RU2761807C1 - Downhole hydraulic mining unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of mineral deposits by the method for borehole hydraulic extraction for the development of deposits of high-value minerals. The borehole hydraulic extraction unit includes an upper well head connected to the lower well head by a water duct with pulp intake holes and a hydraulic elevator head, inside of which there is a pulp duct with a mixing chamber, at least one hydraulic monitor, whose cavity is connected to the duct cavity, a water pipe, whose cavity is connected to the cavity of the hydraulic elevator, and a waste rock collector made in the form of a cup with at least one row of receiving windows. The water pipe is provided with a tip with nozzles, and the waste rock collector with a hinged spring-loaded accumulator with flushing holes. The waste rock collector is connected to the head of the hydraulic elevator, on which, in turn, a water pipe is installed. The glass under the row of receiving windows is covered by an elastic cuff, and the nozzles of the water pipe are placed under the hinged spring-loaded accumulator and directed at it.

EFFECT: reduction of losses of a useful, extremely valuable, fossil is provided.

13 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of mineral deposits by the method of borehole hydraulic production.

The application of this invention is expedient, first of all, for the development of deposits of high-value minerals (diamonds, gold, platinoids, uranium, etc.), as well as those composed of poorly cemented rocks.

A well-known unit of borehole hydraulic production, including an upper head connected to the lower head by a water conduit with slurry holes and a hydraulic elevator head, inside which there is a slurry conduit with a mixing chamber, at least one hydromonitor, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity of the water conduit, a water conduit pipe, the cavity of which is connected to the cavity of the hydraulic elevator , and a rock collector made in the form of a glass with at least one row of receiving windows (see "Mining Encyclopedia", vol. 4, M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1989, p. 553).

During the extraction of crystalline raw materials, as well as ores and nuggets of heavy metals, part of the broken off mineral and large, not eroded separates are not captured by the flow in the hydraulic elevator and settle to the bottom of the well and do not come out to the surface, which, given the high value of raw materials, leads to large losses.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency of mining of deposits of ores of heavy metals, and, first of all, primary and alluvial deposits of diamonds and precious metals.

The technical result achieved as a result of using the invention is to reduce the loss of useful, very valuable, fossil.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a borehole hydraulic production unit, including an upper head connected by a water pipe with a lower head with slurry holes and a hydraulic elevator head, inside which there is a slurry pipe with a mixing chamber, at least one hydromonitor, the cavity of which is in communication with the water pipe cavity, a water pipe, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity of the hydraulic elevator and the rock collector, made in the form of a glass with at least one row of receiving windows, the water pipe is equipped with a tip with nozzles, and the rock collector is equipped with a hinged, spring-loaded accumulator with flushing holes, while the rock collector is connected to the head of the hydraulic elevator, on which, in turn, has a water supply pipe, the glass, under a number of receiving windows, is covered by an elastic cuff, and the water supply pipe nozzles are placed under a hinged spring-loaded accumulator and directed towards it.

The drive can be single-leaf.

It can also be made multi-lobed, and the petals are placed around the water pipe.

For the convenience of unloading, the rock collector is connected to the head of the hydraulic elevator with a detachable connection.

For more reliable catching of pieces and crystals of minerals, the rock collector contains at least two rows of receiving windows, under each of which the glass is covered by an elastic cuff.

For a better fit to the borehole walls, elastic cuffs are made of variable thickness, with a decrease in the latter from the center to the periphery.

For the same purpose, each elastic cuff can be made of truncated segments.

To improve the reliability of overlapping the wellbore section, the truncated segments partially overlap each other.

The elastic cuff can be split.

Also, for more reliable catching of pieces, at least one elastic cuff is additionally installed under each row of receiving windows.

To create an inclined bottom in production chambers,
hydromonitors are installed at an angle to the axis of the lower head.

In addition, the reservoir contains at least one
additional articulated spring-loaded storage, while
each articulated spring-loaded accumulator is located under
a number of inlet windows, and the nozzles of the tip of the water inlet
arranged in several rows, each of which is placed under
each articulated spring-loaded drive ”.

The drive can be made of mesh.

