RU2762192C1 - Method for producing coking product - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: coking product production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for manufacturing a coking product (VK) obtained by solidification of a carbon carrier material, intended for use in the production of metals, metal alloys and metallurgical products or as an intermediate product for the manufacture of graphite elements and has a close-to-final monolithic geometry. A method in which a container (2, 202, 302) is prepared, which delimits the inner space and contains a loading opening, as well as a heating device (10, 210, 310) for heating the container (2, 202, 302) loaded into the inner space (3) ) material (K) of the carbon carrier. Loaded through the feed opening into the inner space (3), the flowable or free-flowing material (K), the carbon carrier is fed through the feed opening into the container (2), and it contains a liquid or meltable coking carbon component, as well as an optionally solid coking carbon component and also optionally an additive that serves to adjust the characteristics of the material (K) of the carbon carrier. The carbon carrier material loaded into the inner space (3) is heated by means of a heating device (10, 210, 310) to the coking temperature, and said carbon carrier material (K) is kept at the coking temperature, respectively, until it hardens as a result of coking to the type of coking product (VK), and from the container (2, 202, 302) gas is removed, which during heating and retention escapes from the material (K) of the carbon carrier. Thereafter, the thus obtained coking product (VK) is removed from the vessel (2, 202, 302).

EFFECT: creation of a high-density coking product.

10 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a coking product obtained by solidification of a carbon carrier material intended for use in the production of metals, metal alloys and metallurgical products or as an intermediate product for the manufacture of graphite elements and has a close-to-final, monolithic geometry, as well as a density of at least measure, 1.4 g / cm ³ .

Produced and prepared in accordance with the invention, coking products are used, for example, as anodes in the production of aluminum or as electrodes in the smelting of ore or metallurgical processing of steels in electric arc furnaces, as well as in reduction furnaces.

For an overview of the state of the art in the manufacture of electrodes for metallurgical processing of metals or metal alloys, see Rick Adams, Wilhelm Fros, Hubert Jaeger and Keith Roussell and the 2007 American Carbon Society article "Graphite Electrode and Needle Coke Development." available under the URL http://acs.omnibooksonline.com/data/papers/2007_D031(K).pdf.

Accordingly, carbon is prepared in solid form, usually in the form of coke, to make coking products of the type contemplated herein. In this case, coke is produced in a manner known per se, as a rule, from waste generated during oil refining or other petrochemical processes. In this case, coking carbon carriers, such as, for example, waste formed during the distillation of petroleum or comparable carbon carriers, are subjected to coking. Alternatively, coal tar pitch is used as a starting material for coking. If necessary, the so-called green coke is calcined additionally in order to eliminate, in particular, volatile hydrocarbons still present in the petroleum coke.

For applications where extremely stringent mechanical load requirements are imposed while minimizing thermal expansion, such as ore smelting or steel metallurgical processing in electric arc furnaces, so-called needle coke is commonly used. It belongs to the highest quality level and can only be produced at higher costs (DE 10 2004 035 934 A1). For applications in which less stringent requirements are imposed on mechanical loading or thermal expansion characteristics, expensive needle coke can be partially or completely replaced by a less expensive grade of coke or other carbon carrier (eg, anthracite coal).

The coke is ground to a free-flowing granular substance, from which usually eight particle size fractions are separated by sieving. Typically, coke of different particle size fractions is blended to a type of coke particle size distribution with a grain size distribution that is considered optimal with respect to achieving the desired graphical element characteristics. At the same time, to achieve sufficient density, mixtures are usually created that consist of a third of dust and two-thirds of grain. It is assumed that the coke dust fills the spaces between the coke grains. Additives such as iron oxide can be added to the appropriate mixture. Iron oxide minimizes the irreversible thermal expansion of the coke (“Puffing”), which occurs during the subsequent heat treatment, if sulfur still present in the coke is released from the carbon lattice.

Usually, the granulometric mixture preheated to shorten the duration of the process is mixed with a binder, for example, coal tar pitch, stearic acid or mixtures of these binders to the form of a plastically deformable, pasty, homogeneously mixed mass, the proportion of the binder in which is usually 20-24 wt.% ... The resulting mass of carbon and a binder, which is also called "green mass", is molded by pressing, extrusion, vibration or tamping and molded into the so-called "raw" type. During this process, the temperature is below the temperature of the mixture, so at this point in time a thick, highly viscous mass is formed.

Then the raw materials are slowly heated with the removal of oxygen to a temperature of usually 800-950 ° C. During this firing process, part of the binder is converted into gas, which must escape from the raw material. This gassing results in slow heating, otherwise cracking could occur due to the gas pressure in the raw material and thus instability of the carbon or graphite element to be made.

Depending on the binder system used, approximately one third of the weight of the binder used is lost during the firing process. The binder escaping from the raw material in the form of a gas leaves hollow spaces in the intermediate product obtained after firing, which cause a reduced density of the intermediate product. It is usually not sufficient for the manufacture of carbon or graphical elements, which have high electrical conductivity and strength requirements, for example, as for graphite electrodes for melting or processing steel. Therefore, the intermediate product obtained after the first calcination is usually subjected to a so-called "impregnation" before further processing. For this, a heated impregnating agent, the viscosity of which is lower than the viscosity of the initially used binder, usually coal tar pitch, is pressed into the intermediate product in order to fill the pores present therein. In this case, part of the previously impregnated impregnating agent volatilizes again, as a result of which the intermediate product inevitably also after the impregnation step contains open pores not filled with carbon. Accordingly, the impregnation process must be repeated as needed until the density of the intermediate product is reached, which is required for subsequent processing.

For subsequent processing to the form of a graphite element with the highest quality, the process of graphitization of the intermediate product is carried out. In this case, the carbon contained in the intermediate product, as a result of heating to about 2800 ° C, is converted into graphite, which is characterized by an increasing three-dimensional distribution of carbon atoms. Typically, the so-called "Acheson process" or the economical "Castner process", the so-called longitudinal graphitization (LWG), is used here. Due to the lowest possible sulfur and nitrogen content in the starting material and, therefore, a lower tendency to swell, it is possible to support the process and the success of the graphitization. As mentioned, the negative effects of the nitrogen and sulfur still present in the intermediate product can also be reduced by using suitable additives, for example iron oxide, or by targeted temperature control during graphitization.

Methods based on the so-called "Soderberg process" (see, for example, US 1,440,724 A, US 1,640,735A), prevent the costs associated with the manufacture of graphite elements with molding the green, calcining the raw to the form of an intermediate product and the graphitization process.

