RU2764436C1 - Method for purifying water flows and apparatus for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of water.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to physico-chemical technology for purifying water flows. Proposed is a method for purifying water flows, including vortex impacts thereon, wherein purification is conducted by the combined impact on the flows of vortex magnetic fields and vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool, wherein the magnetic impact is generated by oscillation frequencies, with respect whereto the natural oscillations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms are multiple. Also disclosed is an apparatus for purifying water flows.

EFFECT: effective complex purification of water flows.

7 cl, 4 dwg, 2 ex

Description

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to physicochemical technologies for purification of water flows and can be used in the field of clarification and post-treatment of significant volumes of polluted aqueous media, bottom residues and the like.

Pollution of water spaces is one of the key problems of our time. This applies to most regions of the Russian Federation. For example, in the Tula region, as environmental studies show, most of the rivers belong to the classes of "polluted" and "dirty". About 190 million cubic meters of untreated wastewater are discharged into them annually. According to the total indicators of technogenic pollution in the Central Federal District, the Tula region is second only to the capital region. The problem of cleaning up water spaces is becoming a key one for survival.

Known vortex device for water purification [Description of utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 139838, IPC C02F 1/38, publ. 04/27/2014], containing at least one cyclone, each of which, in turn, contains a cylindrical body and a cover interconnected by means of a connection to form an internal cavity, an inlet pipe made tangentially to one of the bodies, and an outlet pipe made along axes of the housings, a device for swirling the flow is installed in the inner cavity, while the device for swirling the flow is rotatable. The operation of the device ensures that eddy gravitational forces are obtained in the flow. The present technology improves water quality through solids precipitation. Disadvantage - the method affects solid impurities and does not clean from fine, colloidal particles.

A device for water purification based on wave energy transformations in the vortex flow of the original liquid medium [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2338573, IPC B01D 17/038, publ. 20.11.2008] and can be used to treat industrial and domestic wastewater, as well as to obtain drinking water from sea and river water. The device includes a cylindrical body, in which a cylindrical reaction chamber and a light source are installed coaxially. Distribution and storage tanks are formed between the housing and the reaction chamber, separated by a sealed partition. Inside the reaction chamber, a frequency-wave filter is coaxially installed in the form of vertical strings evenly spaced around the circumference of the cylinder, or in the form of a grid with a vertical base. On the inside of the filter, a commercial liquid container is formed. By tensioning the filter strings, the resonantly modulated signal is tuned. Thus, the operation of the device ensures the production of vortex gravitational forces in the liquid medium flow. The technical result is to increase the cleaning efficiency. The disadvantage is the complexity of the device, the high cost and complexity of its maintenance.

Known installation process activation [Description of utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 50876, IPC B03C 1/00, publ. 01/27/2006], in which the heating of the initial components to accelerate the course of chemical reactions is carried out directly in the working area due to the kinetic energy of the movement of the needles, which is converted into thermal energy. The needles in the working area move under the action of an external rotating electromagnetic field mainly in a circular orbit. Each needle almost instantly gains its energy level, which is a function of the following parameters: the speed of the needles, the mass and size of the needles, the strength of the electromagnetic field, exposure time, etc. The fundamental element of the invention is an external rotating electromagnetic field and the vortex nature of movement in the working area, t .e. the operation of the device ensures the production of vortex gravitational forces in the flow. In this connection, the invention can also be considered one of the analogues of the claimed technical solutions. The disadvantage of this device is the complexity and laboriousness of setting it up to maintain stable operation.

Known electromagnetic device for water purification [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2102336, IPC C02F 1/48, C02F 103/34, publ. 01/20/1998], containing a housing in which a coil is located, made of concentric spirals, the turns of which are located at a distance from each other with the formation of flow channels for the treated water. The coils of the middle part of the housing are electrically closed. Concentric cylinders can be installed in the housing, and the coil turns are located between the cylinders. The direction of the current in the coil is periodically reversed. This is how magnetic fields are formed. The disadvantage of the device is that before processing, preliminary filtration from mechanical impurities is required.

A device for electromagnetic fluid treatment [Description of the invention to A.S. USSR No. 1414785, IPC C02F 1/48, publ. 1988], in which liquid is supplied through a pipeline and an electromagnetic pulse generator is turned on. The high frequency current flowing through the inductor creates a high frequency field inside it. The liquid supplied through the pipeline flows through the inductor, inside which the intensity of the vortex electric field component has the highest value. After passing through the inductor, water acquires increased activity due to the formation of the necessary magnetic fields. Its structure is improving. The disadvantage of the device is the low efficiency of the electromagnetic processing.

