RU2762006C1 - Low-voltage packaged apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power distribution.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to power distribution systems, in particular, to apparatuses for monitoring and controlling electric engines. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the low-voltage packaged apparatus has a modular design with pullout units, the dimensions whereof depend on the dimensions of the cabinet and the type of equipment placed in the units.

EFFECT: capacity of the cabinet is increased while width of the cabinet is reduced, providing a possibility of expanding the functional capabilities of the LPA, while reliability of operation is ensured and safety is increased during operation, maintenance and repair of the LPA equipment.

13 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to power distribution systems and can find its application in power generation facilities, industrial enterprises, enterprises for the extraction, processing and transportation of minerals, in data processing centers, as well as in any other facilities requiring continuous power supply. Within the framework of the present application, the creation of means for monitoring and controlling electric motors is considered as an advantageous aspect of the application of the invention.

State of the art

In the prior art, low-voltage complete devices (NKU) are understood as a set of low-voltage switching devices and control devices, measurement, signaling, protection, regulation, assembled at the manufacturer on a single constructive basis with all internal electrical and mechanical connections (GOST R 51321.1-2007 ( IEC 60439-1: 2004)).

Within the framework of the present application, it is understood that not explicitly indicated in the description, some of the means included in the GCC according to the above definition, nevertheless, are assumed to be inherent in the claimed invention, as should be followed for a person skilled in the art. Some of the above means are not the subject of improvement of the proposed invention, therefore, for the sake of brevity and clarity of the presentation of the subject of the invention, the description may omit mention or detailed constructive or functional description of such means. However, it is believed that such means are inherently inherent in the claimed invention according to its intended purpose.

In the prior art, GCCs are widely represented, mainly made in a cabinet design from one or more sections with the possibility of cross-section switching. This implementation seems to be advisable in view of the manufacturability of the implementation, ease of installation, control and maintenance. In addition, it provides the ability to scale the system depending on the needs of the user.

As the closest analogue of the proposed invention, you can choose a technical solution according to the patent RU 172671 U1, 07.19.2017 [1].

Known from [1], the solution is a low-voltage complete device containing a cabinet in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in which cells are made with installed draw-out functional blocks in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds.

The problem solved by the known means is to increase the power distributed by the complete device, while reducing its dimensions.

The disadvantages of this solution include an insufficient degree of sectioning and a low cabinet capacity in relation to withdrawable functional units.

The main task and the technical result of the claimed invention should include increasing the capacity of the cabinet while reducing the width of the cabinet. The increase in capacity, in turn, makes it possible to expand the functionality of the switchgear. Also, the invention is aimed at ensuring the reliability of operation and improving safety during operation, maintenance and repair of low-voltage switchgear equipment.

The following sections of the description are intended to disclose the invention in sufficient detail for its implementation by a person skilled in the art. At the same time, the given information clearly shows the possibility of achieving both the above technical results and effects that, while not being explicitly defined as technical results, are nevertheless inherent in the claimed invention and will manifest themselves when it is implemented in accordance with the characteristics of the formula inventions.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

To achieve the above and other following descriptions of their technical results in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a low-voltage complete device (NKU) is proposed, containing, as in the closest analogue considered, a box in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in which cells with installed draw-out functional units are made in the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds. The difference from the analogue is that the cabinet has dimensions: width L = 600 mm, height H = 2000 or 2200 mm, depth B = 600, 800, 1000 or 1200 mm. In this case, the ratio of the width and height of the withdrawable functional units is selected from the following conditions: if the width of the unit l corresponds to 1/2 or 1/3 L, then its height h is 2M, 3M or 4M; if the block width l corresponds to L, then its height h is 3M, 4M, 5M, 6M, 9M or 12M, where M = 50 mm.

It is also essential that blocks cl = 1/2 L are designed to install machines for currents from 16 to 100 A, blocks with l = 1/3 L are designed to install machines for currents from 16 to 70 A, blocks with l = L and h = 3M or 4M are designed for the installation of machines up to 250 A, and the rest of the blocks are designed for the installation of machines up to 630 A.

In an additional embodiment of the invention, the withdrawable functional units with l = 1/2 or 1/3 L and h = 2M are additionally equipped with a blocking and movement control mechanism in the form of a kinematic switch for two positions: "ON" and "OFF", and the rest of the withdrawable functional the blocks are additionally equipped with a blocking and movement control mechanism in the form of a combination of a kinematic switch and a button, which allows the block to be moved and fixed in any of the positions: "ON", "TEST" or "OFF".

