RU2761974C1 - Track with a rubber-metal parallel-type hinge and pin gearing with the driving wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to tracks with a rubber-metal hinge (RMH) and pin gearing with the driving wheel. The track with a RMH comprises tracks, ridges, grousers, parallel-type rubber-metal hinges including eyelets, elastic rings, connecting fingers, peripherally located brackets, middle joints of the tracks with each other parallel to the brackets, pins, and tie bolts. Two middle joints are provided for adjacent tracks, wherein said joints are symmetrically spaced along the axes. The areas of placement of the ridges on the tracks are reinforced and stabilised by partial overlap of the gap between the tracks and removal of the grousers, with staggered arrangement thereof, to the front and back edges of the tracks behind the axes of the RMH.

EFFECT: operational properties of the propulsion apparatus of high-speed tracked vehicles are increased.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of land vehicles and traction machines with a caterpillar propeller, specifically to tracks with a rubber-metal hinge (RMS) of a parallel type and a pin engagement with a driving wheel. The main purpose is high-speed tracked vehicles of various weight categories.

Tracks with parallel-type RMSh and pinion gearing with a driving wheel are widely used on high-speed machines. In particular, in the undercarriage of the main tanks (T-64, T-80, T-90, Abrams, Leclerc, Leopard-2, etc.), combat vehicles BMP, BMPT, Bradley, Marder ”, engineering vehicles (PTS-2, IRM, etc.).

One of the main disadvantages of tracks with RMSh is the insufficient tensile rigidity of the track. In addition, for military vehicles, the issues of increasing the resistance to mine blasting, minimizing energy consumption when rolling the road roller on a treadmill, increasing traction and coupling properties, optimizing the resource of the RMSh, reducing the mass of the caterpillar are relevant.

Today, overcoming these shortcomings only by selecting materials and correcting technological processes does not seem promising. Changes should be made to the track structure.

Close to the claimed device analogs are caterpillars with parallel-type RMSh and pinned engagement with the drive wheel of domestic serial main tanks T-64 and T-80 [ 1 . Track tracks T-64 / armor.kiev.ua wrote. - URL: https://armor-kiev-ua.livejournal.com/16898.html$ (date of calculation: 17.12.2015; date of access: 21.02.2021); 2 . Object 219 comes out of the shadows. - The magazine "Armament technology: yesterday, today, tomorrow ..." №№ 3, 4, 6, 8 / 2011. - URL: http://otvaga2004.ru/tanki/istoriya-sozdaniya/istoriya-sozdaniya-pervogo-serijnogo- tanka-t-80-s-gazoturbinnoj-silovoj-ustanovkoj-chast-4 / (date of access: 21.02.2021)].

Among their essential design features of the track of the T-64 tank are the location of the tarsus on the bracket and the "staggered" arrangement of the lugs; caterpillars of the T-80 tank - the body of the link is used to organize support sites for engaging with the support of the tracks. The tracks of the T-80 and T-64 tanks consist of two links connected by fingers as part of parallel hinges, and the ridge is located on the middle link (with a width approximately equal to the total width of the staples), which requires an increase in its size along the axes of the fingers.

The closest analogue (prototype) to the claimed device is a caterpillar with a parallel-type RMSH and a pin engagement with a drive wheel of a tank "Object 187" (developed by UKBTM 1986-1988), containing collapsible interconnected box-type tracks with the formation of a track track, guiding the ridges one by one on the solid body of each track and lugs, rubber-metal joints of a parallel type, including eyes, elastic bushings, connecting pins and connecting adjacent tracks to each other, and tie bolts [ 3 . Malafeev V.A. Unification of tracks of armored vehicles // Bulletin of transport engineering, 1996, No. 3. - P. 17-24, fig. 12; S. 19, 21-24 (caterpillar "10").

It provides for one middle tie for a pair of adjacent tracks, with a width approximately equal to the width of one staple. Each middle link is located in the longitudinal vertical plane of the caterpillar, parallel to the brackets, between the ridges (see [3], Fig. 1). The lugs are made in the windows on the body of the track, and the lugs are located symmetrically under the axes of the eyes (fingers) of the tracks. The design with a one-piece ("articulated") track allows to significantly increase the rigidity of the track for longitudinal torsion ("screw stiffness").

