeter, an output capacitor charged by an internal DC voltage source to a test voltage level controlled by the voltmeter readings. Two terminals of the "Impulse" device are connected to two leads of the spark gap, one of which is disconnected from the descent support going to the console, and the second remains connected to the descent going to the rail. The output capacitor of the "Impulse" device is charged by an internal direct current source to the first level of test voltage, the value of which is measured according to the readings of the voltmeter included in the device, and the output capacitor of the "Impulse" device is switched to the spark gap. If there is a low-resistance interelectrode short in the spark gap, then after switching there is a sharp drop to zero voltage on the output capacitor and the voltmeter of the Impulse device, which is the basis for rejecting the spark gap. Tests of the spark gap are continued with successive application of test voltage levels increasing in magnitude and controlled by the voltmeter readings to the voltage level at which electrical breakdown of the spark gap occurs, performing the following cyclically repeated operations: charging the output capacitor of the Impulse device to the normalized test level voltage; switching of the capacitor of the "Impulse" device to the spark gap; exposure of the spark gap for 30 seconds under the action of the test voltage remaining on the capacitor of the “Impulse” device; forced reset of voltage from the output capacitor of the device "Impulse" to zero; next charging of the output capacitor of the "Impulse" device to the next normalized test voltage level. After the test is completed, the measured voltage value is compared, at which the voltage was dropped from the output capacitor when it was switched to the spark gap. At test voltages above 1500 V, the spark gap is rejected.

A disadvantage of the well-known device "Impulse" is a high measurement error equal to 100 V. Connecting this device to test the spark gap is not safe, and it is necessary to perform a large number of technological operations, from preparation to analysis of data that require considerable time, which reduces the efficiency of monitoring the state of the spark gap. interval.

It is known "Device for monitoring the state of the spark gap installed in the protection circuit of reinforced concrete supports of the contact network" (Patent RU 69462 U1, IPC V60M 5/00, G01R 27/18, publ. 27.12.2007, bull. No. 36). The device contains a power source, a generator, a voltmeter, a latch, a toggle switch, a threshold element, and an indicator. From the power source, an increasing test voltage is applied to the input of the latch. When the normalized value is exceeded by the current flowing in the power supply circuit, the threshold element is activated in the event of an electrical breakdown of the spark gap or a low-resistance short circuit of its electrodes. The indicator displays the last value of the output voltage measured by the voltmeter and is compared with the electrical breakdown value Upr, which is standard for the spark gap. At voltage Upr<1500 V, the spark gap is rejected, at voltage U≤30-50 V, a spark gap with a low-resistance interelectrode short is identified.

The disadvantage of this device is that when connected, it is necessary to first disconnect one spark gap lead from the descent going to the console attachment point on the reinforced concrete support, which requires considerable time, while the second spark gap output remains connected to the rail by the descent. The device consists of several devices and devices, requires the ability to work with devices, is laborious, takes considerable time, both to connect and to take data, which then need to be compared with standard values, if necessary, reject the spark gap, make an entry in a notebook and report about the results obtained to the dispatcher. In addition, the spark gap is checked on foot, and this device has a significant weight and volume, which complicates the work of the team. At the same time, there is a risk of brigade members falling under high voltage, getting injured caused by passing through the section of the electric train. Spark gaps are installed on each support of the contact network, so this operation of checking the state of the spark gap must be repeated many times along the entire route along the section.

Of all the known devices, the closest in technical essence to the claimed system is a device for monitoring the state of polymer insulators (Patent RU 2688752 C1, IPC G01R 31/08, G06K 19/077, publ. 05/22/2019), in which RFID is used as an indicator. a tag including a flexible, laminated rectangular-shaped substrate, on which an antenna is fixed with a geometric modification of the bend of the dipole arms in the form of a meander, and two antenna leads are attached to two strips of the antenna layer located in the form of strips along the edges of the flexible laminated rectangular-shaped substrate. Both strips of the antenna layer are attached with conductive glue to the electrodes of polymer insulators, while the ends of the strips of the antenna layer are closed and the indicator takes the form of an annular electrode. The main part of the rectangular-shaped flexible laminated substrate is attached to the polymer insulator shell with a non-conductive adhesive closer to the grounded part of the polymer insulator structure. The presence of current passing through the chip indicates a violation of the dielectric state of the polymer insulator, which is recorded by the recording device.

A disadvantage of the known device for monitoring the state of polymer insulators is that a rectangular RFID tag is used as an indicator, which is suitable only for attachment to the structure of a polymer insulator.

