RU2766052C1 - Method of topographic survey of area and topographic complex means for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: survey.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to geodesy and can be used in development and restoration of geodetic networks and surveying cadastral areas. Terrain topographic survey method includes terrain points comparison with sighting targets, deployment in their visibility zone with a movable chassis with a geodetic device stabilized by jacks, geodesic cross-section of sighting targets and recalculation of results of cross-over of sighting targets into coordinates of points matched with them. Geodetic device with electronic reading devices, servo drives and optical-electronic sighting device is fixed on the distal assembly of the lifting mechanism mounted on the movable chassis, distal unit with a modem for communication with peripheral devices is moved to a height sufficient for the geodetic device to mark sighting targets; from a remote computer unit, the geodetic device is oriented and the sighting target is notched with the help of the latter. Topographic complex device on a movable chassis with a platform stabilized by jacks, equipped with a lifting mechanism and a geodetic instrument on a tribrach, contains an electronic computing unit for controlling orientation of a geodetic instrument and its sighting of sighting targets, communication modems of an electronic computing unit with electronic reading devices and servo drives of a tribrach and a geodesic device with an optical-electronic sighting device. Geodesic device on the tribrach is placed on the distal assembly of the lifting mechanism, which is rigidly connected to the movable chassis, and the electronic computing unit with the modem is placed outside the distal assembly of the lifting mechanism. In a special case, a hexopod is used on a topographic complex device, which is equipped with a board for placing a geodetic device on it and having both linear and angular degrees of freedom.

EFFECT: shorter time for topographic survey, as well as high quality of topographic survey.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of geodesy and can be used in the development (restoration) of geodetic networks created to solve the problems of navigation, cadastre, research of modern movements of the earth's crust, etc.

At present, in topographic surveys of the terrain, signal receivers of existing global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are almost always used, see descriptions for patents US 9541392 B2 02/07/2017, US 20040030571 A1. 12/12/2004, US 20200240784 A1. 07/30/2020.

However, in the polar regions of the planet, navigation spacecraft are observed only near the horizon and even hide behind it, which limits the accuracy of geodetic determinations, although the need for topographic surveys of the area remains, for example, due to movements of the earth's crust. Such movements are caused by permafrost melting, landslides, etc. In addition, due to man-made impacts, some points may be lost and their restoration is required.

Even if the signals of global navigation satellite systems are unavailable, geodetic determinations can be made by classical geodetic methods, for example, using the means of a mobile navigation and geolocation complex, see patent RU 2444451 C2 10.03.2012.

This invention solves the problem of achieving a technical result, which consists in creating a mobile complex, and not in improving the quality and productivity of topographic surveys of the area. Similar solutions are known from patents (RU2423720 C1 10.07.2011, RU2423720 C1 10.07.2011, RU2567865 C1 10.11.2015, RU2601494 C1 10.12.2016, RU2724120 C1 22.06.2020, WO2012110635 08/23/2012 and US20180135969 A1 17.05.2018).

Comparatively productive, but not sufficiently accurate, the task of topographic surveys of the terrain can be solved when performing observations from an unmanned aerial vehicle or from a platform placed on the roof of a car while they are moving, see RF patent RU2650051 C2 19.01.2016 and US patent US5421096 dated 06.06. 1995

When the operator moves along the platform with a geodetic instrument, it loses stability, which negatively affects the accuracy of geodetic determinations. Partially, this drawback eliminates the technical solution according to the patent RU 2251074 C2 27.04.2005 "Device for topographic survey of the area."

This technical solution assumes the presence of a movable additional floor above the platform with a geodetic instrument on the roof of the vehicle, within which the operator moves. The floor is fixed on four vertical rods connected to hydraulic cylinders, which are attached to a rigid frame mounted on the front and rear axles of the vehicle. This circumstance does not guarantee the stability of the position of the geodetic instrument when the operator moves around it. The design of the "Device for topographic survey of the terrain" according to patent RU 2251074 C2 is quite complicated, the operator himself is on the roof of the car and is not protected in bad weather. The control of the geodetic instrument is not automated, which negatively affects the productivity of topographic surveys.