In the case of the embodiment of this method described in document US 3,365,533 A, a pasty carbon carrier consisting of a mixture of granular coke and a resin distillate serving as a binder is filled in a tubular electrode body directed at one end into the space of a reduction furnace (electric arc furnace) for melting / reducing ore, for example phosphorus, tantalum or ferromanganese. The body of the electrode consists of electrically conductive carbon steel. A current is applied to the electrode body, which is transmitted to the carbon carrier filling the body. Thus, an arc is ignited in the furnace space, under the influence of which the temperatures in the region of the electrode protruding into the furnace space rise to values above 2000 ° C. As a result, a temperature drop occurs in the carbon carrier contained in the electrode housing, as a result of which the paste-like carbon carrier is kept in a molten state in the upper region of the electrode at a temperature of about 200 ° C. In the direction of the end of the electrode facing the furnace space, the temperature of the carbon carrier increases steadily. In this case, in the temperature range from 400 ° C to 600 ° C, the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds contained in the carbon carrier occurs. The gases released in this case should be able to escape towards the upper end of the electrode protruding into the furnace space. At the same time, carbon originating from hydrocarbon compounds must fill the free spaces between the coke grains. This process continues as it approaches the electrode tip protruding into the furnace space until the electrode tip protruding into the furnace space is formed from the carbon carrier as a solid, compact body. In the melting mode, the electrode is consumed and to maintain the electric arc in the furnace space, it must be pushed from above.

In the case of another variant of the Soderberg process, which is described in document DE 600 01 106 T2, an electrode with a cylindrical container is also placed in the steel alloy melting furnace, which is led through the lining of the furnace with its upper open end. The container is molded from electrically conductive stainless steel. Above its open upper end, the container is covered with unannealed pieces of the electrode mass. On its way to the also open lower end of the container, the electrode mass, as a result of the supply of heat by heated air directed in the central region around the electrode container, turns into a liquid state until it reaches a structure in the form of a plate for connecting an electric current located in the region at the boundary with the bottom outlet of the container. Due to the high temperatures acting in the region of the electrode tip protruding into the furnace space, the electrode mass is also fired there in the “right place”. The solid element of the electrode, annealed in this way from the electrode mass, is continuously transported from the lower outlet of the container into the furnace space and is used as an electrode for supplying electrical energy, with the help of which the electric arc is maintained and, thus, the melting process in the furnace. The problem of ensuring a certain thickness of the thus obtained graphite element is also touched upon here to the same extent as the adjustment of certain mechanical or other characteristics that are important for the use of the coking products of the invention.

Along with the prior art explained above, from the application US Pat. No. 4,472,245A, a method is known for the thermal treatment of carbonizable materials, for example, wood, paper, plastic, rubber, hydrocarbon-containing mineral substances, shale oil and oil sand, with the aim of generating gas from a charge component. For this, the material to be charred is fed in a free-flowing form into the combustion chamber of the electric shaft furnace. A vertically directed first electrode, fixed on the furnace cover, protrudes into the combustion chamber of the furnace and enters with its end region into the bulk material of the material to be processed contained in the combustion chamber of the furnace. The second electrode is located at the base of the working space of the furnace. When an electric voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric current flows through the material loaded into the furnace, which is thus heated. The resulting gas, in which case we are talking in particular about hydrogen and carbon monoxide, is removed from the furnace through the openings. Residues in the form of soft ash or unbound pyrolysis coke are removed through an opening in the base of the oven.

In addition, from the application US 2008/256852 A1, a multistage oil refining method is known, in which a mixture of coal and oil is coked in the second stage of refining. For this purpose, the mixture of coal and oil is loaded into a Delayed Coker and heated. In this case, a carbon product is formed as a by-product, which should be suitable for use as an anode in the manufacture of aluminum. More detailed details of the type and method of carrying out the coking process are not explained.

Finally, from the application US, 4,106,996 A, a method is known for improving the mechanical stability of coke, in which a mixture ("liquor") of finely ground coal and oil with an oil fraction of 5-30 wt. % first at a temperature of 100 ° C is molded into briquettes and then into round granules. These pellets are loaded into a coke oven, where they are coked by a hot gas stream passing through holes in the base of the oven.

Based on the prior art explained above, the task is to propose a method by which, at low costs, it is possible to create a coking product, which, due to its high density, can be used for direct use in the production of metals, metal alloys and metallurgical products or as an intermediate product for the manufacture of corresponding graphite elements, the characteristics of which are subject to the most stringent requirements.

The problem is solved using the method specified in claim 1 of the claims.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims and are explained in detail below as a general idea of the invention.

The method for producing a coking product according to the invention accordingly comprises the following working steps:

a) Preparation of a container, which defines the inner space and contains a feed opening for loading a fluid or free-flowing carbon carrier into the inner space, as well as a heating device for heating the carbon loaded into the inner space;

b) Introduction of a carbon carrier through a feed opening into the interior of the container, the carbon carrier comprising a liquid-convertible coking component and optionally solid, in particular coking carbon components and optionally also additives that serve to achieve the characteristics of the carbon carrier;

c) Heating the carbon carrier loaded into the inner space of the container by means of a heating device to the coking temperature, and the carbon carrier heated to the corresponding coking temperature is kept at the coking temperature for as long as the carbon carrier held at the coking temperature is hardened by coking to the type of coking product;

- moreover, during the working step c) there is a relative movement directed along the longitudinal axis of the container between the correspondingly heated material of the carbon carrier and the heating device,

- while the heat given off by the heating device accordingly covers only a partial volume of the carbon carrier material loaded into the interior space, extending over a certain partial height section of the interior space of the container,

and

- either the carbon carrier material loaded into the inner space of the container is stationary, while the heating zone is moved, starting from the base located at the bottom in the direction of gravity against the direction of gravity in the direction of the upper end of the container,

or

- the heating device is stationary, and the carbon carrier material loaded into the container is moved relative to the heating device, while either the container with the loaded carbon carrier material is moved along the stationary heating device, or an outlet is provided in the base of the container through which the coking product in the form of formed the hardened material of the carbon carrier is continuously removed from the container (step e));

d) Moreover, the gas that escapes from the carbon carrier during heating and retention (working step c)) is removed from the container;

f) Removing the coking product from the container.

To further improve the coking products produced by performing the work steps a) to e), which are mandatory in accordance with the invention, in particular to improve the quality of the graphitized products, after the work step e) they can optionally also undergo the following work steps:

f) Annealing the coking product;

g) Impregnation of the coking product with a carbon-based liquid filler and subsequent re-annealing of the impregnated coking product;

h) Making a graphite product by graphitizing a coking product.

In contrast to the conventional method, in which a granular starting product is used, which, by mixing with a binder, is converted into a moldable mass for forming a raw material, which is then subjected to coking, the method according to the invention starts from a flowable starting product, namely from a carbon carrier material, the most important the component of which is a liquid or liquid carbon carrier, and the carbon carrier material may also contain solid components and other solid or liquid constituents (additives), without losing, however, its liquid character.

