RU2769126C9 - Centrifuge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a centrifuge, in which a fluid initial product can be purified from solid substances during continuous operation in a centrifugal field in a rotating drum, wherein the drum has an upper drum part and a lower drum part, wherein the upper drum part or the lower drum part has a movable piston slide valve, by means of which outlet holes in the drum can be opened or closed, besides, one or more wear-protective elements are provided for protection against abrasive wear. At that, a) the drum has two or more first wear-protective elements on the axial annular surface of the upper part of the drum or the lower part of the drum, wherein the wear-protective elements are in the form of circular annular segments, b) the piston slide has two or more second wear-protective elements on the corresponding axial annular surface, wherein wear-protective elements have the form of circular annular segments, c) wherein each of the wear-protective elements together with one or two corresponding adjacent wear-protective elements has a corresponding butt edge with formation of a gap between the adjacent butt edges.

EFFECT: creation of additional structural methods of protection of elements of centrifuge drum and on this drum from abrasive wear.

18 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a centrifuge in which a fluid feedstock can be cleaned of solids by continuous operation in a centrifugal field in a rotating drum, and the drum has a top drum and a bottom drum, while the top of the drum or the bottom of the drum has a movable piston valve , by means of which the outlets in the drum can be opened or closed, and one or more wear elements are additionally provided to protect against abrasive wear.

The feedstock being cleaned by the centrifuge drum and thus also the solids contained therein - which can be waste as well as secondary raw materials - are subjected to a large centripetal acceleration, which can be more than 10,000 times the gravitational acceleration (more than 10,000 g ) in a separator with a vertical axis of rotation. With the help of a closed drum, substances are held in a rotating system, in which a pressure is formed proportional to the square of the angular velocity "ω ² ".

If one or more outlets on the outer periphery of the drum are opened when emptying the solids drum to release the solids, the pressurized solid is squeezed out through the outlet(s) at high speed and therefore energy. Thus, when emptying the solids separator with automatic emptying at full speed, solids, in particular abrasive solids, can cause wear on the discharge opening(s) of the bottom of the drum, on the top of the drum and in particular also on the piston valve.

To reduce this wear, it is known to protect dangerous spots on the outside of the drum by means of special elements or by means of a coating of a suitable hard material, for example hard metal (see, for example, WO 2004/054719 A1). In this regard, the prior art also contains DE 1869993 U, which discloses wear rings for protection against abrasion.

The objective of the invention is to create additional design methods for protecting the elements of the centrifuge drum and on this drum from abrasive wear. The invention solves this problem by means of the object of claim 1 of the claims. This centrifuge has one or both of the following features:

a) the drum has two or more first wear elements on the axial annular surface of the upper part of the drum or the lower part of the drum, the wear elements being in the form of circular annular segments, and/or

b) the piston spool has two or more second wear elements on a respective axial annular surface, the wear elements being in the form of circular annular segments.

Thus, by simple means, the wear protection on the drum and/or on the piston spool is improved.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below, with which wear protection can be optimized in each case.

If the piston spool moves directionally at the bottom of the drum, the part of the drum on which the first wear elements are placed is the top of the drum (which may also include a member located on the top of the drum, such as a ring). If, on the other hand, the piston spool moves directionally in the upper part of the drum - which is less preferable, perhaps - the part of the drum on which the first wear elements are placed is the lower part of the drum.

In this case, it can be provided that said/said first and/or second wear protection elements are/are made so as to cover the entire axial annular surface of the component on which they are located or mounted. The advantage of this embodiment is that said/said components or functional elements allowing solids to be discharged by mechanically opening or closing the solids discharge openings are fully equipped with and suitably protected by wear elements on their entire periphery or in a peripheral direction.

Alternatively, it can be provided that said/said first and/or second wear protection elements are/are made so as to cover only part of the axial annular surface of the component on which they are located (i.e. the top or bottom of the drum on one side and/or piston spool on the other side). Parts of the correspondingly coated surfaces are thus better protected in each case.

Preferably, wear protection elements can be provided on both respective components - in particular on the top of the drum and on the piston spool - so that these elements are butted in the axial direction when the solids discharge holes of the drum are closed. In this way, particularly effective protection of both components is achieved.

According to one variant, it can be provided that said/said first and/or second wear elements are/are made so as to cover only the radial part of the axial annular surface of the component on which they are located.