The objectives of the invention "Method of topographic survey of the area and a complex topographic tool for its implementation" is to reduce the time spent on this type of work, improve their quality while providing better protection of the operator from the weather.

The essence of the method of topographic survey of the terrain lies in the fact that sighting targets are compared with geodetic points fixed by reference points of geodetic networks, or simply characteristic points of topographic objects. A movable platform with a geodetic instrument is deployed in the visibility zone of sighting targets. The coordinate systems of the geodetic instrument and sighting targets are linked to geodetic points by aligning the vertical axis with a plumb line passing through the center of the geodetic point (point). A similar operation is performed with respect to sighting targets (remotely or directly), and during geodetic detection of sighting targets, the device determines the coordinates of their points by elements measured or built on them, or at starting points, see GOST 22268 76.

At the final stage of the topographic survey of the area, the results of sighting targets fixed on the machine data carrier are mathematically processed to obtain the adjusted values of the coordinates of geodetic points.

The proposed modernized method of topographic survey of the terrain includes placing a geodetic instrument with an optical-electronic sight and a tribrach on the distal node of the lifting mechanism, rigidly connected to the movable chassis, and moving this node with a geodetic device on a tribrach, which are equipped with electronic readout devices, servo drives to a height sufficient for serif sighting purposes. The orientation of the geodetic instrument and the detection of sighting targets with its help is carried out from an electronic computing unit located outside the distal node of the lifting mechanism and equipped with a modem for communication with electronic readout devices, servo drives of the geodetic instrument and tribrach.

A topographic complex tool on a movable chassis, equipped with a lifting mechanism and a geodetic device on a tribrach, is proposed to be equipped with an electronic computing unit, modems for communication of this unit with a geodetic device on a tribrach, located on the distal node of the lifting mechanism, rigidly connected to the movable chassis. It is on the distal node of the lifting mechanism that a geodetic instrument with an optoelectronic sight and a tribrach are placed, equipped with electronic reading devices and servo drives and communication modems with an electronic computer remote control unit, spatial orientation of the geodetic instrument and geodetic notch of target targets.

The electronic computing unit itself will be placed outside the distal node of the lifting mechanism so that it is convenient to work with it.

When implementing a specific execution of a topographic complex tool, the basic geodetic instrument can be a robotic total station, the basic tribrach is a hexapod with a board for placing a geodetic instrument having 6 degrees of freedom.

Figure 1 (Fig. 1) shows the layout of the proposed topographic complex tool. Figure 2 (fig. 2) shows on a larger scale the distal assembly of the lifting mechanism that this tool is equipped with. Figure 3 (Fig. 3) shows the lifting mechanism itself with its distal assembly.

The topographic complex tool is formed on the platform 1 of the car 2 with a lifting mechanism 3 placed on the platform 1 and a remotely remote electronic computing tool 4 with a display 5 (Fig. 1).

The electronic computing unit can be made mobile, such as a "laptop", for control outside the car 2 via communication lines 6, jacks 7, lifting mechanism 3 and topographic and geodetic equipment distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism. The topographic and geodetic equipment of the distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism 3 includes a tribrach (hexapod) 9 with a board 10 for placing on it a geodetic instrument 11 with an optical-electronic sight. The distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism 3 is additionally equipped with a screen 12 to protect the geodetic instrument from direct sunlight on the rod 13 (Fig. 1-3).

In addition to the tribrach 9 and the geodetic instrument 11, the distal assembly of the lifting mechanism has a compartment 14 for placing batteries or cable power supply systems, communication modems with an electronic computing unit for controlling the orientation of the geodetic instrument 11 and notching sighting targets with it.

The power supply systems themselves, electronic reading devices, servo drives, cable or wired communication modems with an electronic computing unit are not shown in the figures (Fig. 1-3). The distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism 3 can be powered from batteries or via wires 15 (Fig. 3).

The method of topographic survey of the area is implemented in the following sequence.

On the ground, points are determined whose geodetic coordinates cannot be obtained using signal receivers of global navigation satellite systems and places available for finding a topographic complex tool on them. If necessary, geodetic points are fixed with benchmarks.

After the arrival of a complex tool for conducting topographic surveys of the area at the selected point or geodetic point, the platform 1 of the car 2 and the lifting mechanism placed on it are stabilized (Fig. 1).

