RU2769250C1 - Method for controlling the car's traction with the road surface and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automotive industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to road transport, and more specifically to the control of the car’s grip on the road. The method for controlling the car’s grip on the road surface when the car is moving is to displace the boundary layer of the air flow flowing around the car. The displacement of the air flow is carried out by the pressure of a gas mixture, mainly based on hydrogen and/or helium. The device for implementing this method contains a car body, a tank filled with gas, a valve, pipelines connecting the tank to channels or holes on the car body, attachment points for the tank and pipelines. The tank is installed in the engine compartment of the car. The valve opening control device is located in the driver’s cab, mainly on the instrument board.

EFFECT: increase in the controllability of the car is achieved.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to motor transport. Mainly, to ensure the conditions for the safe movement of cars by changing the nature of the interaction of the car with the external environment in the process of its movement.

It is known, see, for example, http://magazine.autotechnic.su/technology/aero/aero.html, that the nature of the interaction of a moving car with the environment is determined by external factors and design features of the car. This interaction is determined mainly by the conditions of the air flow around the body of the car, the adhesion of the car to the road surface, the overall mass parameters of the car and design features that provide a change in the conditions for the interaction of the car with the external environment during its movement.

It is known that speed indicators, fuel (or electricity) consumption, stability on the road, and hence safety, directly depend on the streamlining of the car. The main indicator of the aerodynamic properties of the car is the drag coefficient - Cx. It is determined mainly by the shape and overall parameters, as well as various design features that affect the process of air flow around the car. There are several factors that affect the Cx of a car: for example, frictional resistance between the air flow and the surface of the body, as well as form resistance, which manifests itself mainly in excess pressure in front of the car and vacuum behind it. The skin friction resistance also contributes to the Cx value. The layer of air adjacent to the surface collides with the microroughness of the coating, and is decelerated - the so-called boundary layer is formed. As long as this flow is in a laminar state, that is, all its particles move in the same direction, the thickness of the boundary layer is small (about a few millimeters) and the friction resistance is small. But with the transition to a turbulent state, the trajectory of its particles becomes chaotic, the boundary layer expands, and friction increases along with it - the air becomes more “viscous”. Thus, it is required to ensure the smoothness of the body so that the boundary layer remains laminar longer. Installing a front and / or rear spoiler allows you to change the conditions of the air flow around the car during its movement and significantly affect the driving characteristics and contacts with the environment. In order to reduce the lift acting on the rear axle, a spoiler is often used. Placed on the rear edge of the body, in the place of flow separation, it will not only reduce Cx, weakening the vortices behind the car, but also press the car to the road, pushing up the oncoming air flow.

A boundary layer control device is known (patent RU N 2032595 class B64C 21/02 from 1995), which prevents flow separation from structural elements of moving vehicles in a gaseous medium, such as aircraft. The boundary layer control device is made in the form of caverns formed on the surface of the object, with a central body placed in each of them in such a way that an annular channel is formed between it and the cavity walls. The central body is hollow and communicates with a low pressure source. Air intakes are placed on the surface of the central body, and the inner part of the annular channel is made in the form of a confuser-diffuser flow path.

According to the authors of the patent, separation of the flow from the surface of a vehicle moving in the air is often an undesirable phenomenon, accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the aerodynamic characteristics of the object. In particular, the developed separation on the wing of an aircraft leads to a significant drop in lift.

The method proposed by the authors for controlling the boundary layer on vehicles, during the movement of which the deterioration of aerodynamic characteristics is possible, caused by flow separation from their surface, is structurally and technologically complex (the boundary layer control device has a complex structure), economically inefficient, and since it is aimed at maintaining high lifting performance. forces acting on the vehicle, it actually helps to reduce the grip of the vehicle (car) with the road surface. Decreased adhesion of the vehicle to the road surface inevitably leads to skidding of the vehicle and drastically reduces such an indicator as safety.