A device for electromagnetic water treatment [Description of the utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 159317, IPC C02F 1/48, C02F 103/34, publ. February 10, 2016], consisting of two halves of a detachable housing connected by a hinge and a latch, and in which two halves of a ferromagnetic core with an inductor coil are placed, which is made on the outer side of the ferromagnetic core. The device is made in the form of a contact group, which closes when the device is mounted on the pipeline. Its work ensures the formation of magnetic fields. The technical solution is designed to improve the structure of water and prevent scale formation. The disadvantage of the device is that the purification of water from coarse and fine suspensions is not provided.

Known technical solutions for the impact on the structure of water resonant vibrations, for example, "Method of dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen and a device for its implementation" [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2409704, IPC C25B1/04, publ. 01/20/2011]. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to physico-chemical technologies of impact on water and makes it possible to reduce the energy intensity of the impact process. In accordance with the invention, the effect on the aqueous electrolyte by an electric field is carried out with the calculated resonant frequency at the harmonics, in relation to which the natural frequency of the water molecule is a multiple. The disadvantage of these technical solutions is the difficulty in industrial implementation when processing large volumes of aqueous media. However, in terms of the approach to the theoretical substantiation and the method for calculating the resonant frequencies affecting the aquatic environment being cleaned, this patent is also an analogue of the claimed group of inventions.

An analysis of methods and devices for vortex gravitational water purification, as well as methods and devices for its magnetic and electromagnetic treatment, shows that their main disadvantages are insufficient efficiency, complexity of devices, high cost and laboriousness of their maintenance, fragmentation of solutions, for example, the structure of water improves and scale formation is prevented. , but cleaning is not provided, as well as low profitability of processes. Despite the often declared universality of methods and devices, in practice, as a rule, it is not possible to implement these declarations. From this we can conclude that the use of methods and devices of each group separately, separately does not contain the potential necessary to effectively solve the tasks - all solutions are half-hearted. In this case, an effective solution means solutions that are complex, low-cost, simple in design and easy to maintain, and, importantly, economically payable.

The complexity of the solution suggests that it may contain components that, individually, do not have the potential for an effective solution, but the combination of which gives the system integrity and ensures the emergence of new advantages and qualities that are not inherent in each component part separately.

The problem solved by the group of inventions, in terms of the method and device for its implementation, and the achieved technical result is to create an effective integrated solution to the problem of purification of water flows.

To solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical result in the method of purification of water flows, including vortex effects on them, purification is carried out by a combined effect on the flows of vortex magnetic fields and vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool, while the magnetic effect is produced by oscillation frequencies, in relation to which natural oscillations hydrogen and oxygen atoms are multiples.

In addition, the gravitational forces of the whirlpool form, starting from the upper level of the water flow.

To solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical result in a device for purifying water flows, including the input of the processed stream, devices for the formation of vortex effects and the output of the purified stream, devices for the formation of vortex effects include devices for generating magnetic fields and eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool, while the device the formation of magnetic fields is located at the inlet of the processed flow, and the device for the formation of vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool is located in front of the outlet of the purified flow and is made in the form of a reactor bowl with a hole in the lower part, while the axis of the input of the processed flow into the device for the formation of vortex gravitational forces is located tangentially to the bowl reactor.

Besides:

- at the inlet of the processed flow there is a flow amplifier made in the form of an intake device;

- the reactor bowl includes at least one valve for removing precipitated impurities;

- the device for purifying water flows is equipped with supports;

- a turbine is installed at the outlet of the purified stream, connected by means of a shaft to a generator located above the reactor bowl.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of a device for purifying water flows in section;

- in Fig. 2 - general view of the device from above in axonometric projection, characterizing the method of purification of water flows;

- in Fig. 3 is a view of the device of FIG. 1 top;

- in Fig. 4 is a view of the device of FIG. 1 in front.

The method of purification of water flows is implemented on the corresponding device, which includes the input 1 of the processed flow, the device 2 for the formation of vortex effects and the output 3 of the purified stream, while the devices 2 for the formation of vortex effects include an apparatus 4 for the formation of magnetic fields and an apparatus 5 for the eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool, moreover, the apparatus 4 for forming magnetic fields is located at least at the inlet 1 of the processed stream, and the apparatus 5 for the formation of vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool is located in front of the outlet 3 of the purified stream and is made in the form of a reactor bowl with an opening 6 in the lower part, while the inlet axis 1 of the processed flow into the apparatus 5 for the formation of vortex gravitational forces is located tangentially to the reactor bowl.