According to another variant, on the contrary, it can be provided that said/said first and/or second wear elements are/are made so as to cover only certain peripheral parts of the axial annular surface of the component on which they are located, without forming a peripherally closed ring.

It can also be provided that said/said first and/or second wear elements together form a circumferentially closed ring. In this way, particularly effective wear protection is achieved.

According to one variant, this ring protrudes in each case axially inwardly beyond the respective component. Due to this, some solid matter can collect here, forming additional wear protection. This is explained in more detail below also with the help of the description of the drawings. However, the ring can also be flush with the corresponding component, radially inward.

Additionally, to ensure effective wear protection and effective collection, it can be provided that said/said first and/or second wear protection elements (for example, in two directions) are/are located with positive locking on the component whose surface they cover.

In the context of this document, the term "solids" means substances that are discharged through the outlet of the drum. These can be, for example, suspended solids or impurities, but also auxiliary substances such as bentonite or secondary raw materials such as algae, yeast, cell cultures or microorganisms. The term "solid" should not be understood too narrowly. It can also include the fluid phase, which can be drained through holes opened and closed by a piston valve.

Said/said first wear elements can thus be designed to cover the entire axial annular surface of the upper part of the drum. However, they can alternatively also be designed to extend radially and/or circumferentially over only part of the axial annular surface of the drum top and only partially cover it. Preferably, it can be provided that said/said first wear elements form a circumferentially closed ring. However, he or they can in each case also only partially be located in the peripheral direction, without forming a peripherally closed ring. Preferably, however, it is also provided that, at least in the radial region, radially in front of each discharge opening, a wear element of the drum top is provided. The result is less abrasive wear on the top of the drum in this dangerous area. This is the preferred embodiment of the invention. Particularly effective wear protection is ensured if the ring of wear elements on the upper part of the drum is made peripherally closed.

The specified/specified second wear elements can be respectively made so as to cover the entire axial annular surface of the piston spool. However, alternatively, they can also be designed so that they extend radially and/or in the peripheral direction only in part of the axial annular surface of the piston spool and cover it only partially. Preferably, it can be provided that said/said second wear elements form a circumferentially closed ring. However, he or they can in each case also only partially be located in the peripheral direction, without forming a peripherally closed ring. Preferably, however, it is also provided that, at least in the radial region, a wear element of the piston spool is positioned radially in front of each relief opening. The result is less abrasive wear on the piston spool in this dangerous area. This is the preferred embodiment of the invention. Particularly effective wear protection is ensured if the wear ring on the piston spool is designed peripherally closed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and/or second wear elements can be made in the form of plates, in particular arcuate lamellar portions of a ring which is otherwise preferably made flat on at least one side. In this case, they can preferably be in the form of circular annular segments. The result is a low cost of manufacturing wear protection elements, without a large amount of waste. Circular annular segments may complement each other to form a closed circle or ring. They can in each case be located on the periphery next to each other. In this case, each circular annular element is not closed in the peripheral direction and preferably less than 360°, in particular less than 180° or even less than 90°.

Moreover, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, these several wear elements together with one (if, for example, two semicircles form a ring) or, if applicable, two adjacent wear elements (if, for example, three or more circular annular segments form a ring) have in each case a common butt edge. In this way, a joint is formed between two adjacent or adjacent butt edges.

In one of the embodiments, the implementation of the corresponding joint or all joints may be completely or partially radial. Preferably, however, it does not extend wholly or partly radially, but with an inclination through an angle α in the direction of rotation of the drum. This prevents the radially escaping solid from following the course of the joint and destroying it. Since the direction of the outgoing solid substantially intersects the course of the joint at an angle α, fracture of the joint is minimized.

The corresponding joint, or all joints, can also have an undulating or zigzag contour, so that adjacent wear elements are arranged or may be arranged in a positively interlocking manner in the circumferential direction.

As a result, the radially escaping abrasive solid particles do not directly follow the joint formed by the respective joint edge between the two wear elements, but are preferably slowed down by the undulating or zigzag course of the joint edge and thus cannot further expand or abrade the joint. At the same time, the wavy or zigzag shape of the butt edge also ensures that abrasive active particles of the solid substance get stuck in the joint, due to which a more effective protection of the butt edge from additional abrasive broadening of the joint is achieved.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the butt edge in each case has an alternating row of one or more corner pieces. Thanks to this, it is easy to form a wavy or zigzag course of the butt edge.