Known, see Patent No. 2281884 "Method of changing the aerodynamic drag when a vehicle is moving in the air and a device for its implementation." IPC B64C 21/02 (2006.01), B64C 23/00 (2006.01), B61C 11/00 (2006.01), B62D 39/00 (2006.01)

The invention relates to technology for movement in the air at subsonic speeds, in particular to subsonic aircraft, high-speed boats, trains and cars. The method of changing the aerodynamic resistance when the vehicle is moving in the air consists in changing the state of the boundary layer of the vehicle by heating at least 70% of the vehicle surface evenly with an allowable temperature gradient of ±20°C to a temperature of at least 60°C, connecting the propulsion system of the vehicle , air intake or compressor lines with channels adjacent from the inside to the outer skin of the vehicle body. Additionally, a local transverse blowing of a heated mixture of air and fuel combustion products of the propulsion system through the permeable porous inserts on the surfaces of the vehicle into the air flow around it at a certain speed of this flow is carried out. SUBSTANCE: device for changing aerodynamic resistance during vehicle movement in air includes a vehicle body, a propulsion system and a system for changing the state of the boundary layer, formed by sealed lines connected to the vehicle propulsion system, an air intake or a compressor with channels adjacent from the inside to the outer skin of the vehicle body .

The disadvantage of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the heating of the car body contributes to an increase in aerodynamic lift and, as a result, a decrease in the level of adhesion of the car's wheels to the road surface. For a car, the most important indicator is safety, which largely depends on the adhesion of the wheels of the car to the road. There are no design features in the patent materials that show the solution to the problem of controlling the process of adhesion of the wheels of a car to the road surface.

The invention according to patent No. Patent 2163207 (prototype) relates to vehicles, mainly to the automotive industry class. B62D 35/00 and 37/02 and concerns devices that improve their aerodynamic qualities. The essence of the technical solution according to patent No. 2163207 (prototype) lies in the fact that a vehicle moving in an air stream at speeds at which the aerodynamic influence of the environment is significant is equipped with an aerodynamic device consisting of an ejector-guiding plane installed with a gap behind or in between the main aerodynamic surface of the vehicle, with one part (ejector) protruding outside the main aerodynamic surface at an obtuse angle to the oncoming flow, and the other part (guide) directed inward and forward.

The technical result consists in optimizing the "after" flow, in reducing the stern resistance to the movement of the vehicle, in obtaining a force pressing against the roadbed, which improves the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface; increasing the stability of the vehicle at high speeds and, as a result, increasing the speed of movement with equal engine power or reducing fuel consumption at the same speed as the control vehicle.

By blowing over the protruding ejector-guiding plane, the air flow presses the vehicle against the roadbed, thereby improving the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface.

The disadvantage of the proposed technical solution lies in the design of the device and the way it is used in the car. The device does not allow to control the process of adhesion of wheels to the road surface.

The purpose of the proposed technical solution: improving the safety of the car.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to control the grip of the wheels of the car with the road surface. The ability to technically control the grip of the car's wheels with the road surface increases the controllability of the car and significantly affects such a parameter as safety.

The technical result is achieved by a combination of essential features indicated in the claims.

The way to control the grip of the car with the road surface when the car is moving, is to move (remove by some distance) the boundary layer of the air flow around the car. Airflow and the car body are "rubbing" surfaces. The force of friction is significantly reduced by "removing", moving the air flow around the car away from the body of the car. This action is carried out by a flow of gases having a density less than the density of the air flow. For example, gas - helium, can be a "working fluid" for moving the air stream or part of the air stream, to a distance that completely or partially excludes the contact of air and the car body, and at the same time, creating between the contacting surfaces (air - car), gaseous lubricant ( gasket) preventing their contact. Such a technical solution, at high speeds and developed forms of "rubbing surfaces", allows you to control the grip of the wheels with the road surface of the car.

The main factors, in addition to the above-mentioned air flow around the car, are its (car) overall and mass characteristics and the location of the wheels on the road surface. The location of the wheels and the center of gravity of the car are constant, and the center of pressure of the air flow on the car body is a variable parameter. Changing the position of the center of pressure (the air flow around the car) relative to its center of mass leads to a change in the response of the road surface to the wheels of the car. Such a change allows you to control the adhesion of the wheels, increasing or decreasing its level with the road surface depending on the quality of the road surface, vehicle operating conditions, speed, load on the front and / or rear axle of the car and other conditions that determine road safety.

The necessary device for such a process is a tank filled with gas, for example, helium, with a density lower than that of air. Displacement, separation of air “rubbing” against the body of the car is carried out by the pressure of a gas mixture, mainly based on helium, from a tank located, for example, in the engine compartment of a car, through pipelines connecting the gas generator tank filled with gas with channels and / or perforations on the surface car body.

The tank, filled with gas, mainly helium, has a valve, for example, electromagnetic, necessary for the release of gas into the pipeline through which the gas is delivered to the place of application. The pipelines connect the tank with channels and/or perforations on the car body, through which the gas is released into the "friction" zone between the air flow and the car body. Mounting units provide connection of the tank and pipelines with the car body and channels (perforations) on its body. The tank is installed, for example, in the engine compartment of the car, and the valve opening control device is located in the driver's cab, mainly on the instrument rack.