In this case, as additives, you can use, for example, iron oxide or titanium oxide to prevent the swelling effect, a boron source, for example, pure boron or boron carbide to improve the crystal structure and, thereby, reduce the coefficients of thermal expansion, or carbon or graphite fibers, which improve the mechanical properties and also reduce the coefficients of thermal expansion.

To obtain a coking product, the mechanical, thermal and electrical characteristics of which meet the most stringent requirements, a carbon-rich coking product is used as a carbon carrier material, which is liquid already at room temperature or due to heating and, consequently, the resulting melting goes into a fluid state, in any case is liquid in the process of coking.

The carbon carrier materials used in accordance with the invention are usually obtained by processing oil from the black fraction as a waste in the distillation of oil, from petroleum derivatives, from derivatives of coal tar pitch, liquid-phase pyrolysis (other fluid organic components). It is also possible to use products from biomass processing, such as cellulose, sugar or starch. In this case, the above-mentioned materials are mentioned here only by way of example. It goes without saying that for the purposes of the invention, other carbon-containing substances can also be used which are present in liquid form or which can be melted or coked into a liquid form. Accordingly, the liquid or liquid carbon component of the carbon carrier material consists, in particular, of at least one component of the following group: resins or products from biomass processing, cellulose, sugar and starch. "

As a solid carbon component in the carbon carrier material used in accordance with the invention, at least one component of the following group may be present: processing of carbon fibers ", these materials are also mentioned only by way of example and, of course, other carbon-containing by-products present in solid form can also be used for the purposes of the invention.

The coking products obtained according to the invention can be used as carbon sources in those applications in which they serve as reactants or electrodes for chemical and electrochemical reactions. In this case, the main field of application is the use in plants for the production of aluminum, in which case the coking products manufactured in accordance with the invention can be used as anodes or cathodes, in particular as anodes, without the need for additional working steps to change their structure or density.

If high mechanical, electrical and, in particular, thermal requirements are imposed on the coking products according to the invention, then in addition to the working steps a) to e) of the method according to the invention, the already mentioned optional working steps f) to h) can be performed. Thus, the coking products obtained in accordance with the invention can be used as an intermediate product for the production of high-quality graphite elements, which are required, for example, in the smelting of ore or in the metallurgical processing of steel in electrometallurgical plants.

When using the invention as a starting material of a carbon carrier material, consisting mainly of liquid and liquid components, it is possible to produce a coking product with low porosity. In this case, using the method of action according to the invention, an extremely small number of incorporated gas bubbles in the resulting coking product is achieved. The dimensions of the container, which determines the shape of the coking product obtained in accordance with the invention, can be selected in such a way that, taking into account the necessary processing allowance, they correspond to the final size agreed upon for a particular purpose of use.

The container according to the invention can be manufactured in a manner known per se from sufficiently heat-resistant sheet steel.

In order to facilitate the removal of the finished coking product from the container at the working stage a), the container on its inner surfaces limiting the internal space of the container can be equipped, at least in the area, with a sliding coating. To this end, a separately prefabricated liner can be inserted into the interior of the container, which is closely adjacent to the inner surface of the container, or a coating made of a suitable material can be applied directly to the corresponding inner surface. Light metal, in particular aluminum, but also thin sheet steel, can be used as material for the sliding surface.

In working step b) of the method according to the invention, the flowable carbon carrier material is introduced through the inlet of the container into the interior of the container. In this case, the loading opening can be formed by a supply pipe or the like, which is led through the casing, wall or cover of the container into the inner space limited by it.

In order to increase the fluidity of the liquid or molten carbon component introduced in accordance with the invention into the container, it may be advantageous to preheat the carbon component itself or all of the carbon carrier material before loading into the interior of the container. In this case, the preheating is preferably carried out in such a way that the possibly present, attributed to the liquid components, the molten carbon component, when it enters the container, is already transferred to the liquid state. However, the heating in the container can also be carried out in such a way that first the optimum liquid state of the carbon carrier material is reached and then the coking process is started.

According to the first embodiment, filling can be carried out in such a way that first the total amount of carbon carrier material to be coked is charged into the container (working step b)) and only after filling is heated to the coking temperature and the coking temperature is maintained (working step c)), then ie, heating of the carbon carrier material begins only after the loading of the carbon carrier material has been completed (step b)).

In accordance with the second variant, it is also possible to start heating the partial volume of the carbon carrier material loaded into the container, which is necessary to obtain the coking product (step c)), already during the loading of the next carbon carrier material into the interior (step b)).

While the first option allows for simplified process control, the second option allows the production of particularly dense, high-quality coking products with minimal porosity.

The coking temperatures set in accordance with the invention during the coking process (work step c)) are usually 450-900 ° C, and at coking temperatures of at least 600 ° C for a coking duration that satisfies practical requirements, a complete coking in the technical sense can be can be reliably achieved also with bulky coking products.

At the same time, when adjusting the coking temperature in the range of 450-900 ° C, a constant presence in the process of the amount of flowable material of the carbon carrier is ensured, sufficient for the independent filling of the pores arising in the process of degassing in the partial volume of the material of the carbon carrier in the state of coking with the leaking material of the carbon carrier. Due to the adherent flowable carbon carrier material, which fills the holes and cavities left by gases inevitable during coking, in accordance with the invention, an optimally high density of the coking product obtained is ensured.

It was found that with the process according to the invention it is possible, by adjusting the coking temperature, to directly influence the electrical conductivity of the products manufactured according to the invention. Thus, the electrical conductivity increases with an increase in the coking temperature. Therefore, by setting high coking temperatures already for the coking product obtained in accordance with the invention, it is possible to achieve conductivity values that allow direct graphitization or other direct use of these products in accordance with the coking process according to the invention. Thus, the products manufactured in accordance with the invention can be used, for example, directly as anodes or cathodes, in particular as anodes in the production of aluminum.

At a coking temperature of at least 650 ° C, a further significant decrease in electrical resistance occurs, with optimally lower resistances of 10-50 Ohm and, therefore, the resulting optimal electrical conductivity occur at coking temperatures of at least 800 ° C. In this case, by suitably adjusting the coking temperature, usually at least 800 ° C., the possibility of longitudinal graphitization of the coking product is achieved already in the course of the process according to the invention.

At coking temperatures exceeding the upper limit of 1200 ° C, the improvement in electrical conductivity no longer occurs, so that in practice the coking temperature range can be limited to this upper limit as much as possible.