The technical objective of the invention is to create a technical solution that allows, by marking and automated verification, to detect a breakdown of the spark gap in a timely manner.

EFFECT: increased reliability of the power supply system, minimizing the time to eliminate the emergency, as well as its consequences, improving the quality of detecting the breakdown of the spark gap.

To solve the problem and achieve the technical result, a method and system for controlling the spark gap have been developed.

In the method for monitoring the spark gap, which includes attaching an indicator in the form of an RFID tag, according to the invention, the RFID tag is attached to the flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap in such a way that the RFID tag chips, whose individual codes mark the spark gap, are located above the through holes of the base spark gap, while in the event of an insulation breakdown, the exhaust of an incandescent highly ionized gas of an electric arc, passing through through holes, destroys the RFID tag, which indicates a breakdown of the spark gap and is fixed by a stationary or portable recording device.

In a spark gap control system containing an indicator in the form of an RFID tag with a laminated adhesive-based substrate, with an antenna, with chips, each of which has an individual code, and a stationary or portable recording device, according to the invention, the RFID tag is made in the form of a sticker , made in the shape of a flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap, while the surface of the sticker is cut and overlapped for reliable gluing on the flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap, and the number of chips corresponds to the number of through holes in the base of the spark gap.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a spark gap in good condition; in fig. 2 - view A in Fig. one; in fig. 3 shows the spark gap with the indicator operation schematically shown; in fig. 4 - view B in Fig. 3; in fig. 5 - shows a diagram of the operation of the control system with an entire spark gap (IP 1) and with a broken spark gap (IP 2).

Shown in FIG. 1 spark gap in good condition includes the top electrode 1, the bottom electrode 2, the body 3, the flat outer surface of the base 4 with through holes 5, the indicator in the form of an RFID tag 6 with chips 7. Between the top electrode 1 and the bottom electrode 2 there is a dielectric structure eight.

The essence of the method for controlling the spark gap lies in the fact that an indicator in the form of an RFID tag 6 is glued to the flat outer surface of the base 4 of the spark gap (Fig. 1) so that the RFID tag chips, whose individual codes mark the spark gap, are located above the through holes 5 of the base of the spark gap. At the same time, in the event of a breakdown of the insulation, the exhaust of a hot highly ionized gas 10 (Fig. 3-4) of an electric arc 9, passing through through holes 5, destroys the RFID tag 6, which indicates a breakdown of the spark gap and is fixed by a stationary or portable recording device 12 (Fig. . 5).

The implementation of the method can be implemented using a spark gap control system.

The spark gap control system contains an indicator in the form of an RFID tag 6 (Fig. 1-2) with a laminated adhesive-based substrate, with an antenna (not shown in the figure), with chips 7, each of which has an individual code, and a stationary or portable recording device 12 (Fig. 5). The use of a laminated substrate makes it possible to protect the RFID tag 6 from the influence of external factors: precipitation, ambient temperature, wind loads, ultraviolet rays, surface contamination, and also prevents insects from penetrating inside the spark gap housing. The number of chips 7 (Fig. 1-3) corresponds to the number of through holes 5 of the base of the spark gap. For ease of mounting the indicator on the spark gap, the RFID tag 6 (Fig. 1-2) is made in the form of a sticker made in the form of a flat outer surface of the base 4 of the spark gap, which allows the adhesive layer to hold the RFID tag 6 with high stability and good adhesion. in a horizontal position. The cut surface of the sticker (RFID tags 6) is glued to the flat outer surface of the base 4 of the overlapping spark gap 11 (Fig. 2, Fig. 4) in such a way that a chip 7 of the RFID tag 6 with its own individual code ( Fig. 1-3). The surface of the sticker (RFID tag 6) is cut so as not to unfasten the bottom lead of the spark gap from the rail, but to freely stick the RFID tag 6 through the slot on the flat outer surface of the base 4 of the spark gap. The RFID tag 6 is glued from one end of the RFID tag cut, ending with overlapping 11. The recording device 12 (Fig. 5) can be made stationary or compact portable. A stationary recording device can be installed on a vehicle (for example, in a laboratory car, in a car, etc.) and is a reader with an RFID module, containing a transceiver and an antenna, and connected to a computer with appropriate software . A mobile portable recording device is a tablet or phone, contains a reader with an RFID module and an antenna, and is located at an electrician who inspects and repairs an overhead power line.

The spark gap control system operates as follows.

