RU2763613C1 - Keyless vehicle access system with additional protection against theft (pkes-plus, options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: guarded vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: system contains an electronic unit on the guarded vehicle, interacting with it via a protected algorithmic radio exchange, the owner's key-fob, equipped with an internal accelerometer. The electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer and a device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts to move, the current data of both accelerometers is compared in a subsequent time period of up to 600 minutes of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to enable or disable the functioning of the vehicle. Keyless entry systems have also been proposed.

EFFECT: improved safety is achieved.

9 cl

Description

The field of technology.

The invention relates to keyless access of the owner to a vehicle, in particular a car, based on a non-mechanical principle of determining "friend or foe" without a classic key and lock. In addition, similar systems can be used in the operation of agricultural machinery, small boats, hydro scooters, snowmobiles, and small civil aviation.

The level of technology.

From the prior art, the owner's keyless access to the car is known, referred to in industry terminology as PKES (Passive Keyless Entry and Start) - "passive keyless entry and engine start".

In a simplified form, his work looks like this.

“As soon as the driver approaches the car and presses the button on the door handle (instead of it, there can be a touchpad or an electronic gate that reacts to the hand), the car “wakes up” and starts a dialogue with the key:

- Hi, I'm car X with an electronic number Υ and an identification code Ζ. And who are you?

This message is broadcast on the "transponder" frequency of 125 kHz. and if the key fob is nearby and understands the language of the request, it immediately answers the machine using its own operating frequency (in our country (in the Russian Federation) and in Europe it is 433 MHz or 868 MHz). Moreover, it answers with a cunning digital combination generated by an individual encryption algorithm:

- Hey, I'm your key! Response code: Χ123.Υ456.Ζ789.

To exclude electronic fraud (playing pre-recorded parcels, transmitting a code via cellular or mobile Internet channels), the response from the electronic key must be received in real time (delays are counted by nanoseconds) ”(Russian automotive magazine AvtoReview No. 15-16 for 2015, article “Konstantin Sorokin “stole” several Infiniti, Nissan, Toyota and Lexus cars in one sitting.”; https://autoreview.ru/articles/ugon-shou/klyuch-s-pravom-peredach i ) .

However, since about 2011, violators of the law have been using a criminal device to “extend” the “car-key” communication channel for car theft. The technology was called Relay Station Attack (attack with (help) relay station).

"Extension", according to one of the options, consists of two blocks: "reader" and "emulator" - which are easily placed in a small shoulder bag.

After switching on, the blocks establish a high-speed data transmission channel between themselves, which allows relaying the “key” vehicle requests and remotely receiving tag responses.

The Relay Station Attack technology can be implemented as follows: one of the two accomplices-violators approaches the driver's door - and at the moment when the second accomplice with the "reader" approaches the owner of the car (the accomplices can coordinate their actions via cell phones using the agreed "household » verbal turns), presses the button on the door handle.

The car issues a search query, the "emulator" receives it, demodulates it, amplifies it - and then immediately transmits it over the radio bridge to the second accomplice. His equipment does the opposite - and "interrogates" the key in the pocket of the owner, who is nearby. Having fixed the response message, the "extension cable" sends it back in the same way - and relays it to the machine through the "emulator".

The first accomplice successfully opens the car door and enters the passenger compartment. Since before starting the engine, the PKES system must once again request the key (through the antenna in the back of the driver's seat), so Relay Station Attack similarly works again, after which the stolen car is started with the "Start / Stop" button and works until the engine is turned off directly (Russian automobile magazine AutoReview No. 15-16 for 2015, article “Konstantin Sorokin “stole” several Infiniti, Nissan, Toyota and Lexus cars in one sitting.”; https://autoreview.ru/articles/ugon-shou/klyuch- s-pravom-peredachi).