In order to minimize the formation of gas bubbles in the coke, the invention provides for a suitable temperature and quantity regime, in particular, when passing the temperature range of 450-600 ° C, so that:

a) ensure the presence of a sufficient amount of liquid carbon material to automatically fill the resulting pores;

b) at the same time keep the amount of liquid carbon carrier material as small as possible in order to improve the suction and removal of the resulting gas bubbles,

c) ensure a continuous coking process, and

d) prevent spontaneous coking and, consequently, "freezing" of gas bubbles.

The duration of coking, during which the carbon carrier material is held at the appropriate coking temperature, is directly dependent on the correspondingly heated volume. The duration of coking must be determined in such a way that the carbon carrier material, correspondingly kept at the coking temperature, is, in the technical sense, completely coked after the coking time has elapsed. The duration of coking depends on the volume to be coked and, in the case of successive filling, on the progress of the filling process. Typical coking times for high volume coking products, eg electrodes, are here in practice from 6 to 96 hours. When producing coking products with smaller volumes or cross sections, the coking times can also be less than one hour.

To support the release of the gas formed during coking from the carbon carrier material, a vacuum can be created in the inner space of the vessel. As a result, a reduced pressure arises in the inner space of the container above the carbon carrier material loaded into it, which can drop down to a vacuum. Suitable absolute pressures for this are in the range from 1 to 50 hPa.

With the method according to the invention, the type and method of filling the mold (step b)) and heating (step c)) can be selected depending on the requirements for the density distribution of the coking products produced according to the invention. For example, if there is a requirement that a maximum density be present in the outer edge regions of the coking products over a sufficient thickness over a sufficient thickness, as opposed to a known residual porosity in the central region of the core, it may be sufficient that a stationary a heating device enclosing the total volume of the flowable carbon carrier material loaded into the container. In this case, the coking process extends from the edge region of the carbon carrier material, which is first and most intensively covered by the heat generated by the heating device, adjacent to the inner surface of the container, towards the region of the core of the carbon carrier material. In this case, gas bubbles generated during coking can escape through the region of the core of the carbon carrier material, which still remains liquid for a long time. At the same time, the carbon carrier material from the liquid core region is pressed into the pores left by gas bubbles in the corresponding already coked edge region, as a result of which an optimally dense edge region with a substantial thickness is formed in the finished coking product. Only at the last stage of coking, namely when the central region of the core is coked, is it possible to catch gas bubbles there. However, the diameter of the resulting pores of the corresponding core region is so small in comparison with the thickness of the optimally dense edge layer of the coking product thus produced according to the invention, that it can be neglected when used, for example, as an electrode for a reduction furnace.

The minimum porosity of the coking product produced in accordance with the invention throughout its entire cross-section and thus at the same time optimum density can be achieved by performing, during the working step c), a relative movement directed along the longitudinal axis of the shape between the suitably heated material of the carbon carrier and formed by the heating device heating zone. It is possible to execute this relative movement continuously or step by step. With continuous relative motion, it is also possible to vary the speed of this motion depending on the progress of coking of the carbon carrier material. In the same way, with a step-by-step relative movement, in which the heating zone or container, respectively, freezes for a certain time in one position until the heating zone or container moves to the next position, the duration of the thermal effect can be adjusted in relation to the volume of carbon carrier material occupied by the heating zone. by adjusting the processing time.

During the relative movement of the heating zone relative to the carbon carrier material or the carbon carrier material relative to the heating zone, it is possible to achieve the propagation of the coking process not only in the direction from the outer edge to the central region of the core of the correspondingly heated heating device of the volume loaded into the inner space of the container of the carbon carrier material, as in in the case of the variant explained above, but also at the same time also in the direction of relative motion. In this way, a uniform increase in the correspondingly coked volume of the carbon carrier material can be achieved throughout the entire transverse movement and therefore a high density can be achieved also in the core region of the coking product obtained in accordance with the invention.

According to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, the heat given off by the heating device in the heating zone accordingly covers only a partial volume of the carbon carrier material loaded into the heating (working step c)) in a stationary state, in contrast to which the heating zone formed by the corresponding heating device moves from the base located at the bottom in the direction of gravity against the direction of gravity in the direction of the upper end of the container. Gas bubbles escaping from the partial volumes of the carbon carrier material contained inside the container, heated by the heating device to the coking temperature, can escape through the liquid carbon carrier material, which is located above the partial volumes of material, which are respectively in the coking process (step c)), covered by the heat of the heating device of the carbon carrier, upwards against the direction of gravity, while simultaneously under the action of gravity, the liquid carbon carrier material penetrates under gravitational pressure into the holes and hollow spaces left by gas bubbles in the already coked carbon carrier material and fills them, as a result of which they independently obtain a generally dense, substantially pore-free coking product.

In this case, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if, with the method according to the invention, the filling of the container and the heating of the correspondingly contained carbon carrier material in the container can be carried out in parallel in time. In this way, the amount of flowable carbon carrier material which, during the coking process of the correspondingly heated heating device of the partial volume, is located above this partial volume, can be controlled in such a way that, on the one hand, the distance traveled by the gas bubbles through the still liquid carbon carrier material is optimally short, on the other hand, however, the column of fluid carbon carrier material pressing on the already coked carbon carrier material is so large that a sufficient amount of fluid carbon carrier material is constantly present above the already coked volume of the carbon carrier material and the pressing of the fluid carbon material into the pores of the already coked carrier material is optimally supported carbon by its own weight is still liquid carbon carrier material.

When the container is stationary, the relative movement between the heating zone and the carbon carrier material contained in the container can be achieved by moving the heating device that forms the heating zone along the container.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible to provide a heating device extending over the entire length of the volume of carbon carrier material loaded into the container, which is divided in the longitudinal direction of the container into several heating segments. They can then be activated and deactivated alternately, as a result of which a continuous and stepwise movement of the heating zone formed by the heating device along the container is achieved.

In another variant of the method according to the invention, the heat emitted by the heating device in the heating zone also covers, respectively, only a partial volume of the carbon carrier material loaded into the the container, the material of the carbon carrier moves relative to the heating zone formed by the heating device. In principle, for this, the container with the carbon carrier material loaded therein can be moved along the stationary heating device.

With a particularly efficient implementation of this version of the method, based on a stationary heating device, which also makes it possible to obtain coking products with optimal characteristics, the container is mounted, however, stationary, while an outlet is provided at the base of the container through which the coking product is continuously taken away from the container (step e)) as a bundle formed by the carbon carrier material. In this design, the reservoir is thus designed as a kind of chill mold. At the same time, the heating device is mounted on the container in such a way, and the extraction rate with which the finished coked product of coking is continuously taken in the form of a rope from the container is selected in such a way that the carbon carrier material loaded in a fluid state into the container on its way to the outlet is in technical sense completely coked and in accordance with this hardened. In addition to the increased productivity, here too, a particular advantage lies in the fact that the volume of the flowable carbon carrier material, which is respectively located in the container above the already coked partial volume of the carbon carrier material, can be controlled in such a way that, on the one hand, the path to be traveled the gas bubble emerging from the coking process (step c)) is short and, on the other hand, there is always an amount of liquid carbon carrier material at hand, large enough to fill the pores left by the gas bubble in the already coked material carrier of carbon. In order to achieve the possibility of continuous subsequent processing, the coking product discharged in the form of a rope from the tank can optionally be subjected to accelerated cooling. From the obtained coking product tow, coking products can be obtained correspondingly with the desired length.

