RU2762902C1 - Multifunctional mobile stand - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, as well as to measuring technology and serves to create the necessary temperature conditions for cooling or temperature testing of aggregates, samples, assemblies and large-sized structures made of structural materials. The multifunctional mobile stand can also be used as an independent thermal camera that makes it possible to evaluate the operation of assemblies, aggregates and mechanisms, including all kinds of engines at a given temperature. The multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing includes an engine room, a temperature chamber, a cooling system, temperature control systems in the chamber and individual assemblies of the multifunctional mobile stand connected to an external control computer. The basis of the multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing is a shipping container divided into an engine room and a temperature chamber. The temperature chamber is a fully insulated circuit. Access to the temperature chamber is carried out through a sealed door, insulated and sealed around the perimeter. The cooling system is made according to the scheme with direct expansion.

EFFECT: invention contributes to ensuring the testing of equipment in conditions as close as possible to full-scale ones by creating the required temperature, as well as solving the problem of cooling large-sized samples for testing them.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, as well as to measuring equipment and can be used for cooling materials, structures and their elements, samples, assemblies, as well as for testing them at the required temperature. The device can also be used as an independent heat chamber, which allows evaluating the operation of units, assemblies and mechanisms, including all kinds of engines at a given temperature.

Known patent for a refrigeration unit (RF patent No. 2047058 C1, F25B 7/00 (2006.01), publ. 1995.10.27). The invention makes it possible to carry out temperature tests due to the upper and lower stages connected by means of a condenser-evaporator, and the evaporator of the lower stage is located in a heat chamber, and a regenerative heat exchanger is installed in the upper stage on the compressor suction line. The installation is quite energy-efficient and allows you to set any temperature conditions for testing in the chamber.

A patent for a refrigerating chamber is known (RF patent No. 37812 U1, F25D 23/06 (2000.01), publ. 2004.05.10). The invention is a chamber consisting of panels of side and end walls, a floor and a ceiling made of external and internal walls, the space between which is filled with foamed polyurethane and interconnected by intermediate elements, characterized in that, in order to create a quick-assembly structure of the refrigerating chamber and expanding technological capabilities when assembling a wide range of standard sizes of refrigerating chambers from a small number of panels of the same type; the refrigerating chamber is made of prefabricated three-layer sandwich panels with a surface of galvanized steel with a varnish coating and polyurethane foam between them.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a patent for an automated device for cooling samples during long-term fatigue tests of samples at low temperatures (RF patent No. 2457460 C2, G01N 3/02 (2006.01), publ. 2012.07.27), selected in as a prototype. The invention provides for the possibility of evaluating welded samples in the course of long-term fatigue tests at a given temperature, which is automatically maintained. The device is a test chamber, a power unit for loading the test specimen, located inside the chamber body, a source of cooling medium with a means of supplying the latter to the chamber, and a temperature control system in the chamber. The device makes it possible to carry out tests in conditions close to natural ones by deep cooling of the test samples in air.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions, including the prototype, include the inability to test large-sized samples and the inability to test operating mechanisms at various temperatures, especially low temperatures.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of a multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing of units and large-sized structures made of structural materials. A multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing can be used as an independent heat chamber, which allows evaluating the operation of units, assemblies and mechanisms, including all kinds of engines at a given temperature. Another important aspect of the invention is its portability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing includes a transport container, divided into an engine room and a temperature chamber, which is a completely insulated circuit, a door (hatch), thermally insulated and sealed along the entire perimeter, which allows it to be completely sealed, equipped with Heating element for heating, a specialized frame - guide, for loading test large-sized samples, structures, units, a cooling system made according to a direct expansion scheme, including an air cooler, a pipeline, a liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser, a linear receiver, a high-pressure safety pressure switch, a pressure sensor and a humidity indicator, temperature control systems in the temperature chamber and individual units of a multifunctional mobile stand connected to an external control computer. All mechanisms and elements in the stand are designed for long-term transportation and are protected from corrosion damage, as well as from the effects of moisture and steam. The stand is divided into two rooms: a cooling chamber and an engine room.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of the stand. The basis of the multifunctional mobile test bench for temperature tests is a typical range of shipping containers, which provide sufficient structural rigidity and allow the test bench to be transported by any available means. The stand consists of an engine room (1) and a temperature chamber (2). The temperature chamber (2) is a completely insulated circuit (3). The equipment under test or cooled workpieces (5) are loaded into the temperature chamber vertically, through a hinged double-leaf door (hatch) (4), thermally insulated and sealed along the entire perimeter, which makes it possible to ensure its complete sealing, as well as equipped with a heating element.

To facilitate work in a confined space and minimize damage to the temperature chamber, loading / unloading of the equipment under test or cooled workpieces is carried out inside a specialized frame (12), a sketch of which is shown in Fig. 2. In the case of work with oversized products, the frame design (12) provides for the dismantling of segments directed towards the engine room and the opposite.

Loading of oversized samples, assemblies, units is carried out using a double-leaf, heat-insulated, sealed around the entire perimeter, providing complete sealing of the door (11), equipped with a heating element. Access to the cooling chamber is carried out with the help of a standard heat-insulated, sealed around the entire perimeter, ensuring complete sealing, doors (13) of a standard light opening, standard, also equipped with a heating element.

To ensure the flow of air and the outflow of exhaust gases when testing the units in operation, a corresponding valve (10) is provided in the vertical wall of the temperature chamber (2).

The cooling system is made according to the scheme with direct expansion - DX-scheme (see the gas-hydraulic scheme shown in figure 3). In the air cooler (14), the liquid refrigerant R404A boils at a temperature of minus 20 ° C.