The prototype of the protected solution is the modern PKES system of Toyota and BMW cars with an additionally installed accelerometer in the key fob (“keyless” key) of the legitimate driver, which prohibits the response to a request in a state of rest (“sleep mode”). That is, the car owner's key fob lying motionless on the bedside table through the wall of an apartment or office does not “respond” to incoming machine requests in principle.

However, the prototype does not prevent theft on the go (for example, when the car owner is in a supermarket) according to the above Relay Station Attack algorithm (Russian automobile magazine AvtoReview No. 5 for 2020, article by K. Sorokin “How Toyota is stolen and what is anti-theft tattoo?"; https://autoreview.ru/articles/kak-eto-rabotaet/akupuntura).

disclosure.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the anti-theft reliability of the owner's keyless access to the vehicle (PKES).

EFFECT: introduction of additional barriers for authorization of access and/or operation of a protected vehicle.

Power-driven vehicle means - "power-driven vehicle" means any self-propelled road vehicle, excluding mopeds, in the territory of Contracting Parties that do not treat them as motorcycles, and excluding rail vehicles (see O) , Article 1, Chapter 1, international "Convention on Road Traffic"; Vienna 08.11.1968; current edition).

The categories of the above vehicles are understood as:

"And motorcycles;

In motor vehicles (with the exception of vehicles belonging to category A) whose maximum authorized mass does not exceed 3500 kg and the number of seats in which, in addition to the driver's seat, does not exceed eight; motor vehicle of category B, coupled with a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which does not exceed 750 kg; a motor vehicle of category B coupled to a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 750 kg, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, and the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 3500 kg;

C motor vehicles, other than those in category D, whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 3,500 kg; motor vehicle of category C, coupled with a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which does not exceed 750 kg;

D motor vehicles designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; motor vehicle of category D, coupled with a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which does not exceed 750 kg;

BE a motor vehicle of category B coupled to a trailer whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 750 kg and exceeds the unladen mass of the motor vehicle; motor vehicle of category B, coupled with a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 750 kg, and the total authorized maximum mass of such a composition exceeds 3,500 kg;

CE category C motor vehicle coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass exceeding 750 kg;

DE Category D motor vehicle coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass exceeding 750 kg.

A1 motorcycles with an engine displacement not exceeding 125 cm3 and a maximum power not exceeding 11 kW (light motorcycles);

B1 motorized tricycles and quadricycles;

C1 motor vehicles, other than those in category D, whose maximum authorized mass exceeds 3,500 kg but does not exceed 7,500 kg; car of subcategory C1, coupled with a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which does not exceed 750 kg;

D1 motor vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, but not more than 16 seats in addition to the driver's seat; a vehicle of subcategory D1 coupled to a trailer with a maximum authorized mass not exceeding 750 kg;

C1E motor vehicle of subcategory C1, coupled to a trailer, the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 750 kg, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, and the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 12,000 kg;

D1E A motor vehicle of sub-category D1 coupled to a trailer not intended for the carriage of passengers, the maximum authorized mass of which exceeds 750 kg, but does not exceed the unladen mass of the vehicle, and the total authorized maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 12,000 kg. movement"; Vienna 08.11.1968; current version).

Under the PKES system is understood.

“Keyless Entry System (PKES). In recent years, a new type of car alarm has become popular, which does not require the owner to press the buttons on the key fob to arm / disarm, it is enough to approach the car at a close distance to unlock the doors, or move away so that the doors are locked and the alarm goes into protection. Moreover, this type of alarm allows you to start the car with a button, without requiring a classic ignition key. Such a system is called PKES (Passive Keyless Entry and Start - “passive keyless entry and engine start”).

Principle of operation.

As soon as the owner approaches the car and presses the button on the door handle, the car "wakes up" and starts a dialogue with the key (see Dialogue Coding):

- Hi, I'm car X with identifier Z. Who are you?