In embodiments in which relative motion occurs between the carbon carrier material and the heat source, the relative motion velocity depends on the diameter or cross-section of the product being produced. In this case, the speed decreases proportionally as the diameter or cross-sectional size increases due to the volume of the carbon carrier material covered by the heating zone in order to coke. When producing cylindrical electrodes with diameters typical for practice, the speed of relative movement between the heating zone and the carbon carrier material contained in the container is usually from 0.025 to 1.5 m / h, in particular from 0.05 to 0.5 m / h.

Removal of gas (step d)) escaping during the coking process (step c)) from the carbonized carbon carrier material can be supported by at least temporarily driving the carbon carrier material contained in the container. For this, for example, a vibrating device or the like can be provided which excites, in general or in regions, vibrations in the carbon carrier material contained in the container, the frequency of which is ideally in the range from 0.5 Hz to 50 kHz.

The heating device used according to the invention for heating the carbon carrier material can be designed in such a way that it creates a certain temperature profile within the contained in the container material of the carbon carrier, respectively surrounded by heat, the heating device. Thus, in particular, in the case of method variants in which a relative movement occurs between the heating zone formed by the corresponding heating device and the material of the carbon carrier, it can be, for example, expedient to operate the heating device in such a way that, the carbon carrier is slowly heated to the appropriate coking temperature, that is, the heating power acting on the respective partial volume of the carbon carrier material increases as the corresponding partial volume enters the zone of action of the heating device and as the longer it is exposed to the heat emitted by the heating device.

The method according to the invention provides for the production of coking products which, already during coking, have a geometry close to the final one. This eliminates the working steps of coke preparation, mixing, shaping and first calcining, which are common in the manufacture of electrodes, and it becomes possible to dispense with impregnation and re-calcination of the coking product obtained in accordance with the invention to produce a fully graphitized end product. Thus, the method according to the invention allows, already without impregnation, to obtain coking products with high strength and completely. They are characterized in that they have an average density of at least 1.4 g / cm ³ , and regularly reach a density of at least 1.5 g / m ³ .

Due to the fact that, with the method according to the invention, a monolithic structure that is precise in terms of final dimensions is realized already during the coking process, it is distinguished by a high mechanical strength. In addition, due to the targeted application of heat, it is possible to control the spatial expression of the physicochemical properties of coke. In particular, due to this, it is possible to achieve a high electrical conductivity in the longitudinal direction, as well as a small coefficient of thermal expansion.

The invention is explained below in more detail on the basis of the drawing showing an example of execution. The figures show respectively schematically:

fig. 1a-1d show a device for the manufacture of a coking product at four production points of time spaced apart at the same time interval, respectively, in section along the longitudinal axis of the device;

fig. 2a-2d show a second device for producing a coking product at four production points of time spaced apart at the same time interval, respectively, in section along the longitudinal axis of the device;

fig. 3 shows a third device for producing a coking product in section along the longitudinal axis of the device;

fig. 4a shows a fourth device for producing coking product in section along the longitudinal axis of the device;

fig. 4b shows, in longitudinal section, the fabricated in the shown in FIG. 4a the device is a coking product.

Shown in FIG. 1a-1d, the device 1 for the production of a coking product VK contains a container 2, which is vertically oriented with its longitudinal axis L and has the shape of a cylinder, and is made of a heat-resistant material, for example, steel. commonly used in the market for this purpose. The container 2 defines an internal space 3, which expands in the upper portion 4 in the form of a funnel towards the upper edge of the container 2.

The narrow, cylindrical shape of the inner space 3 is selected in such a way that the coking product produced in the device 1 at the end of the coking process performed in the device 1 also has a narrow cylindrical shape, which is optimally close to the shape that the coking product VK or the graphite product obtained from should have. ... In this case, the dimensions of the coking product VK can include a processing allowance necessary for the final processing in order to ensure the prescribed dimensional stability or surface properties for the coking product VK or the graphite product obtained therefrom. So, in this case, the cylindrical shape formed by the inner space 3 of the container 2 corresponds in its similarity and size to the shape that graphite electrodes should have for use in electric arc furnaces of steel plants. In the same way, by the shape of the inner space 3, the following shapes of coking products can be displayed, such as, for example, blocks formed by coked carbon carrier materials or the like. In this case, their shape can, for example, be optimally matched to the particulars of the aluminum production plants, if necessary also including the required machining allowance.

The inner surfaces of the container 2, which delimit the interior space 3, can, at least in a region, be lined with a slip-resistant coating 5 used as a separating layer of aluminum material, which is in the form of a pre-fabricated and inserted insert into the interior space or by means of a suitable application method the coating is applied in a manner known per se directly to the respective areas of the inner surfaces.

The hole on the upper side of the container 2 is closed with a removable cover 6.

A feed pipe 7 is led through the cover 6 for loading the flowable material K of the carbon carrier into the inner space 3 of the container 2.

In addition, a suction pipe 8 is led through the cover 6, which is connected to a device for creating a vacuum, which is not shown here, with the help of which a vacuum can be created in the inner space 3 to suck out the gases present in the inner space 3.

The container 2 is mounted with its lower side on the base element 9, which locks the container 2 to its lower side.

In addition, the device 1 contains an electrically driven, adjustable heating device 10, which is arranged with its heating coils 11 in an annular manner and with a gap around the outer surface 12 of the container 2. The height H10 of the heating device 10 corresponds to a small fraction of the height H3 of the inner space 3 of the container 2. The height H3 can be, for example, up to 15 m, in contrast to which the height H10 is usually only 1 m.

The heating device 10 is mounted on an adjusting device 13, which is designed in a known manner to move the heating device 10 in the vertical direction V along the container 2. For this, the adjusting device 13 may comprise a linear guide 14 oriented parallel to the axis L, along which the heating device 10 can be moved using a linear actuator 15 of the adjusting device 13.

In addition, the device 1 contains a device 16 provided for loading the carbon carrier liquid material K loaded into the inner space 3 of the container 2 with vibrations with a frequency in the range from 0.5 Hz to 50 kHz. In order to achieve the most intense impact on the correspondingly still liquid, non-coked volume of material K of the carbon carrier, the vibration device 16 can also be attached to the adjusting device 13 and move during the coking process together with the heating device 10 along the container 2. In this case, the vibration device 16 is attached preferably above the heating device in order to ensure as optimal as possible the effect of the movement initiated by it of the still flowing material K of the carbon carrier.