Additional embodiments of the invention also provide the following:

contacts are plated with silver or gold;

power contacts are detachable;

withdrawable functional units are additionally equipped with a mechanism that prevents the unit from accidentally falling out in the "OFF" position;

the cabinet is equipped with microswitches for electrical position indication;

at least two withdrawable functional units are made redundant;

withdrawable functional units with l = L are equipped with a front panel door;

cells are equipped with polyamide guides;

the cells are equipped with a mechanical coding device to prevent incorrect installation of the unit;

the claimed device contains grounding springs between the corresponding cells and blocks;

at B = 600 or 800 mm the cabinet is designed with the possibility of one-sided service, and at B = 1000 or 1200 mm the cabinet is made with the possibility of two-sided service;

the declared device is made with a degree of dust and moisture protection IP54.

In the following section of the description, it will be sufficiently shown how it is possible to carry out the invention with the achievement of the above technical results.

If necessary, reference will be made to the drawings explaining the invention.

It should be noted that the following description of the essence of the invention with the involvement of specific examples of implementation is not intended to limit the scope of its protection. For a specialist it will be clear that the terms mentioned in this application, in particular, such as "block", "mechanism", "contact" cover various embodiments following from the prior art, as a result of which the scope of protection of the proposed invention should not be limited in any way particular examples of implementation disclosed in the following description.

It should also be noted that the term "cabinet" (unless otherwise mentioned in conjunction with this term) in the framework of this application is understood as a structure designed to accommodate withdrawable functional units.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - General view of the low-voltage package module of one-way service.

FIG. 2 is a general view of a two-way service GCC.

FIG. 3 - disassembled withdrawable functional unit (without equipment).

FIG. 4 - type of power contacts.

FIG. 5 - type of signal contacts.

FIG. 6 is an external view of the control, blocking and movement mechanism.

FIG. 7 - mechanism of control, blocking and movement.

FIG. 8 is a view of the tipping mechanism.

FIG. 9 is a view of the mechanical coding means.

Implementation of the invention

Automatic switches (switches, circuit breakers) are electrical switching devices designed for:

- conducting the circuit current in normal modes;

- automatic protection of electrical networks and equipment from emergency modes (short-circuit currents, overload currents, voltage reduction or disappearance, changes in the direction of the current, the occurrence of a magnetic field of powerful generators in emergency conditions, etc.);

- infrequent commutation of rated currents. Due to their simplicity, convenience, safety of maintenance and reliability of protection against short-circuit currents, these devices are widely used in electrical installations of low and high power.

Circuit breakers can have an electromagnetic or electric motor drive, which makes it possible to control them from a distance. The machines can be turned off manually, and in case of a violation of the normal operating mode (the appearance of overcurrents or a decrease in voltage) - automatically.

The choice of circuit breakers is made according to the rated voltage and current, subject to the following conditions:

U _nom. ≥ U _nom.s. ; I _{issue a.} ≥ I _lasts ;

where U _nom.a. - rated voltage of the circuit breaker; U _{number with} - rated mains voltage; I _{issue a.} - rated current of the circuit breaker; I _{last - long} -term rated current of the circuit.

In addition, the following must be correctly selected: rated current of releases I _{rated trans.} ; setting current of the electromagnetic tripping element of the combined release I _set. ; rated current setpoint thermal release or thermal release element combined - I _{nom.ust.tepl.} ...

The rated currents of the electromagnetic, thermal or combined release must not be less than the rated current of the motor:

I _nom. ≥ I _{number. dv.}

The setting current of the electromagnetic release (cut-off) or the electromagnetic element of the combined release, taking into account the inaccuracy of the release and the deviations of the actual starting current from the catalog data, is selected from the condition:

I _{set electronic magnet.} ≥ 1.25I _start. ;

where I _start. - starting current of the motor.

One of the aspects of the proposed invention is to provide modularity of the ASSEMBLY. Modularity, in turn, is determined by the fact that in one element (block, module) of the withdrawable type, the necessary power supply and consumer control circuit is fully configured in compliance with the conditions noted above. In the presence of a backup unit, this allows for inspection, replacement and repair with minimal interruptions in power supply, without de-energizing the entire section of the switchgear.

The disassembled draw-out functional unit without equipment is shown in Fig. 3, where under the corresponding positions are designated: 1 - front panel, designed to install the handles of circuit breakers, light-signal equipment, control and metering devices; 2 - protective screen, which provides restriction of access to the unit area in working positions; 3 - removable side walls for easy installation of equipment; 4 - circuit board for installing active equipment; 5 - rear wall for installation of commutation connectors; 6 - base for installation of the main parts of the withdrawable unit and installation of active equipment.