This message is transmitted on the air at a frequency of 125 kHz, and if the key fob (also called a smart key / smart-key) is nearby and understands the language of the request, it immediately answers the machine using its own operating frequency (433 or 868 MHz). Moreover, it answers with a digital combination generated by the encryption algorithm (individual for each signaling):

- Hey, I'm your key! Response code X123.Y456.Z789.

To exclude electronic fraud (playing pre-recorded parcels, transmitting a code via cellular or mobile Internet channels), the response from the electronic key must come in real time (delays are counted by nanoseconds), so any attempts to open the car are doomed to failure. But even such clever actions do not always save from theft.

Vulnerabilities.

The criminal vulnerability of PKES systems was discussed in 2011, when a team of Swiss programmers demonstrated a method of "lengthening" the car-key communication channel. The technology was called Relay Station Attack. By that time, Russian hijackers were already using such devices with might and main.

An attacker will need a special repeater (also called a "rod"/"long arm"), which costs tens of thousands of euros, and an assistant, which should be located next to the smart key, that is, next to the Owner. When the hijacker presses the button to open the car, the signal is transmitted through the repeater to the assistant's device, which is already communicating with the alarm key fob. With the help of such actions, you can steal any car.

Let's take an example of theft. You parked your car near the shopping center, closed the doors and went about your business, the doors automatically locked at the same time.

Intruder No. 1 with a receiver approaches your car, and Intruder No. 2 is near you with a signal repeater for your key. The car at this moment identifies that you are allegedly nearby and opens. Intruder #1 gets into the car and drives away.

Theft protection

How to deal with this vulnerability? There is firmware that will change the alarm control code to another one, which means that the radio channel will be out of reach of repeaters. There is also a proven method - to hide the alarm keyfob in a metallized foil screen (see Faraday cage) - a simple but effective way to physically block the dialogue between the keyfob and the control unit as soon as you move away from the car and hide the keyfob. (Material from Wikipedia; https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BC% D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0% B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0% D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85).

Under the accelerometer is understood.

«измеряю») - прибор, измеряющий проекцию кажущегося ускорения (разности между истинным ускорением объекта и гравитационным ускорением). Как правило, акселерометр представляет собой чувствительную массу, закрепленную в упругом подвесе. Отклонение массы от ее первоначального положения при наличии кажущегося ускорения несет информацию о величине этого ускорения.“Accelerometer (lat. accelero - I accelerate, etc. Greek.

"I measure") - a device that measures the projection of apparent acceleration (the difference between the true acceleration of an object and gravitational acceleration). As a rule, the accelerometer is a sensitive mass fixed in an elastic suspension. The deviation of the mass from its original position in the presence of an apparent acceleration carries information about the magnitude of this acceleration.

According to the design, accelerometers are divided into single-component, two-component, three-component. Accordingly, they make it possible to measure projections of apparent acceleration on one, two, and three axes.

Some accelerometers also have built-in data acquisition and processing systems. This allows you to create complete systems for measuring acceleration and vibration with all the necessary elements.

The accelerometer can be used both for measuring the projections of absolute linear acceleration (if the magnitude and direction of gravitational acceleration at a given point in space are known), and for indirect measurements of the projections of gravitational acceleration (with the accelerometer stationary in the gravitational field). The first property is used to create inertial navigation systems, where the measurements obtained using accelerometers are integrated, obtaining the inertial velocity and carrier coordinates. Thus, accelerometers, along with gyroscopes, are integral components of the navigation and control systems of aircraft, missiles and other aircraft, ships and submarines. The second property allows the use of accelerometers both for measuring slopes, that is, as inclinometers, and in gravimetry.

An accelerometer in industrial vibration diagnostics is a vibration transducer that measures vibration acceleration in non-destructive control and protection systems.

Accelerometers are used in computer hard drive control systems to activate the mechanism of protection against damage (which can be obtained as a result of shocks and falls): in response to a sudden change in acceleration, the system gives a command to park the hard disk heads, which helps prevent disk damage and data loss. This protection technology is used mainly in laptops, netbooks and external drives.