The specified set includes all signs, each of
which is necessary, and all together are sufficient to achieve
the specified technical result.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. 1 shows a general view of the lower head of the unit
borehole hydraulic production;

in fig. 2 - one-leaf drive, side sectional view;

in fig. 3 - one-leaf drive, top view;

in fig. 4 - multi-lobe drive, top view;

in fig. 5 - view along B:

in fig. 6 - section along В-В;

in fig. 7 - knot of the petal hinge;

in fig. 8 - attachment of the petal to the water pipe;

in fig. 9 - several elastic cuffs under one row of windows;

in fig. 10 - an elastic cuff made of truncated segments, partially overlapping each other.

The downhole hydraulic production unit includes an upper head (not shown in the drawings) connected to the lower head by a water conduit 1 with slurry holes 2, a hydraulic elevator head 3 with a nozzle 4, a slurry conduit 5 with a mixing chamber 6, hydromonitors 7, cavities 8 of which are connected to the cavity 9 of the water conduit 1. The water pipe 10 with a tip 11 having nozzles 12, a rock collector 13 with a storage tank 14, the petals of which are fixed on hinges 15 and spring-loaded by springs 16. The rock collector 13 is made in the form of a glass with at least one row of receiving windows 17. Under each row of receiving windows 17 the glass is covered by an elastic cuff 18 or 19. The water pipe 10 is installed on the head of the hydraulic elevator 3, and their cavities are communicated. The nozzles 12 of the tip 11 are located below the accumulator 14 and directed towards it. The tip 11 can be made as an integral part of the water pipe 10, or as a separate part.

The accumulator 14 can be made both single-lobed and multi-lobed with the arrangement of the petals 20 around the water supply pipe 10. If it is multi-lobed, the petals 20 can be hinged to both the inner walls of the rock collector 13 and to the outer walls of the water supply pipe 10.

For the convenience of unloading, the rock collector 13 is attached to the head of the hydraulic elevator 3 with a detachable connection 21, for example, a threaded one. For the same purpose, the rock collector 13 can be made with a removable bottom 22.

In order to more reliably trap the heavy fractions of the mineral, the windows 17 are arranged in several rows, under each of which the glass is covered by elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19.

For better fit to the borehole walls, elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19 are made of variable thickness with a decrease in the latter from the center to the periphery.

To avoid the formation of folds through which rock can spill, each elastic sleeve 18 or 19 can be made of truncated segments 23. For more reliable borehole coverage, the truncated segments 23 partially overlap each other.

For manufacturability of production, the elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19, of the truncated segments 23, are split. Also, for more reliable collection of heavy fractions, several cuffs 18 or 19 are installed under each row of windows 17.

Additional hydromonitors 24 are used to destroy broken off large pieces of rock. In the bottom 22 of the nozzle, a socket 25 can be provided for a drill bit, which can be used both for drilling a well and for crushing material that has sunk to the bottom of the well.

To regulate the force of springing the petals of the accumulator 14, a regulator 26 is used.

For poorly eroded, sticky waste rocks, it is advisable for multi-stage washing, the lower head should be equipped with a rock collector 13 with several accumulators 14, each of which is located under a row of windows 17, and the tip 10 has several rows of nozzles 12, each of which is located under one of the accumulators 14 ...

To create an inclined bottom in the production chambers, the hydromonitors 7 are installed at an angle to the axis of the lower head.

To simplify the manufacture and efficiency of ore washing, the accumulator 14 is made of mesh.

The device works as follows.

The lower head of the borehole hydraulic production unit is connected to the staves of the sections of the water conduit 1 and the slurry conduit 5 and is lowered into the well. When lowering, the elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19, due to the fact that their diameter is greater than the diameter of the wells, deflect upward and take a funnel-like shape.

The lower head is installed in the well so that the hydromonitors 7 are located against the eroded area, and the working fluid is supplied to the water conduit 1. As a liquid, both water and various solutions can be used, including those with surfactants (hereinafter surfactants). The working fluid (for convenience, further water) enters the cavities 8 of the hydromonitors 7, accelerates in them, forming a jet, which, coming out of the hydromonitors 7, erodes the mineral. The resulting slurry and individual pieces are carried out from the erosion zone by the flow of liquid and enter the well and slurry holes 2. Water from the water conduit 1 also enters the nozzle 4 of the hydraulic elevator, additional hydromonitors 24 and the water conduit 10.