However, despite the positive qualities tested during the tests, the prototype still has insufficiently high operational properties as a caterpillar propeller for machines of the specified purpose (class).

So, the longitudinal rigidity of the caterpillar is insufficient, which is associated with significant deformation of the fingers; insufficient mine resistance (the track strongly "bulges" upward, making the caterpillar inoperative), since the weakening of the track cross-section in the region of the ridge is pronounced; the conditions for the arrangement of the ridge are not sufficiently favorable; insufficient strength of the medium bond; relatively high energy consumption for the movement of the machine as a result of insufficient stability of the tracks, due to the location of the lugs, which contributes to the appearance of an overturning moment from the vertical reaction when the road roller is rolling on the track.

High longitudinal compliance of tracks with RMS (both serial and parallel types) is most typical for heavy high-speed tracked chassis with high power density. This is a significant problem. In particular, due to compliance, the engagement of the caterpillar with the rear drive wheel is disrupted when the braking force is created on the bypass. There is a slip through the teeth of the drive wheel.

Calculated and experimental studies revealed that, in addition to rubber RMSh, a significant contribution to the longitudinal compliance is made by metal parts of the caterpillar: fingers and tracks (see [3], [ 5. Study of the rigidity of tank tracks / N.A. Emtsev, V.D. Petrunkevich, MF Churkin, VP Shichkov // Bulletin of armored vehicles (VBT), 1984, No. 1. - P. 29-32, 57].

The objective of the claimed invention (the problem to be solved) is to improve the operational properties of the propeller of a high-speed tracked vehicle by making changes to the device (design) of the caterpillar.

The task (problem) is solved by the fact that in a caterpillar with a rubber-metal hinge of a parallel type and a pin engagement with a driving wheel, containing collapsible interconnected box-type tracks with the formation of a track track, guide ridges one at the middle of each track and lugs, rubber-metal hinges of a parallel type, including lugs, elastic (rubber) rings, connecting pins and connecting adjacent tracks to each other, peripherally located brackets for interconnection of adjacent fingers, middle links of tracks to each other, parallel to the brackets, pins and tie bolts, according to the claimed invention, two middle connections of adjacent tracks, while they are spaced along the axes of the fingers at an equal distance from the longitudinal vertical plane of the caterpillar, in addition, the zones for placing the ridges on the tracks are reinforced, with the possibility of stabilizing the tracks, by partially overlapping the gap between the tracks and removing the lugs, when they are staggered, on the front and rear edges of the tracks beyond the hinge axes.

The technical result (in accordance with the designated problem and the task at hand) is also achieved due to additional features of the claimed invention:

- the middle ties can be located at a distance from each other equal to 1/3 of the track width (this optimizes the efficiency of introducing two additional, intermediate ties, namely - to the greatest extent equalizes the bending stresses and deformation of the tracks both under dynamic loads in the movement of the machine, and and, in particular, when a mine blast under a caterpillar);

- tie bolts of brackets and middle ties are made countersunk, with an internal slot of the "TORX" type ("Torex" - "asterisk") (this allows to partially optimize the weight and dimensions of the caterpillar);

- tie bolts of brackets and middle ties can be made hollow, cylindrical or slightly tapered, with the possibility of installing anti-skid studs (this allows for a complex of technical solutions of a "hollow bolt", such as the specified installation of anti-skid studs);

- RMSh of one pin 11 can be located in three lugs 10 of equal length (this improves the operating conditions of the rubber RMSh due to more uniform loading along the length of the hinge, as well as the conditions for the arrangement of the ridges).

A clear delineation of the restrictive and distinctive parts of the given sets of essential features, reflecting the results of a comparative analysis of the proposed device with the prototype, correlate with the world level of novelty of the technical solution. The world level of novelty is the first of a triad of features (criteria) of an invention.