Accelerometers built into car DVRs distinguish between alarm events such as hard braking, acceleration, collision, sharp turns and rotation. These events are recorded by video recorders in a separate file, marked with a special marker and protected from accidental erasure and overwriting.

In game console control devices, the accelerometer, together with the gyroscope, is used to control games without using buttons - by turning in space, shaking, etc. For example, the accelerometer is present in the Wii Remote and PlayStation Move game controllers.

In addition, digital accelerometers are widely used in mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and the like. Thanks to accelerometers, the position of the image on the monitor of a mobile device is controlled and its orientation relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational acceleration is tracked. (material from Wikipedia; https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE% D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80).

By inertial navigation, inertial navigation system is understood.

“A method of navigation (determining the coordinates and parameters of the movement of various objects - ships, aircraft, missiles, etc.) and controlling their movement, based on the properties of the inertia of bodies, which is autonomous, that is, it does not require the presence of external landmarks or signals coming from outside. Non-autonomous methods for solving navigation problems are based on the use of external landmarks or signals (for example, stars, beacons, radio signals, etc.). These methods are quite simple in principle, but in some cases they cannot be implemented due to the lack of visibility or the presence of interference to radio signals, etc. The need to create autonomous navigation systems was the reason for the emergence of inertial navigation.

Operating principle.

The essence of inertial navigation is to determine the acceleration of an object and its angular velocities using instruments and devices installed on a moving object, and according to these data, the location (coordinates) of this object, its course, speed, distance traveled, etc., as well as in determining the parameters required to stabilize the object and automatically control its movement. This is done with:

датчиков линейного ускорения (акселерометров);

linear acceleration sensors (accelerometers);

гироскопических устройств, воспроизводящих на объекте систему отсчета (например, с помощью гиростабилизированной платформы) и позволяющих определять углы поворота и наклона объекта, используемые для его стабилизации и управления движением.

gyroscopic devices that reproduce the reference system on the object (for example, using a gyro-stabilized platform) and allow determining the angles of rotation and inclination of the object used to stabilize it and control its movement.

вычислительных устройств (ЭВМ), которые по ускорениям (путем их интегрирования) находят скорость объекта, его координаты и др. параметры движения;

computing devices (computers), which, by means of accelerations (by integrating them), find the speed of an object, its coordinates, and other motion parameters;

The advantages of inertial navigation methods are autonomy, noise immunity and the possibility of full automation of all navigation processes. Due to this, inertial navigation methods are increasingly used in solving the problems of navigation of surface, underwater and aircraft, spacecraft and vehicles and other moving objects.

Inertial navigation is also used for military purposes: in cruise missiles and UAVs, in the event of enemy electronic countermeasures. As soon as the navigation system of a cruise missile or UAV detects the impact of enemy electronic warfare, blocking or distortion of the GPS signal, it remembers the last coordinates and switches to the inertial navigation system.

Story.

The principles of inertial navigation are based on the laws of mechanics formulated by Newton, which govern the motion of bodies with respect to the inertial frame of reference (for motions within the solar system, with respect to the stars).

The development of the basics of inertial navigation dates back to the 1930s. A great contribution to it was made: in the USSR - B.V. Bulgakov, A.Yu. Ishlinsky, E.B. Leventhal, G.O. Friedlander, in Germany - M. Schuler (German: Maximilian Schuler) and in the USA - Charles Draper. A significant role in the theoretical foundations of inertial navigation is played by the theory of stability of mechanical systems, a great contribution to which was made by Russian mathematicians A.M. Lyapunov and A.V. Mikhailov.

The practical implementation of inertial navigation methods was associated with significant difficulties caused by the need to ensure high accuracy and reliability of all devices with given dimensions and weight. Overcoming these difficulties becomes possible thanks to the creation of special technical means - inertial navigation systems (INS). The first full-fledged ANNs were developed in the USA and in the USSR in the early 1950s. Thus, the equipment of the first American INS (including navigation computers) was structurally made in the form of several boxes of impressive size and, occupying almost the entire cabin of the aircraft, was first tested during a flight to Los Angeles, automatically leading the aircraft along the route.

inertial navigation systems.