The RFID module of the recording device 12 (Fig. 5) emits a probing signal 13 in the direction of the indicators (RFID tags) 6 of the spark gaps IP1 and IP2. At the same time, the probing signal 13 is amplified by the antenna of the RFID tag, the RFID tag 6 is irradiated with a high-frequency electromagnetic field, due to which a working RFID tag 6 (in Fig. 5 - in IP1) with a chip 7 receives a command from the RFID module and generates response signals 14, which are received by the antenna of the recording device 12 and fixed on the monitor screen in the form of signs or sound signals.

If the RFID tag 6 is faulty (in Fig. 5 - for IP2), then it will not be able to form a response signal, thus, the absence of a response signal 14 of the RFID tag is fixed on the monitor screen by the absence of signs or the absence of a sound signal.

Since the upper electrode of the spark gap is connected by a wire from the side of the insulator of the contact network, the lower electrode is connected to the rail, in the event of a breakdown of the insulation of the contact network, a potential difference arises between the upper 1 and lower 2 electrodes of the spark gap (Fig. 3), and the electric arc 9 is ignited Under the action of an electric arc 9, the dielectric structure 8 of the spark gap breaks through and an electric current begins to flow into the rail. Due to the location of the chips 7 of the RFID tag 6 above the through holes 5 of the flat outer surface of the base 4 of the spark gap, the exhaust of the hot highly ionized gas 10 of the electric arc 9, passing under pressure through the through holes 5, destroys the chip 7 and deforms the RFID tag 6 (Fig. 4), after which the RFID tag 6 does not respond to probing signals 13 (Fig. 5) of the recording device 12.

The flowing short-circuit current during insulation breakdown is several thousand amperes, causing the relay protection to operate and disconnect the section of the contact network. The mobile operational team, passing along the disconnected section of the contact network with a portable recording device 12, will contactlessly, safely and quickly determine the broken insulator using the spark gap control system based on the response of the response signal 14 from the indicator (RFID tag) 6 and eliminate the malfunction in the minimum time.

The spark gap can also break through due to atmospheric and switching surges, in which case the current is several tens or hundreds of amperes, which does not trigger the relay protection, and the contact network section remains energized. In this case, instability of operation appears in the spark gaps, defects and / or large transient resistances occur, which can cause emergency situations, fires, especially when the spark gap is triggered again. Also, a breakdown of the spark gap can cause a decrease in its resistance, accompanied by the passage of small leakage currents and causing corrosion and destruction of metal and reinforced concrete structures. When gluing a marked deformed RFID tag, the breakdown of the spark gap and its location are automatically and contactlessly determined by fixing the response signal 14 from the RFID tag 6 by a stationary or portable recording device 12.

The chip 7 is proposed to be placed above each through hole 5 of the spark gap so that the exhaust of a hot highly ionized gas 10 from any through hole causes deformation of the mark chip and this fact is recorded by the recording device 12. The marking of the indicator is determined by the individual codes of several chips, and the deformation of any of the chips is recorded as a breakdown of the spark gap. Thanks to the marking of spark gaps, it is possible to enter, apply and save product passport data, analyze the results of spark gap monitoring in sections of the contact network, and identify weaknesses and prevent emergencies in the power supply system.

Thus, the creation of a method for controlling the spark gap and a system for its implementation will make it possible to safely and contactlessly identify the exact location of a short circuit in the event of an insulation breakdown in a section of the contact network and quickly restore train traffic, and also help to determine during detours and inspections of sections of the contact network network operation of spark gaps caused by non-emergency modes, which will help prevent emergencies and increase the reliability of the power supply system.

Claims (2)

1. A method for controlling the spark gap, which includes attaching an indicator in the form of an RFID tag, characterized in that the RFID tag is attached to the flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap so that the RFID tag chips, whose individual codes mark the spark gap, are located above the through holes in the base of the spark gap, while in the event of an insulation breakdown, the exhaust of a hot highly ionized gas of an electric arc, passing through the through holes, destroys the RFID tag, which indicates a breakdown of the spark gap and is fixed by a stationary or portable recording device. 2. A spark gap control system containing an indicator in the form of an RFID tag with a laminated adhesive-based substrate, with an antenna, with chips, each of which has an individual code, and a stationary or portable recording device, characterized in that the RFID tag is made in in the form of a sticker made according to the shape of a flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap, while the surface of the sticker is cut and overlapped for reliable gluing to the flat outer surface of the base of the spark gap, and the number of chips corresponds to the number of through holes in the base of the spark gap.

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