Solid matter that has penetrated into the joint is slowed down by the corner part and further flow is prevented. The solid material thus collected closes the joint, thereby effectively protecting the joint edge from further abrasion widening of the joint.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the opening direction of the angle α is oriented in the direction of rotation of the drum. Since the outgoing solid is decelerated against the direction of rotation, the angle α in the direction of rotation facilitates the intersection of the outgoing solid and the joint.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first wear elements and the second wear elements are designed so that each protrudes into the interior of the drum a certain distance radially above the inner edge of the top of the drum or piston valve.

Due to this, despite the open outlet(s), solid matter still remains on the inside of the wear elements and thus on the inside surface of the piston spool or on the inside surface of the drum top. Solid matter slides over this residual layer during further emptyings. As a result, the surfaces of the top of the drum or piston valve are additionally protected from abrasion, as an adherent layer of solids coats the surfaces, providing the desired protective effect.

Other preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are given in the dependent claims.

The invention is further described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiment disclosed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a centrifuge which can be operated according to the method according to the invention;

fig. 2 shows in a) an enlarged fragment of the drum in the region of the outlet with the outlet closed and in b) an enlarged fragment of FIG. 2a) with an open outlet;

fig. 3 shows in a) an embodiment of the invention and in FIG. b) an enlarged fragment from FIG. 3a) with an open outlet;

fig. 4 is a plan view of the open outlet of FIG. 3a) or 3b), the top of the drum is not shown.

In FIG. 1 shows a centrifuge - here in the form of a separator - for purifying the solids-containing fluid feedstock AP from solids using a rotating drum 1 with a vertical axis D of rotation. Processing of the original product AP is carried out in a continuous process.

The separator shown here is an automatic emptying separator. This means that the supply of the slurry to be purified or the feedstock to be purified AP is carried out continuously, while the removal of at least one purified liquid phase, called the pure phase CR, is also continuous. On the contrary, the centrifuge bowl 1 in its embodiment as an automatic emptying separator has intermittent solids discharge, in which the solid F separated from the feedstock AP by cleaning is removed intermittently by opening and closing back one or more outlets 2.

The rotating drum 1 has a drum bottom 3 and a drum top 4. Here the drum 1 is surrounded by a casing 5 located at a distance from it and not rotating during operation. In this case, the drum 1 is mounted on a drive spindle 6 mounted for rotation and actuation by a drive motor. The rotating parts together form a rotating system, including the drum 1 and the drive spindle 6. The rotating system during operation rotates in the direction U of rotation.

The drum 1 has a product receiver 7, through which the original product AR is fed into the drum 1. There is also at least one outlet 8 - equipped with a grapple - which serves to remove the pure phase RR from the drum 1. The grapple, also called the separating disk, is made here in the form centripetal pump. Release 8 may be implemented in other ways or means. In addition, in addition to purification, it is possible to provide for the separation of the original product AR into two liquid phases of different densities. An additional fluid outlet will be required for this purpose. The drum can be made with or without a hermetic seal.

Preferably, the drum 1 has a tray stack 9 consisting of axially spaced separating trays. Between the outer periphery of the package 9 plates and the inner periphery of the drum 1 in the region of its largest diameter formed by the storage chamber 10 of solids. The solids separated from the pure phase RC in the area of the tray stack 9 are collected in a solids storage chamber 10 from which the solids F can be discharged from the drum 1 through one or more outlets 2.

In this case, the outlet(s) 2 can be opened and closed by means of a piston valve 11, which is located in the lower part 3 of the drum and can move in it parallel to the axis of rotation (in particular, vertically). When the opening(s) 2 is open, the solid F is discharged from the drum 1 into the trap 12 of the solid.

To move the piston spool 11 drum 1 has a drive mechanism. In this case, it has at least one supply line 22 for a control fluid, such as water or a pure phase KP, and a valve block 23 in the drum 1, and additional elements outside the drum 1. Thus, the supply of control fluid is possible through located outside the drum 1 metering unit 24 for a control fluid hydraulic line 25 located outside the drum 1, so that the control fluid can be introduced into the drum 1 to withdraw the solid F by opening the valve block 23 or, conversely, the supply of the control fluid can be interrupted for the respective moving the piston spool 11 to open the outlet(s) 2.