Inertial navigation systems (INS) incorporate linear acceleration sensors (accelerometers) and angular velocity sensors (gyroscopes or pairs of accelerometers that measure centrifugal acceleration). With their help, it is possible to determine the deviation of the coordinate system associated with the body of the instrument from the coordinate system associated with the Earth, obtaining the orientation angles: yaw (heading), pitch and roll. The angular deviation of the coordinates in the form of latitude, longitude and altitude is determined by integrating the readings of the accelerometers. Algorithmically, ANN consists of heading and coordinate system. The vertical course provides the ability to determine the orientation in the geographic coordinate system, which allows you to correctly determine the position of the object. In this case, it must constantly receive data on the position of the object. However, technically, the system, as a rule, is not divided and accelerometers, for example, can be used in the alignment of the heading-vertical part.

Inertial navigation systems are divided into platform-based (PINS) and strapdown (SINS) having a gyro-stabilized platform.

In platform ANNs, the interconnection of the block of acceleration meters and gyroscopic devices that provide the orientation of the accelerometers in space determines the type of inertial system. There are three main types of platform inertial systems.

1. Geometric type inertial system has two platforms. One platform with gyroscopes is oriented and stabilized in inertial space, and the second one with accelerometers - relative to the horizon plane. The coordinates of the object are determined in the calculator using data on the relative position of the platforms. It has a high positioning accuracy relative to the surface of the planet (for example, the Earth), but does not work satisfactorily on highly maneuverable vehicles and in outer space. It is used mainly on aircraft with a long flight range (civilian, military transport, strategic bombers), submarines and large surface ships.

2. In inertial systems of the analytical type, both accelerometers and gyroscopes are stationary in inertial space (relative to arbitrarily distant stars or galaxies). The object's coordinates are obtained in a calculator that processes signals coming from accelerometers and devices that determine the rotation of the object itself relative to gyroscopes and accelerometers. It has a relatively low accuracy when moving near the Earth's surface, but works well on maneuverable objects (fighters, helicopters, missiles, high-speed maneuverable surface vessels) and in outer space.

3. The semi-analytical system has a platform that continuously stabilizes over the local horizon. The platform has gyroscopes and accelerometers. The coordinates of an aircraft or other aircraft are determined in a computer located outside the platform.

In SINS, accelerometers and gyroscopes are rigidly connected to the body of the device. The advanced technology in the production of SINS is the technology of fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG), the principle of which is based on the Sagnac effect. SINS based on such gyroscopes has no moving parts, is absolutely silent, mechanically relatively strong, does not require special maintenance, has good MTBF (up to 80 thousand hours for some models) and low power consumption (tens of watts). FOG technologies have replaced laser ring gyroscopes (LCGs).

Integrated navigation systems. To compensate for the accumulating errors inherent in the INS in the orientation angles and coordinates, data from other navigation systems, in particular, the satellite navigation system (SNS), is used. radio navigation, magnetometric (to obtain data on the course), odometer (to obtain data on the distance traveled in ground applications). The integration of data from various navigation systems is carried out according to an algorithm based, as a rule, on the Kalman filter. Various implementations of such systems are possible with the observed trend of gradual miniaturization. (Material from Wikipedia; https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB% D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1% 8F).

Under the satellite navigation system is understood.

“Satellite navigation system (English Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS, GNSS) is a system designed to determine the location (geographical coordinates) of land, water and air objects, as well as low-orbit spacecraft. Satellite navigation systems also allow you to get the speed and direction of the signal receiver. In addition, can be used to obtain the exact time. Such systems consist of space equipment and ground segment (control systems). Currently, only two satellite systems provide full coverage and uninterrupted operation for the entire globe - GPS and GLONASS.