The tests carried out show that at certain ratios between the dimensions of the withdrawable functional units and the dimensions of the cabinet, it is possible to ensure the maximum effective capacity of the low voltage switchboard while maintaining the ergonomic design of the cabinet and meeting the requirements of electrical and fire safety.

In particular, for this purpose, a multiple characteristic has been introduced for measuring the vertical dimension of the draw-out unit - M, equal to 50 mm. In addition, a conditional division of withdrawable blocks into fractional and integral units has been introduced as follows.

Fractional withdrawable blocks have a height h: 2M, 3M and 4M. Thus, taking into account the cabinet width L = 600 mm, they can be installed in an amount of either three (block width l = 1/3 L) (size 2M3, 3M3, 4M3), or two (l = 1/2 L) on one level (size 2M2, 3M2, 4M2). Fractional withdrawable blocks are designed for installation of automatic machines designed for currents from 16A to 70 A (blocks 2M3, 3M3, 4M3) and from 16A to 100 A (blocks 2M2, 3M2, 4M2). The maximum number of 2M3 units in a 2000 mm high cabinet is 45, and 48 in a 2200 mm high cabinet.

One-piece draw-out units have the same width l - 600 mm, but different heights h, a multiple of M. The height can be equal to 3M, 4M, 5M, 6M, 9M, 12M. Circuit breakers up to 250 A can be installed in blocks with a height of h 150 and 200 mm (3M and 4M), and automatic circuit breakers up to 630 A can be installed in other blocks.

Thus, the combination of the overall dimensions of the blocks used in the proposed invention, taking into account their specified designation for specific equipment, allows for the modularity of the low-voltage switchboard with maximum capacity.

FIG. 1 (position 1) and 2 (position 1) represent the ASSEMBLY of one-way and two-way service, respectively.

The determining factors when choosing one or another specialized solution can be: the current of the shield, the overall dimensions of the room and the requirements of the object itself, where the shield is installed. In particular, a one-way service cabinet can be used in cases where the location of the switchboard itself and the transformer relative to each other requires only one-sided access to the equipment. In this case, the withdrawable units are located in the switch cabinet, and all secondary and busbar power terminals are located in the cable cabinet with a full-size door.

In the event that the dimensions of the room allow for free passage around the unit, a cabinet with two-sided access to the equipment is used. Depending on the current of the panel busbar system (up to 4000 or 5000… 6300 A), the depth of the cabinet reaches 1000 or 1200 mm. At the same time, the structure is designed in such a way that the indicated depths are realized by joining the frames: first 400 mm, and then 600 or 800 mm. A distinctive feature of the double-sided service cabinet is the multi-level organization of access to the bus system: with regular racking-in and racking-out of blocks, a direct mechanical effect on the distribution busbars is excluded.

The use of withdrawable units allows you to quickly and safely replace out-of-order equipment without dismantling outgoing cables and connection terminals. In the case of moving the draw-out unit, there is no direct mechanical effect on the distribution busbars, since all electrical connections in such modules are carried out using transition contacts. In combination with the fully collapsible design of the withdrawable unit (see Fig. 3), these distinctive features of the system become indisputable advantages when choosing a solution for organizing power supply, control and protection of electric motors.

An example of the type of power and signal contacts is shown in Fig. 4 and 5 respectively (example shown for one-piece draw-out units). In particular, in FIG. 4, positions a) and b) mark the power contacts of 250 A and 630 A, respectively. FIG. 5, positions a) and b) mark the signal contacts 52pin and 26pin + 2xRJ45, respectively.

As noted above, in an additional embodiment of the invention, withdrawable functional units with l = 1/2 L or 1/3 L and h = 2M are additionally equipped with a control, blocking and movement mechanism in the form of a kinematic switch for two positions: "ON" and " OFF ", and the rest of the withdrawable functional blocks are additionally equipped with a control mechanism in the form of a combination of a switch and a button, which allows the unit to be moved and fixed in any of the positions:" ON "," TEST "or" OFF ". A general view of the control, blocking and movement mechanism with indication options using the example of a one-piece draw-out unit is shown in Fig. 6.

Wherein:

in the operating position "ON" - all contact groups are closed, the block is blocked from accidental opening;

in test position "TEST" - power contacts are open; signal contacts are closed for testing (in this case, it is preferable to use withdrawable signal contacts);

in the "OFF" position - all contacts are open, you can remove the cell for maintenance or replacement.

FIG. 7 shows the block movement mechanisms and the button locking mechanism. In particular, the locking mechanism of the button (1) has a rigid connection with the handle shaft of the machine, is highly reliable and allows a large number of installation options. Moving mechanisms (2) provide reliable fixation of the block, clear indication of positions, exclusion of unauthorized movement.