On the drive spindle 6 and/or the drum 1 may be located at least one sensor device 26, designed to determine the instantaneous value of the speed of the drive spindle 6 or the instantaneous speed of the drum 1 or the rotating system of the centrifuge. A sensor device 27 may be provided to determine the volume/time of flow or one or more parameters such as the mass/time of the original product AP to be fed into the drum 1, on the receiver 7 of the product or in the area of this receiver 7 of the original product into the drum 1. This is preferred, but not required.

The sensor devices 26, 27 are connected via data lines 28, 29 to an evaluation and control unit 30 (preferably a centrifuge control computer) which evaluates the measured values and controls or adjusts the piston spool 11 and thus also the time interval up to opening the outlet(s) 2. The drive mechanism for the piston spool 11 - here in particular the metering unit 24 - can be connected via a data line 31 to an evaluation and control unit 30, also having a program mode for controlling and / or adjusting the outlet solid. The dosing unit 24 can be made, for example, in accordance with DE 102005049941 A1. In this case, preferably, an additional controlled device 32 - for example, a controlled valve - can be connected to the receiver 7 of the product, with which the volumetric flow at the supply can be changed, in order to change the amount of input flow or the current input volume V _AP of the initial product AP to be processed per unit time. This controlled device 32 is connected to the control unit 30 via a data line 33 .

The aforementioned data lines 28, 29, 31, 33 ensure the transmission of data from and to the evaluation and control unit. They can in each case be implemented as wires or wireless connections.

Fig. 2a is an enlarged detail of a part of drum 1 showing in section the outlet(s) 2. It also shows the radially outer region of the inner space of the drum in which solid matter F has collected radially inward in front of the outlet 2 shown here.

The piston spool 11 is made conically toroidal - and preferably also annular - and is made with the possibility of directed axial movement in the lower part 3 of the drum. In the upper position, it rests with its upper axial annular surface 11a against the corresponding lower axial annular surface 4a of the bottom part 4 of the drum or against a seal located in this axial annular surface. If it moves to the bottom position - see fig. 2a and 2b, an annular gap RS is formed between these two axial annular surfaces 11a, 4a.

On the outer periphery of the piston spool 11 has a seal 13 (sealing ring), which seals the peripheral gap between the outer periphery of the piston spool 11 and the inner periphery of the lower part 3 of the drum.

In addition, the upper part 4 of the drum has on its lower axial annular surface 4a a groove 15 into which a sealing ring 14 is inserted. It further seals the annular gap RS in the position in which the piston valve 11 closes this annular gap RS.

To prevent abrasive wear of the outlet(s) 2 when discharging the solid F through the outlet(s) 2, the upper part 4 of the drum has, on its lower axial annular surface 4a facing the annular gap RS, at least one, two or more first wear protection elements 16.

It can be provided that the upper part 4 of the drum has a stepped section or an annular gap 4b into which these first wear elements 16 are positively inserted. The annular gap 4b can be dimensioned and made in such a way that the first wear elements 16 form an axially flush surface with the separating surface 4 of the axial annular surface 4a not covered by the wear elements 16. it is provided that the annular lumen 4b extends up to the groove 15 into which the seal 14 is inserted.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first wear elements 16 can be configured to protrude into the interior of the drum 1 by a (certain) distance radially above the inner edge of the drum top 4. As a result, despite the discharge of the solid F, there always remains a residual amount of this solid F in the drum in front of the described edge, which acts as a protective layer on the upper part 4 of the drum. The solid F slides over this residual layer on subsequent discharges, which reduces the destruction of said surface at the top of the drum.

As an alternative or option, it can be provided that the piston spool 11 has on its upper axial annular surface 11a facing the annular gap RS at least one, two or more second wear elements 17.

These second wear elements 17 may be designed to cover the entire axial annular surface 11a of the piston spool. Alternatively, they can also be designed so as to extend radially over only part of the axial annular surface 11a and only partially cover it.

It can be provided that at the top the piston spool has a stepped annular gap 11b with an outer peripheral edge 18 into which the second wear elements 17 are inserted. behind the rest, not covered by wear protection elements 17, dividing surface 11 from the upper axial annular surface 11a of the piston spool 11. Thus, in the closed position, only the first and second wear protection elements 16, 17 are adjacent to each other in the axial direction. As a result, the annular gap RS can continue to be closed in this region.