The principle of operation of satellite navigation systems is based on measuring the distance from the antenna on the object (whose coordinates must be obtained) to satellites, the position of which is known with great accuracy. The table of positions of all satellites is called an almanac, which any satellite receiver must have before measurements begin. Usually the receiver keeps the almanac in memory since the last time it was turned off, and if it is not out of date, it instantly uses it. Each satellite transmits the entire almanac in its signal. Thus, knowing the distances to several satellites of the system, using conventional geometric constructions, based on the almanac, one can calculate the position of an object in space.

The method of measuring the distance from the satellite to the receiver antenna is based on the fact that the speed of propagation of radio waves is assumed to be known (in fact, this issue is extremely complex, many poorly predictable factors affect the speed, such as the characteristics of the ionospheric layer, etc.). In order to be able to measure the time of the propagated radio signal, each satellite of the navigation system emits accurate time signals using atomic clocks precisely synchronized with the system time. When a satellite receiver is operating, its clock is synchronized with the system time, and upon further reception of signals, the delay between the radiation time contained in the signal itself and the signal reception time is calculated. With this information, the navigation receiver calculates the antenna coordinates. All other movement parameters (speed, heading, distance traveled) are calculated based on the measurement of the time that the object spent moving between two or more points with certain coordinates.

The technical result according to the first variant is achieved by the fact that the keyless access system to the vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key-fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, while the electronic computing unit the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer and a device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period of up to 600 or more minutes of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to resolve or termination of the functioning / operation of the vehicle / car.

According to the second variant, a system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, while the electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer, the key fob is equipped with a device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period of up to 600 minutes or more of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to allow or stop functioning / operation of the vehicle / car.

According to the third version, a system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the owner's key fob, equipped with an internal accelerometer, while the electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer, the system is equipped with a separate remote device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period of up to 600 minutes or more of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to allow or stop functioning / operation of the vehicle / car.

According to the fourth variant, a system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, while the key fob is equipped with an internal inertial navigation device, calculating its current spatial location relative to a fixed guarded vehicle/car and authorizing the radio exchange of the classic PKES with it only at a certain distance from it, in close proximity and/or visual availability, for example 0.1-5 m.

According to the fifth variant, a system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, while the key fob is equipped with an internal navigation device for satellite navigation system, which calculates its current spatial location relative to a stationary guarded vehicle and authorizes the radio exchange of a classic PKES with it only at a certain distance from it, in close proximity and / or visual accessibility, for example, 0.1-5 m.

In addition, according to any of the options, the keyless access system to the vehicle with additional protection against theft can be designed so that during the period of accelerometric data comparison, the readings of the onboard accelerometer are recorded in the electronic unit of the vehicle and transmitted in the current mode to an external storage medium - the owner's account on the Internet and / or "cloud" services, and / or a memory block in a key fob.

In addition, according to any of the options, the keyless access system to the vehicle with additional protection against theft can be designed so that in the absence of a timely engine command to allow the further operation of the vehicle, the system initiates a noise alarm and notifies the owner via independent cellular communication channels. telephony, internet, radio communications.

In addition, according to any of the options, the keyless access system to the vehicle with additional protection against theft can be made so that the key fob with the functions of any of the options is made in the form of a software and / or hardware addition to the smartphone of the owner of the protected vehicle.

Implementation.

The claimed result of intellectual activity functions as follows.

According to the first option. After a positive authorization operation of the classic/basic PKES system, the comparison of data between the accelerometer on the key fob and the accelerometer of the vehicle itself begins using a secure radio exchange. This comparison can be carried out during a predetermined period of time of movement (up to 600 or more minutes) and / or until the vehicle stops and / or it is armed. When comparing the accelerometric data, the claimed system detects between them either a match, or an acceptable discrepancy (a slight movement of the driver with a key fob inside the vehicle), or an unacceptable discrepancy that reveals a different location of the legitimate driver-owner with a key-trinket. Accordingly, the PKES-plus system will either authorize the operation and operation of the vehicle, or block its operation using alarm and/or alert algorithms.