For the production of a columnar coking product VK, the inner space 3 of the container 2 is filled through the feed pipe 7 with the flowable material K of the carbon carrier until the level SK of the carbon carrier material K contained in the inner space 3 reaches approximately the honey transition region with the funnel-shaped upper section 4 and located under him with the cylindrical part of the inner space 3.

During the loading process, the heating device 10 is positioned in its original position at the lower end of the container near the base member 9.

After the container 2 is filled with the flowable material K of the carbon carrier, the heating device 10 is loaded, for example, with electrical energy, as a result of which a partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier, which is respectively in the zone of action of the heating zone formed by the heating device 10, is gradually heated to the coking temperature 450-900 ° C, in particular 650-800 ° C. As a result of heating in the thus heated partial volume, decomposition processes begin, as a result of which gases are released in the still flowing material K of the carbon carrier, which in the form of gas bubbles G rise in the material K of the carbon carrier in the direction opposite to the direction SR of gravity. The space released as a result of decomposition processes in the material K of the carbon carrier is replaced by the self-pressing fluid material K of the carbon carrier present in the inner space 3 of the container 2 of the carbon carrier material by gravity. This process continues until a complete (in the technical sense) coking of the partial volume correspondingly heated by the heating device 10 in the heating zone formed by it occurs, its transition into a solid form. Since all of the void spaces released as a result of gassing were respectively directly filled with the pressure flowing material K of the carbon carrier, the density of the thus coked partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier is at least 1.4 g / cm ³ .

The removal of gas bubbles G from the material K of the carbon carrier is supported, on the one hand, mechanically by means of vibrations which the device 16 generates in the material K of the carbon carrier. On the other hand, the removal of gas bubbles G from the material K of the carbon carrier is facilitated by the fact that a vacuum is maintained in the interior space 3 of the container 2 by means of a suction pipe 8, which can reach a vacuum.

Since the coking due to symmetric heating comes from the sides of the interior space, the coking spreads from the outside to the inside. During coking of the outer layer, both in the region of the core and in the layer located above, there is a liquid, initially low viscosity carbon carrier material K, through which gas bubbles G can escape and which thus closes possible pores. This makes it possible to achieve a high density of the resulting coking product. When the core region is coked, the carbon carrier material K may leak from the layer above. Here, too, the pores are closed in this way.

If, nevertheless, the trapping of gas bubbles in the region of the CV of the core did not occur, then this has only a slight effect on the mechanical properties, since the neutral axis of the corresponding column-shaped products VK of coking runs along the corresponding region of the core and, in use, this region is thus not loaded increased tensile or compressive stresses.

After the coking of the partial volume of material K of the carbon carrier adjoining the base element 9, the heating device 10, which is still held in heating mode, and with it the vibration device 16, which is also still in an active state, is moved by means of the adjusting device 13 against the direction SR of the action of gravity by means of a linear drive 15 with continuous movement along the linear guide 14 in the direction of the upper end of the container 2.

The speed of the upward movement of the heating device 10 and the associated vibration device 16 is selected in such a way that the partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier, respectively in the zone of action of the heating zone 10 formed by the heating device 10, is heated in stages and then during the coking time is kept at the corresponding coking temperature sufficient for complete in the technical sense and, therefore, accompanying complete curing. In practice, for this purpose, transport speeds of the heating device 10 are provided, which are usually in the range of 0.025-1.5 m / h, in particular 0.05-0.5 m / h.

The movement of the heating device 10 is continued until the upper portion of the material K of the carbon carrier adjacent to the mirror SK of the material K of the carbon carrier is also coked. In this case, the mirror SK of the material K of the carbon carrier is lowered relative to the state with a new filling of the inner space 3 of the container 2 due to the gas escaping from the material K of the carbon carrier and the resulting volume loss.

After coking also the upper region BP of material K of the carbon carrier bordering on the mirror SK and its transition to a solid form, the container 2 is opened and the coking product VK formed in its internal space 3 is removed from the internal space 3. In this case, the remaining on the internal surfaces 3 limiting the internal space container 2, an insert or layer 5 facilitating sliding facilitates the extraction of the VK coking product.

If it is found that in the upper region BP of the coking product VK the required density of at least 1.4 g / cm ^{3 has} not been reached, since there, during coking, there was no sufficient amount of flowable carbon carrier material K to fill the left formed by gas bubbles G of the hollow spaces, the corresponding area BP is separated. It can be reused by grinding into fine particles, which are added as a solid carbon component to the carbon carrier material K prepared for the production of the following coking products VK in device 1.

For the production of a graphite electrode, required, for example, in an electric steel mill, the coking product VK thus obtained is subjected to a conventional graphitization process to give it a graphite structure. Due to the monolithic geometry, close to the final dimensions, already obtained with the device 1 in the manner described above after the first coking, the grinding, mixing, shaping processes usual in the traditional method, as well as the corresponding first firing, become unnecessary. Impregnation can also be dispensed with depending on the achieved product density. If it turns out that the density of the obtained coking product VK is too low, then before further processing of the coking product VK to the form of a graphite product, that is, a graphite electrode, impregnation can be carried out in the usual way to increase the density.

Shown in FIG. 2a-2d, the device 101 for the production of a coking product VK corresponds in its construction to that shown in FIG. 1a-1d device 1 with the difference that in the case of device 101, instead of the permanently mounted supply pipe 7 provided for in the case of device 1, a lance-shaped entry into the inner space 3 of the container 2 of the device 101 and a removable supply pipe 107 are provided. Maximum length of introduction of the supply pipe 107 is defined in such a way that the feed pipe 107, fully inserted into the inner space 3, ends exactly above the height mark H10, along which the heating zone formed by the heating device 10 extends in the initial position of the heating device 10 (Fig. 2a). In this way, the negative effects of splashes that can occur during the coking process are prevented.

For the production of a column-shaped coking product VK in the case of device 101, the inner space 3 of the container 2 is filled through the feed pipe 107 with a partial volume of the flowable material K of the carbon carrier until the level SK of the material K of the carbon carrier contained in the inner space 3 exceeds the height mark H10 , along which the heating zone formed by the heating device 10 in its initial position (Fig. 2a) extends.

Finally, this partial volume of the carbon carrier material K, which forms the lower region of the coking product VK to be manufactured, is heated in stages and in a controlled manner in the device 1 to the coking temperature.