In this case, the second wear elements 17 are designed in such a way that they are adjacent to the peripheral edge 18. The second wear elements 17 can also protrude into the interior of the drum 1 for a certain distance radially above the inner edge of the piston spool 11. As a result, despite the discharge of the solid substance F , there is always a residual amount of this solid F in the drum in front of the indicated edge, which acts as a protective layer on the piston spool 11. The solid F slides over this residual layer during subsequent discharges, which reduces the destruction of said surface in the piston spool 11.

The first and second wear elements 16, 17 may be made of lamellar so that they can be of low manufacturing cost and easy to install.

When the outlet(s) 2 are closed, the first wear elements 16 preferably come into contact with the second wear elements 17.

In this case, the seal 14 is located on the second wear protection elements 17 and thus seals the interior of the drum 1 relative to the outlet(s) 2.

Fig. 2b shows the outlet(s) 2 in the open position. Two areas can be seen in the interior of the drum 1 to which the solid F still adheres despite the open outlet(s) 2. The solid F slides over this residual layer on subsequent discharges. This is advantageous because said surfaces of the drum top 4 or piston valve 11 are further protected from abrasion, since an adherent layer of solids coats the surfaces and provides a useful protective effect.

The preferred adhesion of the solid F is achieved by means of edges protruding a certain distance into the interior of the drum 1, said first lamellar wear element(s) 16 and said second lamellar wear element(s) 17.

In FIG. 3a depicts an alternative embodiment of the invention. In contrast to the variant of FIG. 2a or 2b, it is provided here that (only) the second lamellar wear elements 17 cover the entire end of the piston valve 11 on the outlet side or the entire axial annular surface 11a. In this case, the second lamellar wear-protective elements 17 are fixed in the radial direction with positive locking by the annular protrusion 19, 20 formed respectively by the piston spool 11 and the second lamellar wear-protective elements 17.

Fig. 3b shows the outlet(s) in an open position. Two areas can be seen in the interior of the drum 1 to which the solid F still adheres despite the open outlet(s) 2. The preferred adhesion of the solid F is achieved by the edges protruding a certain distance into the interior of the drum 1 indicated the first lamellar wear element(s) 16 and said second lamellar wear element(s) 17. Thus, the involved surfaces of the upper part 4 of the drum or the piston spool 11 are further protected from abrasion, since an adherent layer of solids coats the surfaces, providing a useful protective effect.

In FIG. 4 shows how the second plate wear elements 17 are located along the periphery of the axial end of the piston spool 11.

By analogy, the following applies to the first wear protection elements 16 located along the periphery of the upper part 4 of the drum (not shown here).

In order to be able to follow the contour of the piston spool 11 or the upper part 4 of the drum, the wear protection elements are in the form of circular annular segments. Thus, when arranged in a row, they form a circular ring. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the wear elements 17 is low without a large amount of waste.

Each wear protection element 17, together with correspondingly adjacent wear protection elements 17, has butt edges 21.

The joint edge 21 is designed in such a way that, starting from the point T of contact formed by the first radial R1 with the arc of the periphery of the end of the piston valve 11 from the side of the outlet, the joint edge 21 follows the first radial R1, thus forming at least one first radial part r1 . Adjacent to the first radial part r1 is at least one first corner part w1 passing at an angle α to the first radial part r1.

In this case, the joint edge 21 is designed so that each subsequent radial part r is part of the next radial R, passing through the corresponding end point E of the previous corner part w or parallel to the first radial R1.

In the example of the seam edge 21 of FIG. 4, the joint edge 21 respectively has three radial parts r1, r2, r3 and two corner parts w1, w2. The number of radial parts r and angular parts w may differ from the specified.

The length of the respective parts r, w is obtained from the length of the joint edge 21 and the choice of the magnitude and direction of opening - here in the clockwise direction - of the angle α and is therefore variable in each case, with the joint edge 21 having at least two corner pieces being preferred. w.

Thus, the seam edge 21 has in each case an alternating row of one or more radial parts r and corner parts w.

The respective joint edge 21 has in each case an undulating or zigzag contour, so that adjacent wear elements 17 can be arranged in a form-fitting row.

As a result, the outgoing radially abrasive solid particles do not follow the joint which is formed by the respective joint edge 21 between the two wear elements 17, but are preferably slowed down by the undulating or zigzag course of the joint edge 21 and thus cannot further widen or abrade the joint.

The wavy or zigzag shape of the seam edge 21 furthermore ensures that abrasive particles of solids are trapped in the seam, resulting in an additional advantageous protection of the seam edge 21 from further abrasive widening of the seam.