According to the second option. After the start of movement, based on the results of the comparison of accelerometric data, the PKES-plus system detects either the synchronous spatiotemporal movement of the protected vehicle and its current analyzed owner with the proper key fob, or differences in speed and / or trajectory that go beyond the possible movement of the driver.

determined by the dimensions of the vehicle interior, and / or beyond the speed of human movements. After that, the PKES-plus system generates a machine command either to allow further operation of the protected vehicle, for example, a car, or to block it.

According to the third option, the PKES-plus system works in a similar way as described above, the differences are in the location of the command analytical and computing unit of the claimed system:

по первому варианту он находится на охраняемом транспортном средстве;

according to the first option, it is located on a guarded vehicle;

по второму варианту - на чип-устройстве внутри ключа-брелока легитимного владельца, современный уровень IT-технологий позволяет это;

according to the second option - on a chip device inside the key fob of the legitimate owner, the current level of IT technologies allows this;

по третьему варианту - вне транспортного средства и вне ключа-брелока, например, на домашнем устройстве/компьютере владельца, связанном с транспортным средством и ключом-брелоком по каналам связи 4G, 5G и/или разрабатываемой 6G или аутсорсинговый «облачный» софт-сервис в интернете, сайт-ресурсы страховщика, сайт-ресурсы частных охранных ведомств, правоохранительных органов, служб экстренной помощи и др. Блокирование эксплуатации автомобиля может сопровождаться включением шумовой сигнализации, оповещением законного автовладельца и иных заинтересованных лиц. Оповещение может происходить как по каналам системы PKES-плюс, так и по иным информационным каналам связи, например, сотовой связи и/или интернета.

according to the third option - outside the vehicle and outside the key fob, for example, on the owner's home device / computer connected to the vehicle and the key fob via 4G, 5G and / or 6G communication channels being developed or outsourcing "cloud" software service in on the Internet, the insurer's website resources, the website resources of private security agencies, law enforcement agencies, emergency services, etc. Blocking the operation of a car may be accompanied by the activation of a noise alarm, notification of the legitimate car owner and other interested parties. Notification can occur both through the channels of the PKES-plus system, and through other information communication channels, for example, cellular communications and / or the Internet.

In addition, during the identification period of the operation of the system for comparing accelerometric data, the data of the car accelerometer is recorded and transferred to an external medium: closed Internet resources of authorized interested parties and / or a car owner's smartphone and / or a memory block in a key fob and / or other. This will allow you to reliably record the spatial movements of the guarded vehicle in the identification time interval and. in case of possible theft, facilitate the search and return of the car to the owner.

According to the fourth option. The PKES-plus system allows radio exchange according to the classical PKES scheme only when the spatial location of the legitimate owner is established at an acceptable distance from his vehicle. This is done by the operation of the inertial navigation system, located in the key fob. After arming, the inertial navigation system begins to calculate the movements of the legitimate owner and calculate the distance to the protected vehicle, the coordinates of which are recorded at the moment of arming and / or turning off the engine, and / or closing the doors of the passenger compartment, and / or a forced command. If a predetermined distance is exceeded, the PKES-plus system does not respond to any classic PKES calls, incl. formed using Relay Station Attack hacking technology. The PKES-plus system goes into "sleep mode", but at the same time does not limit the legitimate owner in the dynamics and distances of spatial movements. This is the fundamental difference between the "sleep mode" and the prototype of the claimed result of intellectual activity. When the owner approaches the vehicle, the inertial navigation system built into the key fob sets this based on the readings of its accelerometers and / or gyroscopes, after which it wakes up for classic PKES interaction. Since the owner outside the vehicle has moved in space, practically, along a closed trajectory, then the machine computational integration of the sensor readings in the inertial navigation system should indicate / identify this unambiguously. Modern advances in mechatronics make it possible to place an inertial navigation system in small portable masses and dimensions.