On FIG. 1 shows the main elements of the car and the environment that ensured the implementation of the actions of the proposed method.

On FIG. 2 shows the change (movement) of the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the car, in the case of a decrease in air pressure on the hood (lower part of the body).

On FIG. 3 shows the change (displacement) of the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing air pressure on the hood.

On FIG. 4 shows the increase in the moment of the air flow relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing the adhesion of the wheels of the rear axle of the car.

On FIG. 5 shows the decrease in the moment of the air flow relative to the center of mass of the car. Increasing the adhesion of the wheels of the front axle of the car.

On FIG. 6 shows the structural elements of the device that provides the operation of the method, as part of the car body.

On FIG. 7 shows the structural elements of the device, which provide the operation of the method, as part of the car body.

On FIG. 1 shows the main elements of the car and the environment that ensured the implementation of the actions of the proposed method.

Pos. 1 - the center of mass of the car. An unchanging parameter during movement. Pos. 2 - the center of pressure of the air incoming flow on the car body. Pos. 3 - incoming air flow. Pos. 4 - the reaction of the connection of the road surface to the wheels of the front axle of the car.

Pos. 5 - the reaction of the connection of the road surface to the wheels of the rear axle of the car. On FIG. 2 shows the change (movement) of the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the vehicle, in the case of a decrease in air pressure Pos. 3 on the hood (lower part of the body). Pos. 6 - working fluid, gas, for example, helium, providing "separation" of the air flow Pos. 3, for example, on the hood of a car. The elimination of friction of the air flow on the hood, as the most developed part of the body, inevitably leads to a shift in the center of pressure Pos. 2 airflow. Center of pressure Pos. 2 moves to the highest point of its possible location.

On FIG. 3 shows the displacement of the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing air pressure on the hood and decreasing on the upper body. Pos. 6 - working fluid, gas, for example, helium, providing a reduction in friction of the air flow Pos. 3, for example, on the body of the top of the car. In this case, the center of pressure Pos. 2 moves down relative to the center of mass Pos. 1 car.

On FIG. 4 shows the increase in the moment of the air flow relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing the adhesion of the wheels of the rear axle of the car. Air flow friction reduction Pos. 3 on the body of the lower part of the vehicle and, as a result, the center of pressure moves Pos. 2 upwards, relative to its nominal location, leads to a change in the moment of air pressure forces relative to the center of mass Pos. 1 (shoulder A increases), which is compensated by an increase in the bond reaction of the road surface Pos. 5. Increasing the reaction of the road surface connection objectively increases the adhesion of the wheels of the rear axle of the car with the road surface.

On FIG. 5 shows the decrease in the moment of the air flow relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing the adhesion of the wheels of the front axle of the car. In the event that the friction of the air flow in the upper part of the car, for example, on the roof, is reduced by introducing a gaseous "helium lubricant" Pos. 6 into the contact area between the airflow and the housing, then the center of pressure Pos. 2 will move to the lowest possible position (relative to the nominal position). The moment of the airflow applied at the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the vehicle will decrease and, accordingly, the coupling reaction will decrease Pos. 5 pavement. Dimension B shows the change in the overturning moment of the air flow applied at the center of pressure relative to the center of mass of the vehicle.

On FIG. 6 shows the main elements of the device for performing the steps of the method. Reservoir Pos. 10, filled with gas, for example, helium, hydrogen or other composition, is located mainly in the engine compartment of the car body Pos. 11. Channels and / or holes (perforations) are formed on the car body Pos 11, in places where gas is supposed to escape from the reservoir Pos. 10. Reservoir Pos. 10, connected to channels and/or openings by piping Pos. 7, through which, under pressure, the gas will exit into the friction zone of the air flow with the car body. To release the gas on the tank, it is supposed to use a valve, for example, electromagnetic, controlled from the cab of the car. Valve activation control Pos. 8 is installed, for example, on the dashboard and connected by communication channels Pos. 9, e.g. cable with tank opening valve Pos. ten.

On FIG. 7 shows the places where gas escapes to the surface of the car body, for example, the hood. The exit section corresponds to the zone of maximum friction of the air flow against the car body. The formation of exit points is carried out, mainly in the form (shape) of channels and / or holes Pos. 13 connected to the pipeline of the tank.

An example of the implementation of the method.