Further, for all the brevity of the formulation of the set of distinctive essential features of the inventive caterpillar, it is not a simple sum of the known technical results of using separately known components of the device. There is a "supereffect" (in the patent meaning of this term), which was not obvious to a specialist from the state of the art achieved (of course, before considering the proposed technical solution). With a whole range of additional technical and operational capabilities. This convincingly demonstrates the inventive step of development as the second of the triad of qualifying features of the invention.

The third qualification feature - industrial applicability - is also indisputable and follows, first of all, from the same accumulated experience in the design, production and operation (practical use) of tracks (track chains).

The inventive device is shown in the drawings (illustrations) obtained on the basis of solid modeling performed in the Solid Works package - Fig. 1-7:

in fig. 1 - external view of a 3 D -model of a fragment (adjacent tracks) of a caterpillar;

in fig. 2 - external view of a 3 D -model of the track bracket;

in fig. 3 - external view of a 3 D model of the track (with a cross section);

in fig. 4 - external view of a 3 D- model of the track (cross-section along the middle link);

in fig. 5 is a cross-section of two adjacent tracks (showing partial overlapping of tracks);

in fig. 6 - external view of a 3 D -model of the track, bottom view showing the lugs;

in fig. 7 is an external view of a 3 D model of the interaction of a caterpillar with a driving wheel.

In the drawings, the numbers indicate:

1 - tracks (links, plates); 2, 3 - staples; 4 - tarsus; 5 - guide ridges; 6 - lugs; 7, 8 - medium (additional) connections; 9 - lugs RMSh; 10 - elastic (rubber, generally polymer) rings (bushings) RMSh; 11 - RMSh connecting pins; 12, 13 - clamping bolts of the brackets; 14, 15 - tightening bolts of medium ties.

A caterpillar with parallel-type RMSh and pinned engagement with a driving wheel contains collapsible interconnected box-type tracks 1 with the formation of a track track, ridges 5 (in one row in the middle vertical longitudinal plane of the track, one in the middle of each track 1) and lugs 6, parallel type RMSh including lugs 9, elastic (rubber or other elastic material - generally polymer) rings 10 (vulcanized bushings, with high adhesion to the surface of the pin 11), connecting pins 11 and connecting adjacent tracks 9 links, plates) 1 friend with a friend, peripherally located (left and right tracks) staples 2, 3 for interconnection of adjacent fingers, middle links 7, 8 tracks with each other, parallel to staples 2, 3 (for more details about middle links 7, 8 - see later in the text) , connecting pins 11 and connecting adjacent tracks 1 with each other, pins 4 and tie bolts 12-15.

In this example, and advantageously, the pins 4 are located on the staples 2, 3 (in other words, they are formed by the front and rear surfaces of the staples 2, 3). The zones for placing the ridges 5 on the tracks 1 are strengthened, the stabilization of the tracks 1 is provided, by, firstly, partially overlapping the gap between the tracks 1 (see Fig. 5) and, secondly, the removal of the lugs 6, when they are staggered, to the front and the rear edges of the tracks 1 behind the hinge axes (RMS) - see Fig. 6.

There are two middle links 7, 8 of adjacent tracks 1. They are structurally similar to brackets 2, 3 (in particular, their width is commensurate with the width of the staple 2, 3) and are spaced along the axes of the fingers 11, parallel to the brackets 2, 3 and located between them (that is, with an equal offset from the brackets 2, 3, or, in other words, at an equal distance from the longitudinal vertical plane of the track) - see Fig. 1, 4, 7.

This is the main distinguishing feature of the proposed caterpillar device, not so much quantitative as layout (giving quantitative and qualitative "supereffects" in the technical result of using the invention, because the main role here is played by the mutual arrangement of the listed elements in terms of: spaced along the length of the track 1 of the middle ties 7 and 8, placed in the middle of the tracks 1 of the ridges 5 and, preferably, the organization of the stubs 4 on the brackets 2, 3).

The middle links 7 and 8 in a particular example can be located at a distance from each other equal to 1/3 of the width of the track 1 (see Fig. 1, 4, 7).