The fifth option differs from the fourth one in that to track the dynamics of the distance of the legitimate owner from the protected vehicle, a satellite navigation system is used that is built into the owner's key fob.

With any of the five options, the key fob can be made in the form of a built-in hardware module and / or software application to the smartphone of the legitimate owner of the protected vehicle / car.

In addition, the current level of technology allows you to implement all options at once in one PKES-plus device for one vehicle.

For example, a smartphone contains a wearable part of the classic PKES system, accelerometers according to 1-3 options, a calculation unit according to option 2, an inertial navigation system according to option 4, a satellite navigation system according to option 5, a block for storing previous information on the operation of the system, feedback communication channels and the Internet, and the vehicle is equipped, in addition to the interfaced part of the classical PKES, with a block for calculating and comparing accelerometric data, a block for storing previous information on movement, a block for preventing the operation of the vehicle, a block for transmitting information to external resources for analyzing and storing the owner and / or trusted third parties.

In the claimed system, two unsolvable vulnerabilities are found.

The first is if the owner drives a different vehicle (taxi, bus), and the thieves strictly follow him in the stolen vehicle at the same time. The PKES-plus system in this case will not prevent the criminal Relay Station Attack technology, but the hijackers will be forced to act as volunteer ferrymen in relation to the owner.

The second case is robbery and forceful control of the owner by the kidnappers, for example, placing him bound in the trunk with a key fob. It should be noted here that the classical PKES system also does not have a solution to this problem. Apparently, only the regular transmission of accelerometer data from a guarded car to agreed confidential Internet resources, for example, a personal notary and / or a personal lawyer, can be an indirect countermeasure. That will allow, if necessary, to establish the spatial movements of the car and the owner, preceding the possible offense under investigation.

The claimed result of intellectual activity meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (9)

1. A system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key-fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, characterized in that the electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer and a device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period up to 600 minutes of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to allow or stop the operation of the vehicle. 2. A system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key-fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, characterized in that the electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer , the key fob is equipped with a device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period up to 600 minutes of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to allow or stop the operation of the vehicle. 3. A system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key-fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, characterized in that the electronic unit on the vehicle is equipped with its own accelerometer , the system is equipped with a separate remote device for analyzing accelerometric readings, and when the vehicle starts moving, the current data of both accelerometers are compared in the subsequent time period up to 600 minutes of movement and at this time at least one machine command of the system is generated to allow or stop the operation of the vehicle. 4. System for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, characterized in that the key fob is equipped with an internal inertial navigation device , which calculates its current spatial location relative to a fixed guarded vehicle and authorizes radio exchange with it only at a certain distance from it. 5. A system for keyless access to a vehicle with additional protection against theft, containing an electronic unit on the protected vehicle, interacting with it via a secure algorithmic radio exchange, the key fob of the owner, equipped with an internal accelerometer, characterized in that the key fob is equipped with an internal navigation device for satellite navigation system, which calculates its current spatial location relative to a fixed protected vehicle and authorizes radio exchange with it only at a certain distance from it. 6. System of keyless access to the vehicle with additional protection against theft according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that during the period of accelerometric data comparison, the readings of the onboard accelerometer are recorded in a special electronic unit of the vehicle and transmitted in the current mode to an external storage medium - the owner's account on the Internet or Internet resources of third parties. 7. System of keyless access to the vehicle with additional protection against theft according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that in the absence of a timely machine command to allow the operation of the vehicle, the system initiates a noise alarm on the vehicle and notifies the owner via independent cellular telephony or Internet communication channels. 8. System of keyless access to the vehicle with additional protection against theft according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the key fob is made in the form of a software or hardware addition to the smartphone of the owner of the protected vehicle. 9. System of keyless access to the vehicle with additional protection against theft according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the key fob is made in the form of a software and hardware addition to the smartphone of the owner of the protected vehicle.