While driving, for example, in difficult road conditions, it is required to increase or decrease the grip of the wheels with the road surface. Road grip is a determining factor for road safety. Under vehicle driving conditions Fig. 1 air flow is generated Pos. 3, which is the action of pressing the vehicle against the road surface at the points of contact with the wheels of the vehicle. At the points of contact between the wheels of the car and the road surface, forces act in the form of the reaction of the road surface Pos. 4 and Pos. 5 on the pressure of the mass of the car body, and the oncoming air flow. We consider the equilibrium state during the movement of the car as a combination of various forces applied to the center of mass of the car Pos. 1, and the oncoming air flow Pos. 3 applied to the center of pressure Pos. 2.

To increase the adhesion, for example, of the wheels of the rear axle of the car, it is necessary to increase the reaction force of the connection Pos. 5 per wheel. To do this, change the position of the center of pressure Pos. 2 relative to the vehicle's center of mass Pos. 1. Moving the center of pressure of the incoming air flow Pos. 2 from its nominal location to the most remote zone will ensure the redistribution of the moments of forces acting on the center of mass of the vehicle, and, as a result, an increase in the coupling response Pos. 5 pavement on the rear axle wheels. Moving center of pressure Pos. 2 airflow Pos. 3 is carried out by changing the process of flow around the air flow Pos. 3 car bodies (see Fig. 2). Into the lower part of the housing in contact with the air flow Pos. 3, for example, on the outer side of the hood of the car, a gas flow is introduced, for example, helium or hydrogen, or another gas having a density less than the density of the air flowing around the car. Injected gas Pos. 6, retracts the air flow in whole or in part Pos. 3, redistributing its pressure to the upper part of the car body, see FIG. 2. By increasing its density and pressure on the body surface, which leads, respectively, to the displacement of the center of pressure Pos. 2 and an increase in the moment of air pressure forces relative to the center of mass of the vehicle. Increasing the moment of forces of air pressure applied to the center of pressure Pos. 2 (Fig. 4) inevitably leads to an increase in the coupling reaction Pos. 5 (balancing moment caused by the displacement of the center of pressure Pos. 2 of the air flow Pos. 3) and, accordingly, increasing the grip of the rear axle wheels with the road surface.

The operation of the devices providing the execution of actions to change the location of the center of pressure is shown in Fig. 6. In the event of a skid, for example, a rear-wheel drive vehicle, and loss of adhesion of the rear axle wheels to the road, the driver activates the reservoir Pos. 10 filled with gas, such as helium. Activation of the gas tank consists in opening the tank outlet valve, which is controlled from the driver's cab. Control signal, from switching unit Pos. 8 via cable network Pos. 9 includes the outlet valve of the tank 10 and the gas from the tank 10 through the pipeline Pos. 7 enters the holes and / or channels Pos. 13 located, for example, on the hood Pos. 12 cars. The escaping gas penetrates between the surface of the hood Pos. 12 and ram air Pos. 3, moving (moving) the latter from the body. The oncoming flow is redistributed, increasing the pressure in those places where there is no injected gas. At the same time, the location of the pressure center Pos. 2 ram air Pos. 3. Center of pressure Pos. 2 moves to the top point on the car body (see Fig. 2). Changing the location of the center of pressure Pos. 2 leads to a redistribution of force factors acting relative to the center of mass Pos. 1 (see Fig. 4). The consequence of this redistribution is an increase in the reaction of the connection of the pavement Pos. 5 and the inevitable increase in the grip of the rear axle wheels with the road. Increasing the clutch objectively eliminates the conditions for skidding the car and, accordingly, increases road safety.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to control the grip of the wheels of the car with the road surface. The ability to technically control the grip of the car's wheels with the road surface increases the controllability of the car and significantly affects such a parameter as safety.

Claims (2)

1. A method for controlling the grip of a car with a road surface when the car is moving, which consists in moving the boundary layer of the air flow around the car, characterized in that the displacement of the air flow is carried out by the pressure of a gas mixture, mainly based on hydrogen and / or helium, from a reservoir located mainly in the engine compartment of the car, through pipelines connecting the tank of the gas generator filled with gas with channels on the surface of the car body. 2. A device for controlling the adhesion of a vehicle to a road surface, comprising a vehicle body, a reservoir filled with gas, mainly hydrogen and / or helium, a valve, for example, an electromagnetic valve, pipelines connecting the reservoir with channels or openings on the vehicle body, tank and pipeline attachment points , characterized in that the tank is installed mainly in the engine compartment of the car, and the valve opening control device is located in the driver's cab, mainly on the instrument rack.

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