Tightening bolts 12 and 13 of brackets 2 and 3, respectively, and middle ties 7 and 8 can be made (which is recommended) countersunk, with an internal slot of the "TORX" type ("Torex" - "asterisk"), while either unified or not ...

In addition, tie bolts 12 and 13 of brackets 2 and 3, respectively, and middle ties 7 and 8 can be made (which is also recommended) hollow, with a cylindrical channel or having a small (less than 10-15 degrees) taper, with the possibility of installing anti-skid studs (see fig. 4, pos. 14).

RMS of one finger 11 can be located (which is recommended) in three lugs 10 of equal length.

Thus, from the track of the tank "Object 187" (prototype) borrowed the placement of the ridge on the one-piece body of the track, the design of the RMSh, the execution of box-shaped tracks, and the treadmill of the caterpillar - metal.

From the tracks of the T-80 and T-64 tanks, the location of the stubs 4 on the brackets 2, 3 is borrowed, the body of the track 1 is used to organize the support platforms for engaging with the support of the tracks 1. At the same time, the large (relative to the bracket of object 187) length of the bracket along the axes of the fingers helps to increase the rigidity of the two-pin assembly, including when stretching the caterpillar.

The mentioned "checkerboard" arrangement of lugs is borrowed from the T-64 tracks (see Fig. 6).

With regard to the mentioned reduction of the shoulder of the overturning moment that occurs when the road roller passes along adjacent tracks (links), see the sources [ 6 . Features of the caterpillar mover operation in the area of low specific traction forces / R.Yu. Dobretsov // Tractors and Agricultural Machines - 2009. - No. 6 - P. 25-31; 7 . RU 2385815, IPC B62D 55/20. The track chain of the vehicle chassis. / R.Yu. Dobretsov, A.G. Semenov; 10.04.2010].

Asphalt running of the track is ensured by installing shoes by analogy with the well-known solution for track links "Object 187" (prototype [3], Fig. 2). Provides a three-point fastening of the asphalt shoe, reinforced with a steel profiled plate: the shoe is fixed with a clamp inside the ridge 5 and on the slots at the ends of the links. The shoe design has not been worked out in detail.

The device (caterpillar) works (functions, it is used) as follows.

The transfer of the tangential force between the tracks 1 is carried out at the expense of the RMS of the parallel type, by analogy with the analogs used (including the prototype [3]).

The perception of the traction force from the teeth of the drive wheel and its transmission to the track chain (see Fig. 7) provides a pin engagement (see the ratchets 4 in Figs. 1, 2, 4, 7, made on the brackets 2, 3, and the support pads directly on track links 1) with track links support 1.

The normal load-bearing capacity of the track roller of the machine undercarriage is provided by the running surface of the treadmill. At the same time, due to measures to stabilize the tracks 1, in the process of rolling from the track 1 to the adjacent track 1, the support roller does not cause the tracks (links) 1 to overturn, thereby reducing the energy consumption for the movement of the machine.

The transfer of normal loads to the ground and the implementation of tractive effort are carried out through the supporting surface of the track 1. Measures to stabilize the track (link) 1 prevent the effect of the track 1 swaying under the track roller, which avoids additional compaction of the soil in the vertical plane and displacement of the soil in the horizontal plane, which in the aggregate, and allows us to expect a reduction in power losses in the tracked vehicle.

The staggered arrangement of the lugs 6 allows you to combine the greatest efficiency in the transmission of longitudinal (tractive) force with a reduced resistance to turning the machine. They destroy the soil less, provide a greater (in comparison with the location of lugs 6 typical for serially produced in Russia) the coefficient of adhesion of the caterpillar to the ground.

Significant differences in the process of passing the tracks 1 of the claimed caterpillar of other sections of the bypass in comparison with the prototype are not expected.

It is important that the claimed track has greater rigidity, which increases its stability in the loop and reduces both the energy consumption for movement and the likelihood of dropping the track.

There is an improvement in the operating conditions of rubber (polymer) RMSh due to a more uniform loading along the length of the hinge.

The layout of the ridge 5 (for a double-band roller) and the strengthening of the zone of its placement on the track 1 are improved.