In an additional embodiment, to protect personnel from accidental dropping out of the one-piece draw-out unit in the "OFF" position, a mechanism is installed on it against overturning (accidental dropping out of the unit) (Fig. 8, position 1).

Also, a rollover protection mechanism is installed on all whole blocks.

Additionally, one-piece draw-out units can be equipped with a front panel door for quick access to the machine without removing the unit from the cabinet. In this case, the cells can be optionally equipped with: "friend or foe" coding to exclude incorrect block installation; polyamide guides to reduce friction when moving draw-out units; a ground spring to provide a PE loop between the cubicle (chassis cubicle) and the unit.

In an additional embodiment, the cabinet can be equipped with microswitches for electrical position indication. Microswitches can be end microswitches and can be installed either in withdrawable units or placed in LVCD cubicles.

In an additional embodiment, the ASSEMBLY is equipped with a means of blocking against unauthorized "rolling in" of the unit. In particular, such a means can be a mechanical means, for example, in the form of coding plates (Fig. 9), which can significantly increase the operational safety of the ASSEMBLY.

In an additional embodiment, to increase the reliability of operation and extend the life of the ASSEMBLY, it uses contacts plated with silver or gold. In particular, in the non-limiting example, silver plated power contacts and gold plated signal contacts are used.

In an additional embodiment, the switchgear is made with a degree of dust and moisture protection IP54. In particular, this can be achieved through the use of a polyurethane foam seal installed tightly against the edges of the cabinet.

Thus, in the above description of the essence of the proposed invention, it is shown by what means and methods for a specialist it is possible to carry out the invention, and also shows a cause-and-effect relationship between the features of the formula and the technical results that are manifested in the implementation of the invention.

The proposed invention has been tested in real production conditions and has shown its industrial applicability. Information giving grounds for recognizing the invention as inappropriate to novelty and inventive step in the prior art has not been identified.

Claims (13)

1. Low-voltage complete device (NKU) containing a box in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, in which cells with installed draw-out functional blocks in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds are made, characterized in that the cabinet has dimensions: width L = 600 mm, height H = 2000 or 2200 mm, depth B = 600, 800, 1000 or 1200 mm, while the ratio of the width and height of the withdrawable functional units is selected from the following conditions: if the width of the unit l corresponds to 1/2 or 1/3 L, then its height h is 2M, 3M or 4M; if the width of the block l corresponds to L, then its height h is 3M, 4M, 5M, 6M, 9M or 12M, where M = 50 mm, and blocks cl = 1/2 L are designed to install machines for currents from 16 to 100 A, blocks with l = 1/3 L are intended for installation of machines for currents from 16 to 70 A, blocks with l = L and h = 3M or 4M are intended for installation of machines up to 250 A, and the rest of the blocks are intended for installation of machines up to 630 A. 2. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that the withdrawable functional units with l = 1/2 or 1/3 L and h = 2M are additionally equipped with a blocking and movement control mechanism in the form of a kinematic switch for two positions: "ON" and " OFF ", the rest of the withdrawable functional units are additionally equipped with a locking and movement control mechanism in the form of a combination of a kinematic switch and a button, which allows the unit to be moved and locked in any of the positions:" ON "," TEST "or" OFF ", and in the" ON "position all contact groups are closed, the block is blocked against accidental opening, in the "TEST" position the power contacts are open, the signal contacts are closed, in the "OFF" position all contact groups are open. 3. GCC according to claim 2, characterized in that the contacts are plated with silver or gold. 4. GCC according to claim 2, characterized in that the power contacts are detachable. 5. GCC according to claim 2, characterized in that the withdrawable functional units are additionally equipped with a mechanism that prevents the unit from accidentally falling out in the "OFF" position. 6. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that the cabinet is equipped with microswitches for electrical indication of positions. 7. GCC according to claim. 1, characterized in that at least two withdrawable functional units are made redundant. 8. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that the withdrawable functional units with l = L are equipped with a front panel door. 9. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells are equipped with polyamide guides. 10. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that the withdrawable functional units and / or cells are provided with mechanical coding to prevent incorrect installation of the unit. 11. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains grounding springs between the corresponding cells and blocks. 12. GCC according to claim 1, characterized in that at B = 600 or 800 mm the cabinet is made with the possibility of one-sided service, and at B = 1000 or 1200 mm, the cabinet is made with the possibility of two-sided service. 13. GCC according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that it is made with a degree of dust and moisture protection IP54.

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