RU2767046C1 - Modular solar cogeneration plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: use in the field of electric power engineering. Modular solar cogeneration plant consists of a solar thermal collector with a flat metal absorber, supply and discharge pipelines, a storage tank, a circulation pump, a modular photovoltaic panel, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the absorber. According to the invention, the photovoltaic panel can be detached from the absorber, to which it is attached by means of clamp-type clamps. Photovoltaic panel is displaced by means of hinges in a plane parallel to the absorber, and is used simultaneously with it to change the ratio between the amount of heat and electric energy generated by the installation.

EFFECT: high efficiency of converting solar radiation by a photo panel while reducing its temperature by a heat carrier.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of solar technology and is intended for the supply of agricultural and individual facilities with thermal and electrical energy.

Known solar power plant, a solar module and a combined solar power plant based on it, including a concentrator in the focus of which is a photovoltaic solar energy converter with connection contacts, electric and thermal energy storage batteries and a liquid-flow heat removal system, while the photovoltaic converter is made in the form of a hollow tube of heat-conducting material on the outer surface of which a semiconductor structure is applied and inside which the coolant circulates, as well as a combined solar power plant, including the above solar modules [RF patent RU 2455584, F24J2/42, H01L31/00 Solar module and a combined solar power plant based on it from 10.07.2012 Bull. No. 19].

The disadvantage of this solar power plant is the presence of a concentrator that requires tracking the sun, a tube of heat-conducting material coated with a semiconductor structure. These factors complicate the design and increase the cost with low efficiency.

Known multifunctional solar collector for converting the electromagnetic radiation of the Sun into thermal and electrical energy, containing a monolithic body of heat-insulating material, a transparent fence and located in the body of the absorber [RU 2388974, F24J 2/04, 10.05.2010], while the absorber can be made with selective coating applied to the front side facing the transparent fence and can be equipped with photovoltaic cells.

The disadvantage of this collector is a rather bulky design.

Known solar power station containing solar panels with modular mirror concentrators of solar energy, placed on a supporting structure, equipped with a tracking system for the sun, receiving radiation photovoltaic converters with electric energy storage units, circulation heat transfer circuits for cooling photovoltaic converters and generating heat [RU 2382953 , F24J 2/42, 02/27/2010]. Photovoltaic converters are two-sided semiconductor structures with vertical p-n junctions that are located at the focus of mirror concentrators in coolant-filled cases with transparent windows, while the coolant is transparent for photoactive radiation and not transparent for non-photoactive radiation, and mirror concentrators are additionally equipped with planar solar panels, installed in the central zone of the entrance aperture of mirror concentrates.

In the known device, solar energy enters the photovoltaic converter through a housing filled with coolant, equipped with transparent windows.

The disadvantage is that the working element is in the coolant, and it is quite difficult to ensure and maintain its transparency. In addition, the known device has large dimensions and weight, as well as the presence of hubs that complicate the design.

Known hot water solar plant, the operation of which is based on the thermosiphon effect using a temperature difference, containing a solar thermal collector, a storage tank located above it, a direct pipeline that supplies water from the collector to the tank, a return pipeline that drains water from the tank to the collector, a float, located in the tank, a hot water drain pipe and a flow regulator, and at least a section of the straight pipeline is made flexible and its end is attached to the float (RF patent RU 2006757, Solar hot water plant dated 10.07.1991).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention include flow type solar water heaters containing a solar thermal collector, a pipeline through which liquid enters the collector, a pipeline through which liquid flows from the collector to the storage tank, a flow controller is included in one of the pipelines , made in the form of a throttle with a variable flow area (Tanaka S, Suda R. Residential buildings with autonomous solar heating. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1989, p. 88, Fig. 3.1, e) and (Systems of solar heat and cold supply / PP Avezov, M.A. Barsky-Zorin, I.M. Vasiliev, etc., edited by E.V. Sarantsky and S.A. Chistovich, M: Stroyizdat, 1990, 328 p., ill., p. 159, Fig. 6.6, a).

The disadvantage of such installations is that the throttle does not allow automatically adjusting the fluid flow depending on the change in solar radiation coming to the receiving surface of the solar thermal collector, and also that the installation is used only for the production of thermal energy, and there is no possibility of using the incoming solar radiation for electricity generation.