Additionally, at the inlet 1 of the processed stream, a flow amplifier 7 is placed, made in the form of an intake device, the reactor bowl of the apparatus 5 includes at least one valve 8 for removing precipitated impurities, and a turbine 9 is installed at the outlet 3 of the purified stream, connected by means of a shaft 10 with generator 11 located above the reactor bowl of apparatus 5. In addition, the device for purifying water flows is equipped with supports 12.

Said device implements a method for purifying water flows, including vortex effects on them, while purification is carried out by a combined effect on the flows of vortex magnetic fields and vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool, and the magnetic effect is produced by oscillation frequencies, in relation to which the natural vibrations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms are multiples .

Additionally, the gravitational forces of the whirlpool are formed starting from the upper level of the water flow.

Let us analyze the essential features of a group of inventions.

Vortex effects on water flows known from the prior art are carried out either by vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool or by vortex magnetic fields. As has already been shown, the disparate use of the methods and devices of each group does not contain the potential necessary for an effective integrated solution.

In the claimed group of inventions, the method and device are implemented by the combined effect on the flows of eddy magnetic fields and eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool. This made it possible to make the cleaning process complex and efficient, i.e. to comply with such requirements as:

- profitability;

- structural simplicity;

- ease of maintenance;

- the possibility of self-sustaining the operation of the device due to the electricity generated by its own generator;

- the possibility of supplying external consumers with excess electricity;

- the possibility of installation in the channels of rivers, streams, canals, ditches, on the shore in the diversion of the river channel into the sleeve, as well as for cleaning the bottom residues of food, chemical and other industries.

Purified water flows are exposed to magnetic fields with a calculated resonant frequency at harmonics, in relation to which the frequency of natural oscillations of water molecules, as the main component of the medium being cleaned, is a multiple, after which the flows are twisted into a whirlpool. As a result, physicochemical reactions are significantly accelerated in the flows. An effective effect on various impurities of water is carried out and its structure changes. Crystallization centers are formed in the mass of water, particles of impurities are released in the form of dispersed mixtures.

It is also known from observations of nature that when water flows naturally, forming swirls, it purifies itself. A significant contribution to the study of this phenomenon was made by Russian scientists: Pavlovsky N.N. [Collected works in 2 volumes, Moscow, Leningrad, Acad. Sciences of the USSR, 1955-1956] and Kiryukhin V.A. [“General Hydrogeology”, St. Petersburg Mining Institute, St. Petersburg, 2008], who conducted research in the field of structural hydrogeology. There are other researchers who have contributed to the study of problems of hydrogeology - Korotkov A.I., Yakovlev S.V. and etc.

Austrian scientist Schauberger W. ["Water Energy", ed. Yauza, Eksmo, 2007] showed that water can be purified using its natural power and found that the most effective purification occurs at a water temperature of +4°C. At such a temperature and at the same time a cycloid spiral movement, the energy of water increases, the water becomes fresh and alive, oxygen dissolves in it, which stops the oxidative processes of the formation of harmful compounds.

On the other hand, from the point of view of physics and chemistry, it is known that molecular vibrations are one of the main types of intramolecular motion, in which there is a periodic change in the relative arrangement of the nuclei of the atoms that make up the molecule. The water molecule has two stretching vibrations and one deformation [Physical Encyclopedia. T. 2, M .: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1990, p. 405]. In addition, atoms interacting with each other in a condensed medium, which includes liquid and solid states, always acquire an electric charge, turning into positively or negatively charged ions [Physical Encyclopedia. T. 1, M .: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1988, p. 694-695]. Thus, atoms in a condensed medium can be considered as mechanical microoscillators with a certain mass and electric charge.

When exposed to a condensed medium by an alternating electric, electromagnetic or magnetic field, the oscillating ions interact with these fields, forming a mechanical oscillatory system. If the natural frequency of an atom of a chemical element is a multiple of the frequency of the acting alternating field, there is a resonance at the harmonics [Physical Encyclopedia. T. 4, M .: Scientific publishing house "Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1994, p. 308-309]. The kinetic energy of resonating atoms increases, as a result of which the probability of breaking covalent bonds between, for example, hydrogen and oxygen in water increases, the degree of dissociation increases, and with the subsequent combination of hydrogen atoms with oxygen, the probability of isolating a molecule of chemically pure water from the total untreated mass increases.