The saturated vapor of the refrigerant with droplets of the liquid phase enters the liquid separator (26), where the liquid and vapor phases are separated. From there, the refrigerant vapor is sucked in by the compressor (24).

In the compressor (24), the refrigerant vapor is compressed to a discharge pressure corresponding to the condensing temperature in the condenser (32).

In the condenser (32), the refrigerant vapor is cooled by heat exchange with the environment (outside air) and undergoes a phase transition (condenses).

From the condenser, the liquid refrigerant enters the linear receiver (35), and then to the evaporative system - to the air cooler (14).

In the compressor (24), refrigerant vapors are compressed from a suction pressure corresponding to the evaporating temperature in the air cooler (14) to a discharge pressure corresponding to the condensing temperature in the condenser (32).

In order to ensure the optimal lubrication of the compressor (24) at the time of start-up, the heating element (25) is used, which ensures the optimal temperature of the oil in the compressor crankcase (24). In addition, at low air temperatures during prolonged downtime, the refrigerant can be dissolved in large quantities in the oil, which is a negative factor.

To prevent a dangerous increase in the discharge pressure above the set value, a high pressure safety pressure switch (30) is used. When the set value is exceeded, the pressure switch (30) gives a signal to turn off the compressor (24). The return to the initial state of the pressure switch (30) is carried out automatically when the discharge pressure drops below the setpoint value.

The refrigerant vapor enters the air condenser (32) via the discharge line. There, giving off heat to the environment, the refrigerant condenses.

Maintaining a constant level of condensing pressure in the refrigerant circuit, regardless of the outside temperature, is carried out by a signal from the pressure sensor (33) by the control controller according to the "speed" algorithm using a speed controller. If the condensing pressure rises above the maximum set point, the capacity of the compressor (24) is reduced.

The condensed refrigerant from the condenser (32) enters the linear receiver (35).

If the condensing pressure exceeds the maximum setpoint signal from the pressure sensor (33), the capacity of the compressor (24) decreases.

A filter drier (36) is used to remove moisture from the system. A moisture indicator (37) is used to visually assess the level of moisture in the system.

From the linear receiver (35), the refrigerant, passing through a throttling device - an electric control valve (ERV) (17), enters the air cooler (14).

When the liquid refrigerant passes through the EEV (17), the refrigerant is throttled from the condensing pressure to the boiling pressure. The ERV (17) is controlled by the control unit according to signals from the corresponding pressure sensor (185) and temperature (20).

ERV (17) provides a predetermined amount of refrigerant overheating at the outlet of the air cooler (14). In the air cooler (14), the refrigerant boils at a temperature of minus 20 ° C (design mode), while taking heat from the air in the cooled volume.

From the air cooler (14), refrigerant vapors are sucked off by the compressor (24), while passing along the way through the liquid separator (26). Then the cycle is repeated.

The capacity control of the compressor unit is carried out by smoothly changing the capacity of the compressor (24) using a frequency regulator.

The control signal for changing the capacity comes from the control controller. The parameters are taken from temperature sensors installed inside the temperature chamber (2). As the temperature in the refrigerated space decreases, the controller sends a signal for a corresponding decrease in compressor performance (24). The solenoid valve (15) works in conjunction with the compressor of the unit: the compressor turned on - the solenoid (15) opened, the compressor turned off - the solenoid (15) closed.

To prevent freezing on the surface of the air cooler (14) of the snow coat, the air cooler periodically goes into defrost mode. The duration and cyclicity are determined during operation. Defrost can be performed both in automatic and manual mode by forcibly switching it on by the operator from the front panel of the control controller. The defrost end temperature safety sensor (21) protects the heat exchanger unit of the air cooler (14) from excessive overheating.

The temperature indication in the refrigerated space is carried out by a signal from the temperature sensor (22) on the control panel display.

To monitor the surface of the heat exchange unit of the air cooler (14) for freezing of the snow coat, a relay (23) is provided for the difference in air pressures at the inlet and outlet in the direction of travel.

To cool the engine room during the operation of the stand, a fan (8) and an air intake grille (9) are provided (see Fig. 1).

At the NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - Central Research Institute of KM "Prometey", an experimental model of a multifunctional mobile stand has been created, which is used for temperature testing of units and large-sized structures made of structural materials.

The technical and economic effect achieved from the implementation of the claimed invention consists in solving the problem of ensuring the testing of equipment in conditions as close as possible to full-scale ones, by creating the required temperature, as well as in solving the problem of cooling large-sized samples for testing them.

The stand can be transported by land (road / rail), air and water transport, taking into account the climatic features of the region in accordance with GOST 15846-2002. When transporting, the same precautions should be followed as when transporting fragile goods.

Claims (4)

1. Multifunctional mobile test bench for temperature tests, including an engine room, a temperature chamber, a cooling system, temperature control systems in the chamber and individual units of a multifunctional mobile test bench, connected to an external control computer, characterized in that the basis of a multifunctional mobile temperature test bench is a transport a container divided into an engine room and a temperature chamber, while the temperature chamber is a completely insulated circuit, access to the temperature chamber is through a sealed door, thermally insulated and sealed along the entire perimeter, the cooling system is made according to a direct expansion scheme. 2. Multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling system includes an air cooler, a pipeline, a liquid separator, a compressor, a condenser, a linear receiver, a high pressure safety pressure switch, a pressure sensor and a humidity indicator. 3. A multifunctional mobile stand for temperature testing according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature chamber is equipped with a guide frame for loading large test specimens. 4. Multifunctional mobile stand for temperature tests according to claim 1, characterized in that all the elements of the stand inside the temperature chamber are made in anticorrosive design and protected from moisture and temperature.

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