With the onset of coking, the next fluid material K of the carbon carrier is supplied quasi-continuously through a raised feed pipe 107 quasi-continuously, and, if necessary, heated to liquefy the material K of the carbon carrier, and by means of the adjusting device 13, the heating device 10 is moved with the vibration device 16 already described above. for the device 1 in such a way along the container 2. The movement of the feed pipe 107, which is adjustable in height by means of an adjustment device not shown here, and the movement of the heating device 10 are coordinated with each other in such a way that the vertical distance between the heating device 10 and the free, protruding into the material K the end of the feed tube 107 remains unchanged. In this case, the free end of the feed pipe 107 constantly remains close to the mirror SK of the carbon carrier material K loaded into the container until the maximum filling level of the container 2 is reached.

In this case, the height of the mirror SK of the material K of the carbon carrier is maintained in such a way that, above the partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier, which is in the stage of coking, there is always an amount of fluid material to the carbon carrier, sufficient to fill the voids left by the gas bubbles G that emerge from heated to the coking temperature and kept at the coking temperature of a partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier. The path that the gas bubbles G must then pass through the liquid carbon carrier material K is shorter than in the case of device 1, so that an even more optimal density of the coking product VK can be achieved.

FIG. 3 shows a device 201 for the production of a coking product VK, in which, in contrast to devices 1 and 101, the heating device 210 provided on the device 201 is permanently mounted, that is, stationary during operation, in contrast to which the material K of the carbon carrier to be coked is moved along the heating device 210 and coke along this path along the heating device 210 to the type of solid product VK of coking, which, according to the continuous casting principle, is continuously removed from the device 201.

For this purpose, the device 201 contains a container 202, which defines an internal space 3, which, like the internal spaces 3 of devices 1, 101, is expanded in the form of a funnel in the upper region and is closed by a lid 206. Here, through the lid 206, as well as through the lids 6 of the devices 1 , 101, a suction pipe 208 and a feed pipe 207 are drawn, located similarly to the feed pipe 7 of the device 1.

The cylindrical region 217 of the inner space 203, located under the funnel-shaped upper region, is made in the form of a chill open at the bottom and is much shorter than in the case of devices 1, 101. The limiting region 217 of the container 202 is located in the ring-shaped heating device 210, which extends over a substantial portion of the height of region 217. The heating coils 211 of the heating device are segment adjustable to provide an optimal temperature profile in the partial volume of the carbon carrier material K located in the heating zone formed by the heating device 10.

For the production of the coking product VK, first the outlet of the chill-type region 217 of the inner space 203 is closed with a plug and through the feed pipe 207 into the inner space 203 of the container 203 the first partial volume of the material K of the carbon carrier is loaded.

By means of a stationary heating device 210, the material K of the carbon carrier located in the zone of action of the heating zone formed by the heating device 210 is gradually and in a controlled manner heated to the coking temperature and held there until it is completely coked in a technical sense and transformed into a solid form.

During the coking process, the carbonized material K of the carbon carrier material K thus coked is continuously drawn in the form of a rope by means of a plug through its lower opening from the chill-shaped region 217 of the inner space 203 of the container 202. At the same time, a new one, heated at necessary material K is a carbon carrier. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate the extraction of the rope-shaped coking product VK, the lower opening region 218 of the region 217 can expand in a funnel-shaped manner in the direction SR of gravity. The values of the pulling forces are determined in such a way that the coking product can be continuously removed from the container 202, despite the vacuum / vacuum present in the container 202 above the carbon carrier material loaded therein.

The processes of extraction and reloading proceed simultaneously so slowly that the duration of processing, during which the material K of the carbon carrier reaching the heating device 210 is kept at the coking temperature, corresponds to the duration of coking, which is necessary for a complete coking in the technical sense.

In this case, as in the case of device 101, the height of the mirror SK of the flowable material K of the carbon carrier above the material K of the carbon carrier which has already hardened due to coking is controlled in such a way that, on the one hand, the gas bubbles G that emerge from the material K of the carbon carrier must pass only a short distance through the flowable material K of the carbon carrier before they, after leaving the material K of the carbon carrier, are sucked off through the suction tube 208, and, on the other hand, however, the amount of liquid material K of the carbon carrier is always available sufficient to fill the pores left by the gas bubbles G that have penetrated into the solidifying material K of the carbon carrier with the bulging liquid material K of the carbon carrier. Also with the aid of the device shown in FIG. 3 types, it is possible to produce optimally dense coking products with an optimally homogeneous distribution of properties.

The degassing of the gas bubbles G can be maintained by means of a vibrating device 216, which, as in the devices 1, 101, is located above the heating device 210, however, it is permanently mounted here, in accordance with the fixed arrangement of the heating device 210. As already mentioned, while functioning according to According to the chill principle, the vessel 202 is loaded in the region above the loaded carbon carrier material K by a vacuum / vacuum in order to support the removal of carbon carrier gases from the carbon carrier material K in the vessel 202, generated during the coking process.

Continuously drawn in the form of a rope from the device 201, the coking product VK, after leaving the container 202, passes through a cooling section 219, where it is rapidly cooled to room temperature. Finally, in the cutting device 220, the coking products VK are separated from the rope in a manner known per se with the desired length.

To achieve maximum productivity, as in the continuous casting of metal melts, here, by means of a central distributor not shown here, which feeds the chill-shaped regions 217 of the container with the material K of the carbon carrier, two or more such chill-shaped regions 217 can be provided with a correspondingly located thereon a heating device 210 and also a vibration device 216 mounted thereon.

FIG. 4a shows an apparatus 301 for the production of a coking product VK, which comprises a pot-shaped container 302 made of suitable steel material, which is closed by a lid 306. A suction pipe 308 is led through the lid 306, which is connected to the the suction device shown. The container 302 is located in a heating device 310, the stationary, annular heating coils 311 of which extend over the entire height of the container 302, as a result of which the heating device 310 can form a heating zone extending respectively over the entire height of the container 302.

To manufacture the coking product VK (Fig. 4b) in the form of a block, the lid 306 is removed from the container 302 and the fluid material K of the carbon carrier is loaded into the inner space 303 of the container 302. Finally, the container 302 is closed by installing the lid 306 and the carbon carrier material K contained in the container 302 is heated to a coking temperature of 450-900 ° C. When the coking temperature is reached, the process of coking and solidification of the material K of the carbon carrier begins, propagating in the direction from the side surfaces of the inner space 303. In this case, the KV region of the core of the material K of the carbon carrier remains fluid for a long time, as a result of which the gas bubbles G penetrated therein, For example, gas bubbles G escaping from the coking partial volume of material K of the carbon carrier move against gravity for a long time in the direction of the mirror SK of the material K of the carbon carrier contained in the container.