Wear protection elements 16, 17 are made of hard wear-resistant material. At the same time, the choice of material is limited due to the centrifugal forces acting on them, therefore, technical ceramics or hard metal are preferable.

Wear protection elements 16, 17 are fixed on the piston spool 11 or on the upper part 4 of the drum in each case by means of a permanent connection. Preferred connection methods are welding, soldering or gluing.

List of reference symbols

1 drum

2 outlet

3 lower part of the drum

4 drum top

4a axial annular surface

4b annulus

4c dividing surface

5 casing

6 drive spindle

7 product receiver

Issue 8

9 pack of plates

10 solids collection chamber

11 piston spool

11a axial annular surface

11b annulus

11c dividing surface

12 solids trap

13 seal

14 seal

15 groove

16 wear element

17 wear element

District 18

19 collar

20 collar

21 butt edges

22 supply line

23 valve block

24 dosing unit

25 hydraulic line

26 touch device

27 touch device

28 data line

29 data line

30 control unit

31 data lines

32 managed device

33 data line

KP pure phase

AR original product

F solid

D axis of rotation

RS annular gap

R, R1, R2 radial

R, r1, r2, r3 radial part

T touch point

E end point

w, w1 corner piece

α angle

U direction of rotation.

Claims (21)

1. A centrifuge designed to purify the fluid starting product (AR) from solids F in it during continuous operation in a centrifugal field in a rotating drum (1), moreover, the drum (1) has an upper part (4) of the drum and a lower part (3 ) of the drum, while the upper part (4) of the drum or the lower part (3) of the drum has a movable piston valve (11), by means of which it is possible to open or close the outlets (2) in the drum (1), moreover, one or more abrasion protection wear elements characterized by one or both of the following features a) or b) and feature c): a) the drum has two or more first wear protection elements (16) on the axial annular surface (4a) of the upper part (4) of the drum or the lower part of the drum, while the first wear protection elements (16) are in the form of circular annular segments, and/or b) the piston spool (11) has two or more second wear elements (17) on the corresponding axial annular surface (11a), while the second wear elements (17) are in the form of circular annular segments, c) wherein each of the wear elements (16 or 17) together with one or two respective adjacent wear elements (16 or 17) has a corresponding butt edge (21) to form a joint between adjacent butt edges. 2. Centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and/or second wear elements (16, 17) are designed to cover the entire axial annular surface (4a, 11a) of the component on which they are located. 3. Centrifuge according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and/or second wear elements (16, 17) are designed to cover only part of the axial annular surface (4a, 11a) of the component on which they are located. 4. Centrifuge according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and/or second wear elements (16, 17) are designed to cover only the radial part of the axial annular surface (4a, 11a) of the component on which they are located. 5. Centrifuge according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said first and/or second wear elements (16, 17) are designed to cover only certain peripheral parts of the axial annular surface (4a, 11a) of the component on which they are located , without the formation of a peripherally closed ring. 6. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that said first and/or second wear elements (16, 17) together form a peripherally closed ring. 7. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that said first and/or second wear-protective elements (16, 17) are positioned positively on the component, the surface of which they completely or partially cover. 8. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the component is the upper part (4) of the drum and/or piston valve (11) or both. 9. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the wear-protective elements (16, 17) are made of lamellar. 10. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the upper part (3) of the drum has at least two first wear protection elements (16) and/or the piston spool (11) has at least two second wear protection elements (17). 11. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that said one or more joints extend at least partially radially. 12. The centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that said one or more joints are partially or completely non-radially. 13. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that the corresponding butt edge (21) between two wear elements (16 or 17) has a wavy or zigzag contour so that adjacent wear elements (16 or 17) can be arranged in a row with a positive fit. 14. The centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13, characterized in that the first wear protection elements (16) and the second wear protection elements (17) are made so that each protrudes a certain distance radially beyond the inner edge of the upper part (4) of the drum or piston valve (11) into the inner space of the drum (one). 15. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-14, characterized in that the wear elements (16, 17) are made of hard wear-resistant material. 16. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, characterized in that the wear elements (16, 17) are made of technical ceramics or hard metal. 17. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, characterized in that the wear-protective elements (16, 17) are each fixed on the piston spool (11) or on the upper part (4) of the drum by means of a permanent connection. 18. Centrifuge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-17, characterized in that a package (9) of plates is located in the drum (1) and/or it has a vertical axis (D) of rotation.

Images