A cogeneration photovoltaic thermal system is known, in which a photovoltaic thermal module located at a level below the solar thermal collector and connected in series with it provides thermal and electrical energy in the mode of natural circulation of the coolant with circulation control using a solenoid valve (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2509268, Cogeneration photovoltaic thermal system from 10.03.2014).

The disadvantage of this design is the reduced efficiency compared to plants with forced circulation.

An invention is known that includes a concentrator, in the focus of which is a photovoltaic solar energy converter, with contacts for connecting batteries of electric and thermal energy storage devices and a liquid-flow heat removal system, while the photovoltaic converter is made in the form of a hollow tube of heat-conducting material, on the outer surface of which a semiconductor structure and within which the coolant circulates.

The disadvantage is the curvilinear surface of the photopanel, which limits the types of modules used, as well as the presence of a concentrator, which increases the cost of installation and leads to a strong increase in the temperature of the photocells (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2455584, Solar module and a combined solar power plant based on it dated 10.07.2012).

The closest to the proposed installation is an invention that describes a method for the production of combined solar panels and the panels themselves, produced using the above method (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2427766, Method for the production of combined solar panels of photovoltaic and thermal type and the corresponding solar panel dated 17.04.2008 ), which differs from the installation proposed by the applicant in the absence of modularity and the need to use high-tech equipment for assembling a photovoltaic thermal module.

The objective of the invention is the production of electrical and thermal energy, as well as increasing the efficiency of converting solar radiation by a photopanel compared to a conventional photovoltaic module while reducing its temperature with a coolant circulating through the channels of the solar collector absorber and while maintaining the modularity of the electrical and thermal parts of the installation.

As a result of using the proposed invention, it becomes possible to use the produced electrical and thermal energy to supply individual and agricultural consumers and for various social infrastructure facilities.

The inventive level of the technical solution lies in the fact that a modular solar cogeneration plant can operate in two modes: cogeneration plant mode, in which the photopanel is pressed against the solar collector absorber through a thermal interface, and in an independent mode, in which the photopanel is shifted using special hinges and is located in the plane parallel to the plane of the absorber without obscuring it. In the first mode, the photopanel is cooled by the coolant circulating in the channels of the absorber, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of solar light conversion by photocells, however, in this case, the thermal performance of the solar collector drops by approximately 10%. In independent mode, the photopanel operates without forced cooling, and its temperature rises by 12-14°C, but the thermal performance of the installation increases.

The problem is solved by the fact that a modular solar cogeneration plant consisting of at least one solar thermal collector with a flat metal absorber, inlet and outlet pipelines connected to a thermally insulated storage tank in which there is a heat exchanger of a dual-circuit hydraulic hot water system, a circulation pump, a modular photovoltaic a panel, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the absorber, consisting of glass with a low iron content and including photovoltaic cells sealed with an optically transparent silicone sealant, soldered into a solar battery, as well as support legs to support the design of the conergeter device, which is characterized by modularity, consisting in that the photovoltaic panel can be detached from the absorber, to which it is attached using clamp-type clamps, and shifted with the help of hinges in a plane parallel to the absorber and used simultaneously about with him to change the ratio between the amount of thermal and electrical energy produced by the installation.

In FIG. 1 shows a solar thermal collector with exhaust pipes and a modular photovoltaic panel.

In FIG. 2 shows the vertical structure of a thermal photovoltaic module.

In FIG. 3 shows the experimental setup.

In FIG. 4 shows the results of field tests of a modular solar cogeneration plant.

The device contains a solar thermal collector 1 (Fig. 1), with a flat metal absorber, inlet and outlet pipelines 2 (Fig. 1), which are connected to a thermally insulated storage tank 3 (Fig. 3), which may contain a heat exchanger of a dual-circuit hydraulic system hot water supply 4 (Fig. 3), circulation pump 5 (Fig. 3), modular photovoltaic panel 6 (Fig. 1), the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the absorber 7 (Fig. 2), consisting of glass 8 (Fig. 2) with a low iron content and sealed with an optically transparent silicone sealant photocells 9 (Fig. 2), soldered into a solar battery, as well as support legs to support the structure 10 (Fig. 4).