This operation is performed by controlling the jacks 7 using an electronic computing tool with a display 5 via communication lines 6, which can be done outside the car if the electronic computing tool 4 is mobile (laptop).

The control of platform alignment relative to the horizon is made possible by electronic reading devices of the geodetic instrument 11 and the tribrach 9.

The standard package of the distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism 3 includes at least one electronic level, which makes available to the operator data on the inclinations of the geodetic instrument relative to the vertical. The operator, in accordance with them, adjusts the position of platform 1 with jacks.

For notching sighting targets, it is necessary that they fall into the field of view of the optoelectronic sight of the geodetic instrument 11 and then displayed on the display 5 of the electronic computer 4 (Fig. 1).

For this purpose, when performing a circular scanning of the terrain with a geodetic device, its distal node 8 is moved vertically by the lifting mechanism 3 until sighting targets available for observation begin to fall into the field of view of the optical-electronic sight.

With the help of electronic computing means, the orientation of the geodetic instrument 11 relative to the plumb line is also performed.

Further, the coordinate system of the geodetic instrument is tied to the standing point of the complex tool for conducting topographic survey of the area by aligning the vertical axis of the spatially oriented coordinate system of the geodetic instrument with a plumb line passing through such a point or the benchmark of the geodetic network. This standard task, for example, can be solved by a theodolite placed outside the car. The presence of a rod 13 for mounting a sunshield on a geodetic instrument of the distal node 8 of the lifting mechanism 3 facilitates the design of the axial points of the rod on the ground, and the angular notch of one of its characteristic points makes it possible to tie the geodetic instrument.

At the final stage of sighting targets, the operator controls its servo drives through the communication lines with the geodetic device, which allows you to turn and tilt the optical-electronic sight when it detects sighting targets.

Such a notch is performed under the operational control of the operator, who observes the sighting targets on the display, and the results of each of the angular and linear notches of the sighting target are recorded in the memory of the electronic computer and displayed on the screen of its display.

When supplying an optical-electronic sight or the geodetic device itself with a laser range finder, both angular and linear sighting of sighting targets can be performed.

Mathematical processing of the results of sighting of sighting targets allows finding the coordinates of geodetic points of the terrain and its objects, compared with sighting targets.

Geodetic points with known coordinates can be used in the development and restoration of geodetic networks, for example, in the polar regions of the planet or cities with high-rise buildings, where the signals of global navigation satellite networks are often unavailable.

Remote determination of the coordinates of objects of cadastral plots is sometimes necessary even if, for some reason, there is no access to such objects, and the processing of materials from air or space remote sensing of the Earth does not give positive results.

Claims (3)

1. A method of topographic survey of the terrain, including a comparison of terrain points with sighting targets, deployment in the zone of their visibility from a movable chassis stabilized by jacks with a geodetic device, geodesic resection of sighting targets and recalculation of the results of the detection of sighting targets into the coordinates of the points associated with them, characterized in that that a geodetic instrument with electronic reading devices, servo drives and an optoelectronic sight is fixed on the distal node of the lifting mechanism installed on a movable chassis, the distal node with a modem for communication with peripheral devices is moved to a height sufficient for the geodetic device to detect sighting targets from a remotely placed electronically -computing unit controls the orientation of the geodetic instrument and the notch with the help of the sighting target. 2. A topographic complex tool on a movable chassis with a platform stabilized by jacks, equipped with a lifting mechanism and a geodetic device on a tribrach, characterized in that it contains an electronic computing unit for controlling the orientation of the geodetic device and notching sighting targets with it, communication modems of the electronic computing unit with electronic readout devices and servo drives of the tribrach and the geodesic instrument with an optical-electronic sight, and the geodesic instrument on the tribrach is placed on the distal node of the lifting mechanism, which is rigidly connected to the movable chassis, and the electronic computing unit with the modem is placed outside the distal node of the lifting mechanism. 3. A topographic complex tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the tribrach, like the geodetic instrument, is equipped with electronic readout devices and servo drives, is structurally designed as a hexopod, equipped with a board for placing a geodetic instrument on it and having both linear and angular degrees freedom.

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