In the case of a mine explosion, the design of the new caterpillar will provide satisfactory energy absorption by analogy with the case of the used prototype [3], but will reduce deformations in the area of the ridge 5. A significant contribution to the reduction of deformations will be made precisely by the presence of two middle links, the use of a box-type track and the location of the ridge on the body of the truck.

When the stubs 4 are located on the brackets 2 and 3, the body of the track 1 is used to organize the support platforms for engaging with the support of the tracks 1.

With the partial overlap of the gap between the tracks (links) 1 specified in the description of the device, the profile of the treadmill is leveled and the uniformity of the transfer of the normal load increases, which contributes to the stabilization of the tracks 1.

When the lugs are moved to the edges of the tracks 1 beyond the hinge axes (RMS), the shoulder of the overturning moment arising when the track roller passes along the adjacent tracks (links) 1 is reduced to zero, which also helps to stabilize the latter under the track roller.

Compared with serial tracks (tanks T-64, T-80, etc.), the total length of the RMS on one finger 11 practically does not decrease, since the two middle links (7, 8) in the claimed design have practically the same size along the axis of the finger 11, which is the same as the one in the serial one, where comb 5 is located on it.

According to the method described in the source [ 8 . Volkov Yu.P. Undercarriage of transport tracked vehicles: Textbook. allowance. Part 1. Caterpillar drive. - SPb., SPbSPU, 1995 .-- 114 p. ] carried out the construction of the lantern engagement in order to form the profile of the lantern 4.

The main design calculations were carried out for the chassis-analogues "Object 187" (prototype) and T-80. The necessary strength calculations and assessment of the track mileage were carried out according to the traditional methods given in the sources [8; 9 . Theory and design of tanks. Volume 6. Issues of design of the undercarriage of military tracked vehicles. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1985, 244 p. ].

The estimated value of the mileage before the destruction of the RMS was 5600 km.

The use of the proposed device makes it possible to solve the task (problem) - to increase the operational properties of the propeller of high-speed, mainly heavy, tracked vehicles with a high power density, providing the track with a number of advantages, namely:

- W o greater longitudinal stiffness, which is associated with the expected decrease in deformities of the fingers;

- reducing the likelihood of dropping the track from the driving and / or steering wheels;

- an increase in mine resistance;

- less pronounced weakening of the track cross-section in the area of the ridge location and improved conditions for the ridge layout;

- reduction of energy consumption for vehicle movement (see: [6]; [ 9. Performance improvement of Arctic tracked vehicles. Roman Dobretsov, Gennadii Porshnev and Darya Uvakina. MATEC Web Conf. Volume 245, 2018. International Scientific Conference on Energy, Environmental and Construction Engineering (EECE-2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/ matecconf / 201824517001]) as a result of increased stability of the tracks.

Claims (5)

1. A caterpillar with a parallel-type rubber-metal hinge and a pinned engagement with a drive wheel, containing collapsible interconnected box-type tracks to form a track track, guide ridges one by one in the middle of each track and lugs, parallel-type rubber-metal hinges, including lugs, elastic rings, connecting fingers and connecting adjacent tracks to each other, peripherally located brackets for the interconnection of adjacent fingers, middle links of the tracks to each other, parallel to the brackets, pins and tie bolts, characterized in that two middle links of adjacent tracks are provided, while they are spaced along the axes fingers at an equal distance from the longitudinal vertical plane of the track, in addition, the zones for placing the ridges on the tracks are strengthened, with the possibility of stabilizing the tracks, by partially overlapping the gap between the tracks and placing the lugs, when they are staggered, to the front and rear edges of the tracks behind the hinge axes. 2. A caterpillar according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle links are located at a distance from each other equal to 1/3 of the track width. 3. A caterpillar according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping bolts of the brackets and middle ties are countersunk with an internal slot of the "TORX" type. 4. The caterpillar according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping bolts of the brackets and middle ties are hollow, with a cylindrical channel or having a small taper, with the possibility of installing anti-skid studs. 5. The caterpillar according to claim 1, characterized in that the rubber-metal hinges of one finger are located in three lugs of equal length.

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