If the coking process has advanced so much that coking also occurs in the CV region of the core, then it may not be possible to trap gas bubbles G in the inner region RD of the core. However, the porosity present therein is harmless, since the coking products of the type produced in the device 301 are used in cases in which, in particular in the area of the outer edge regions of the coking product VK, the most stringent requirements are imposed on electrical conductivity and stability, while the quality the HF region of the core plays only an insignificant role. Such requirement profiles arise, for example, for plants for the production of aluminum, if there the coking products VK of the type produced according to the invention are to be used as anodes or cathodes, in particular as anodes.

The flowable material K of the carbon carrier used in the devices 1, 101, 201, 301 for the manufacture of the coking product VK, respectively, consists of the products formed during the distillation of petroleum products and the processing of coal, for example, resins and their derivatives, pitch. Flowable bitumen, tar, as well as biomass products such as cellulose products, sugar and starch or other products that can be coked. This carbon carrier material K is optionally mixed with granular coke or graphite with a grain size of max. 10 mm, and, if necessary, with one or more additives, for example, iron oxide, to prevent the swelling effect, a boron source, for example, boron carbide, to reduce the coefficients thermal expansion or improvement of the obtained crystal structure, or with carbon or graphite fibers, which contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties and also to a decrease in the coefficients of thermal expansion. In this case, the correspondingly used material K of the carbon carrier is at the process temperature in such a liquid state that, under the influence of gravity, it flows into the inner space 3, 103, 203, 303, respectively, limited by the container 2, 102, 2023, 302.

List of reference symbols

FIG. 12 one Device 2 Device capacity 1 3 Device capacity 2 4 Upper interior space 3 5 Slip-enhancing coating 6 Container lid 2 7 Feed pipe (feed hole) eight Suction pipe 9 Base element 10 Heating device eleven Heating coils of heating device 10 12 Outer surface of container 2 thirteen Adjusting device 14 Linear guide of the adjusting device 13 15 Linear drive of the adjusting device 13 sixteen Vibration device 101 Device for the manufacture of coking product 107 Feed pipe BP Area of material K adjacent to the mirror of the carbon carrier H10 Heating device height 10 H3 Interior height FIG. 3 201 Device for the manufacture of coking product 202 Capacity made as a chill mold 203 Internal space of a chill mold-type container 202 206 Lid 207 Feeding labor (feed hole) 208 Suction pipe 210 Heating device 211 Heating coils of the heating device 210 216 Vibration device 217 The lower open downward cylindrical region of the inner space 203 of the container 202 218 Lower, funnel-shaped opening region of region 217 219 Cooling section 220 Cutting device FIG. 4a, 4b 301 Device for the manufacture of VK coking product 302 Capacity 303 Internal space of container 302 306 Lid 308 Suction pipe 310 Heating device 311 Heating coils of the heating device 310 Kv Area of the core of the material K of the carbon carrier Are common: G Gas bubbles TO Flowable carbon carrier material L Longitudinal axis of the device 1 SR Direction of gravity SK Mirror of the material K of the carbon carrier, respectively contained in the inner space 3 of the container 2, 202, 302 V Vertical direction VK Coking product.

Claims (25)

1. A method of manufacturing a coking product (VK) obtained by solidification of a carbon carrier material, which is intended for use in the production of metals, metal alloys and metallurgical products or as an intermediate product for the manufacture of graphite elements and has a close-to-final monolithic geometry and density, at least 1.4 g / cm ³ , in which the following working steps are performed: a) preparation of the container (2, 202, 302), which - limits internal space (3) and - contains a loading opening for loading the flowable material (K) of the carbon carrier into the inner space (3), as well as - a heating device (10, 210, 310) for heating the material (K) of the carbon carrier loaded into the inner space (3) of the container (2, 202, 302); b) loading a flowable or free-flowing material (K) of the carbon carrier through the feed opening into the inner space (3) of the container (2, 202, 302), wherein the material (K) of the carbon carrier contains at least one liquid or meltable coking component, and optionally at least one solid coking carbon component and also optionally at least one additive, which serves to adjust the characteristics of the material (K) of the carbon carrier; c) heating the carbon carrier material (K) loaded into the inner space (3) of the container (2, 202, 302) using a heating device (10, 210, 310) to the coking temperature, and the carrier material (K) heated to the corresponding coking temperature carbon is held at the coking temperature until, as a result of coking, the material (K) of the carbon carrier held at the coking temperature hardens to the type of coking product (VK), - moreover, during the working step c) there is a relative movement directed along the longitudinal axis of the container (2, 202, 302) between the correspondingly heated material (K) of the carbon carrier and the heating device (10, 210, 310), - while the heat given off by the heating device (10, 210, 310), respectively, covers only a partial volume of the carbon carrier material (K) loaded into the inner space (3), extending over a certain partial section of the height of the inner space (3) of the container (2 , 202, 302), and - either loaded into the inner space (3) of the container (2, 202, 302), the material (K) of the carbon carrier is in a stationary state, while the heating zone (10, 210, 310) moves proceeding from the base located below in the direction of gravity against direction of gravity towards the upper end of the container (2, 202, 302), or - the heating device is stationary, and the carbon carrier material (K) loaded in the containers (2, 202, 302) moves relative to the heating device (10, 210, 310), while the container with the carbon carrier material loaded into it moves along the stationary heating device, or at the base of the container (202) an outlet is provided through which the coking product (VK) in the form of a rope formed by the correspondingly hardened material (K) of the carbon carrier is continuously withdrawn from the container (2, 202, 302) (working step e )); d) wherein the gas that escapes during heating and holding (step c)) from the carbon carrier material (K) is removed from the container (2, 202, 302); f) removing the product (VK) of coking from the tank (2, 202, 302). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid or melted carbon component of the carbon carrier material (K) consists of at least one component of the following group: waste from oil distillation, products formed during coal processing, tar and their derivatives, pitches , flowable bitumen, resins, as well as biomass products, cellulose products, sugar and starch. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material (K) of the carbon carrier contains a solid carbon component, which consists of at least one component of the following group: coke present in granular form, coal, bitumens in solid form, lignites , anthracite coal, graphite, products from the processing of carbon fibers. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the material (K) of the carbon carrier contains an additive from the following group: iron oxide, titanium oxide, boron and boron compounds. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heating of the material (K) of the carbon carrier (step c)) is started only after the loading of the material (K) of the carbon carrier (step b)) is completed ... 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that heating of the carbon carrier material (K) is started during the loading of the carbon carrier material (K) (step b)) into the inner space (3). 7. A method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the coking temperature in the working step c) is 450-900 ° C. 8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the duration of coking at working stage c) is up to 96 hours. 9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the atmosphere acting in the inner space (3) of the container (2, 202, 302) is sucked off in order to rapidly remove the volatilizing gas from the container (2, 202, 302) from a carbon carrier material (K) heated to the coking temperature. 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the carbon carrier material (K) within the container (2, 202, 302) is at least temporarily set in motion.

Images