The device includes an apparatus 5 for generating eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool (reactor) mounted on supports 12. Water is taken from the stream through an intake device 7, adjustable, for example, in angle, height, etc. (conditionally not shown). It is structurally arranged in such a way as to regulate the flow of incoming water flow, for example, from a river. The shape of the intake device 7 makes it possible to increase the flow rate by 3-5 times. The accelerated river flow from the intake device 7 enters the apparatus 4 for the formation of magnetic fields, which is, for example, a solenoid, where the magnetic processing of the incoming flow by the magnetic field of the calculated frequency takes place. The axis of the solenoid is directed to the upper edge of the apparatus 5 for the formation of eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool (reactor bowl) in order to provide torque to the water mass located in the reactor bowl, starting from the upper level of the water flow, which ensures high efficiency. Magnetic treatment of water changes its structure and contributes to the separation of the water flow into fractions, and the charge acquired by water (the formation of ions) contributes to the formation of an additional magnetic field inside the reactor bowl and accelerates the flow inside it.

In the outlet 6 of the lower part of the reactor, an additional funnel-shaped insert 13 can be installed, the upper edge of which is above the plane of the outlet 6. This height difference allows the precipitated fractions to be collected in the lower part of the reactor, which are then removed through the valve 8 for removing precipitated impurities. The valve 8 may operate intermittently as sediment accumulates.

Further, through the outlet 3 of the purified stream, the water enters the stream of the river bed. In this case, the formation of cavitation bubbles and aeration of the water flow occur, which contributes to additional water purification. The bubble formation process can be completed by using a fine filter 14 in the bubble plume. The treated water returning to the river contributes to the clarification of the flow, and the remaining dispersed particles, for example, are removed for subsequent disposal or distributed and deposited along the riverbed along the bottom irregularities, filling them. The bottom is smoothed, which contributes to an increase in the speed of water in the river. This, in turn, improves aeration of the stream, activates biochemical processes, reduces stagnation that occurs in the riverbed, water blooms, the formation of harmful microbial colonies, improves the quality of benthos (organisms in the soil at the bottom of water bodies) and positively affects saprobity (the ability of living organisms live in the water) reservoir.

The device for purifying water flows can be installed in a forced flowing aquatic environment, for example, bottom residues, etc., as well as in a naturally flowing aquatic environment, for example, rivers, streams, canals, ditches, etc. The device can also be used on the shore when the river channel is diverted into a branch. In addition to purifying water flows, electricity is additionally generated. The electricity received from the generator 11 installed in the device makes it possible to use it to ensure the operation of the device itself, as well as for external consumers.

The calculation of the parameters of the magnetic field was carried out using the technique given in the article "Mechanism of influence of modifiers during the structure formation of high-strength cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite" [Kavitsky I.M., Rushanik B.A. and Demidov A.A. The mechanism of influence of modifiers during the structure formation of high-strength cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite // Foundry worker of Russia, 2008. No. 10 pp. 25-29]. The article provides a calculation of the frequencies of natural vibrations of atoms of various elements. This technique was applied to calculate the natural frequencies of vibrations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the composition of water. We determined the frequency with respect to which the natural frequency of vibrations of hydrogen atoms relative to oxygen atoms is a multiple. It is equal to 9.735×10 ¹¹ Hz. The analogous frequency for oxygen atoms relative to hydrogen atoms is 6.133×10 ¹⁰ Hz. From these conditions, you can select a multiple of the resonant frequency of processing.

The group of inventions can be illustrated by the following examples:

Example 01. Purification of water in the Tulitsa River, a tributary of the river. Upa.

The parameters of the channel at the installation site of the device: width 7 m, depth 1.5 m, flow velocity 0.5 m/s.

Predominant pollution: color, silt, transparency, chemical pollution.

To solve the problem of purification of the water flow, the mathematical model of S.I. Khmelnik was used. (see "Mechanism of occurrence and method for calculating turbulent flows". "Reports of independent authors", published by "DNA", ISSN 2225-6717 Russia-Israel, 2012, issue 21, ISBN 978-1-300-33987-8, printed in USA, Lulu Inc., ID 13325013.). In accordance with its data, the diameter of the reactor bowl is 5 m, of which the diameter of the effective funnel zone at critical points of change in the direction of the flow velocity is 3.2 m, and the depth of the reactor bowl is 1.1 m, the intake device is 5 m wide, and flow capture height - 1 m, flow inlet diameter 1.13 m.