Thermal insulation of pipelines with thermal insulation and thermal insulation of the absorber in the box 11 (Fig. 2) of the solar collector with one-sided foil foam 12 (Fig. 2) prevents heat loss, increases the temperature of the absorber and leads to better heat transfer from the absorber to the coolant.

The photocells of the solar battery 9 (Fig. 2) are laid out on a special glass 8 (Fig. 2) in soldered form and filled with transparent silicone sealant 13 (Fig. 2), for example, Silagerm-2106. At the same time, a completely smooth layer of hardened sealant is formed on the inside of the photopanel 6 (Fig. 1), which is covered with a thin layer of thermal paste KPT-8 14 (Fig. 2) and pressed against the solar collector absorber 7 (Fig. 2) using clamp-type clamps 15 (FIG. 2).

The modular solar cogeneration plant works as follows. In the cogeneration mode, with a photopanel 6 installed on the absorber (Fig. 1), the incident solar radiation is absorbed by photocells 9 (Fig. 2) and partly turns into electricity, and partly goes to heat the photopanel 6 (Fig. 1). Further, the heat is transferred to the solar collector absorber 7 (Fig. 2), and from it through the heat exchange pipes 16 (Fig. 2), the circulation in which is provided by the pump 5 (Fig. 3), is transferred to the coolant and enters the heat-insulated storage tank 3 ( Fig. 3) from which heat can be taken both directly (in a single-circuit system) and through the internal heat exchanger 4 (Fig. 3) (in a double-circuit system). The electrical energy generated by the solar panel 6 (Fig. 1) can be used both for the installation's own needs (for the operation of the circulation pump 5 (Fig. 3)), and directly for consumers or for charging batteries.

The experimental setup shown in Fig. 4 contains a solar thermal collector 1 (Fig. 4) with a flat metal absorber, inlet and outlet heat-insulated pipelines 2 (Fig. 4) that are connected to a heat-insulated storage tank 3 (Fig. 4), a circulation pump 5 (Fig. 4), providing the supply of coolant, a modular photovoltaic panel 6 (Fig. 4) whose dimensions coincide with the dimensions of the absorber, consisting of glass 8 (Fig. 2) with a low iron content and sealed with optically transparent silicone sealant photocells 9 (Fig. 2), soldered into the solar battery 6 (Fig. 4), as well as support posts 10 (Fig. 4) to support the structure.

The results of field tests of the solar cogeneration plant are shown in Fig. 5. For comparison, two experimental days were selected, coinciding in weather conditions and insolation. The thermal efficiency of a cogeneration plant is slightly lower than that of a classic solar collector at the beginning of the day, when the temperature of the absorber is still relatively low, but as the plant warms up, the thermal efficiency of a hybrid collector begins to exceed that of a classic absorber without glazing due to an increase in heat transfer resistance from its front side. The overall electrical and thermal efficiency of the cogeneration plant exceeds the classic solar collector by 7% to 22%, depending on the temperature of the collector and the coolant in the storage tank.

Claims (3)

1. Modular solar cogeneration plant, consisting of at least one solar thermal collector with a flat metal absorber, inlet and outlet pipelines connected to a thermally insulated storage tank, in which there is a heat exchanger of a double-circuit hydraulic hot water system, a circulation pump, a modular photovoltaic panel, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the absorber, consisting of glass with a low iron content and including photocells sealed with an optically transparent silicone sealant, soldered into a solar battery, as well as support posts to support the design of the cogeneration device, characterized in that the photovoltaic panel is made with the possibility of detaching from the absorber , to which it is attached using clamp-type clamps, as well as shifting with the help of hinges into a plane parallel to the absorber, and using it simultaneously to change the ratio between du the amount of thermal and electrical energy produced by the installation. 2. Modular solar cogeneration plant according to claim 1, characterized by natural circulation of the coolant in the hydraulic circuit of the solar collector. 3. Modular solar cogeneration plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the presence of an additional translucent fence that prevents heat loss from the front surface of the installation.

Images