The device with calculated geometrical characteristics is mounted on supports 12 in the riverbed in such a way that the level of the reactor bowl is located at the level of the river flow.

The intake device 7 is equipped with a protective mesh (conditionally not shown) that cuts off large mechanical impurities.

The device works as follows:

The water flow enters the intake device 7, which increases the flow rate to a level necessary and sufficient to create a working torque in the reactor bowl (apparatus 5).

At the input 1 of the processed flow, before entering the reactor bowl, the water flow passes through the solenoid, where the incoming flow is processed by the magnetic field of the calculated frequency. Since the axis of the solenoid is directed to the upper edge of the device 5, the formation of vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool occurs. In the formed vortex flow of the whirlpool, physical and chemical reactions are significantly accelerated. An effective effect on various impurities of water is carried out and its structure changes. Crystallization centers are formed in the mass of water, which leads to the release of impurity particles in the form of dispersed mixtures, which, being deposited on the walls of the reactor bowl of the apparatus 5 for the formation of vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool, are washed off through the valve 8 for further disposal.

The energy of the purified water flow at the outlet 3 is sufficient to rotate the turbine 9 of the generator 11 and generate electricity, which is sufficient for the autonomous operation of the apparatus 4 for generating magnetic fields, while the excess of the generated energy is diverted to external consumers.

As a result, purified clarified water with an improved structure was obtained at outlet 3, which, mixing with the main stream of the river, starts self-purification processes. It should be noted that small living creatures that have passed through the protective grid without harm to themselves with the natural flow of the whirlpool pass into the river.

Example 02. Purification of alcohol production waste - post-alcohol stillage, which is a by-product of alcohol production.

For 1 liter of alcohol produced, there are 12-13 liters of stillage. Sumps for bard filtrate occupy large areas, spread a putrefactive odor, decay products enter the groundwater, which causes damage to the environment and causes protests from nearby residents.

The initial data for calculating the parameters of a device for purifying water streams of alcohol production are as follows:

- the flow flows forcibly under pressure up to 5 atm,

- consumption - 500 m ³ / hour,

- technological drain time - 2 hours a day.

According to the initial data, the installation parameters are determined. The size of the reactor bowl is much smaller than when cleaning the river - no more than two meters. Since the flow is forced under pressure, there is no structural need for an independent intake device. Its function is performed by a pipe leading out the stillage (conditionally not shown). At inlet 1, the processed flow passes through the solenoid pipe and then tangentially fed into the reactor bowl of the apparatus 5 for the formation of eddy gravitational forces of the whirlpool.

The subsequent operation of the device is similar to that described in Example 01. The difference is that due to the high concentration of impurities in the bard, it may be necessary to install a second valve 8 in the reactor bowl to remove impurities, as well as the introduction of a second purification circuit, structurally the same as and the first device for purifying the water flow of stillage.

This approach can be used to treat water waste streams in other food, chemical and other industries.

As a result of solving the problem, a method suitable for industrial use for purifying significant water flows and a corresponding device for its implementation were created, providing an effective integrated solution to the problem of clarification and post-treatment of various aqueous media and bottom residues.

Claims (7)

1. The method of purification of water flows, including vortex effects on them, characterized in that the purification is carried out by the combined effect on the flows of vortex magnetic fields and vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool, while the magnetic effect is produced by oscillation frequencies, in relation to which the natural vibrations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms are multiples. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravitational forces of the whirlpool are formed starting from the upper level of the water flow. 3. A device for purifying water flows for implementing the method according to claim 1 or 2, including the input of the processed stream, devices for generating vortex effects and the outlet of the purified stream, characterized in that the devices for generating vortex effects include devices for generating magnetic fields and vortex gravitational forces whirlpool, wherein the apparatus for generating magnetic fields is located at the inlet of the processed flow, and the apparatus for generating vortex gravitational forces of the whirlpool is located in front of the outlet of the purified stream and is made in the form of a reactor bowl with a hole in the lower part, while the axis of the input of the processed flow into the apparatus for generating vortex gravitational forces located tangentially to the reactor bowl. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that at the inlet of the processed stream there is a flow rate amplifier made in the form of an intake device. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the reactor bowl includes at least one valve for removing precipitated impurities. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with supports. 7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that a turbine is installed at the outlet of the purified stream, connected by means of a shaft to a generator located above the reactor bowl.

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