In the mixing chamber 6 there is a mixing of the slurry and water coming from the nozzle 4. The resulting mixture through the slurry line 5 and then through the set of sections of the slurry line is discharged to the surface.

Water from additional hydromonitors 24 further destroys some of the non-eroded pieces of rock mass. Part of the heavy fraction of the mineral that did not enter the slurry holes 2 enters the gap between the borehole wall and the body of the rock collector 13, goes down and is captured by elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19. Along the walls of the elastic cuffs, this fraction rolls into the receiving holes 17 and is retained on the petals of the accumulator 14. From the nozzles 12, water through the holes of the accumulator 14 falls on the accumulating pieces, erodes them and cleans crystals or pieces of ore from the waste rock. This is necessary in order to avoid filling the rock collector 13, which serves to collect the useful component, with waste rock. Upon reaching a certain weight specified by the stiffness of the spring 16, the petals 20 are lowered and pure minerals fall on the bottom 22, and the petals 20, under the action of the same spring 16, rise to their previous position and a new portion of ore is filled and washed. The stiffness of the spring can be changed with the regulator 26.

To catch individual spilling pieces, for example, due to irregularities in the borehole walls, several rows of windows 17 are made in the foam collector 13, under which elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19 are installed.

For the same purpose, several elastic cuffs 18 and (or) 19 are installed under each row of windows 17.

After the completion of the washout cycle, the lower head is raised to the surface, the rock collector 13 is disconnected using a detachable connection 21 and freed from the mineral. It is advisable to use a rock collector 13, the volume of which is equal to or exceeds the expected volume of spillage during the development of all sections from this well.

To ensure the delivery of broken pieces and crystals from the bottom to the well, it is advisable to carry out erosion with the creation of a bottom inclined towards the well in the production chambers, the angle of inclination of which exceeds the angle of natural slope of the rock mass.

With a single-leaf design of the accumulator 14, the rock mass falls on the movable petal 20, both directly from the receiving windows 17 and moving along the slide 27, which can be made either in the form of a solid plate or from a mesh. In the latter case, to ensure washing on it, as well as to facilitate movement to the movable petal, it is advisable to direct the nozzle 12 of the tip 11 to it.

The use of the proposed device, especially when mining expensive raw materials such as gold and diamonds, will avoid significant losses, and first of all, the most valuable large nuggets and crystals.

Claims (13)

1. A borehole hydraulic production unit, including an upper head connected to the lower head by a water conduit with slurry holes and a hydraulic elevator head, inside which a slurry conduit with a mixing chamber is located, at least one hydromonitor, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity of the water conduit, a water conduit pipe, the cavity of which is in communication with the cavity hydraulic elevator, and a rock collector made in the form of a glass with at least one row of inlet windows, the water pipe is equipped with a tip with nozzles, and the rock collector - with a hinged spring-loaded accumulator with flushing holes, while the rock collector is connected to the head of the hydraulic elevator, on which, in turn, is installed the water supply pipe, the glass under the row of receiving windows is covered by an elastic cuff, and the water supply pipe nozzles are placed under the hinged spring-loaded accumulator and directed towards it. 2. The unit of borehole hydraulic production according to claim 1, characterized in that the accumulator is made of mesh. 3. A borehole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the accumulator is single-lobed. 4. A borehole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the accumulator is multi-lobed, and the petals are placed around the water pipe. 5. The unit of borehole hydraulic production according to claim 1, characterized in that the rock collector is connected to the head of the hydraulic elevator by a detachable connection. 6. A downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the rock collector contains at least two rows of receiving windows, under each of which the glass is surrounded by an elastic cuff. 7. A downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the elastic cuffs are made of variable thickness with a decrease in the latter from the center to the periphery. 8. The downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that each elastic cuff is made of truncated segments. 9. The downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the truncated segments partially overlap each other. 10. The downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic cuff is split. 11. The downhole hydraulic production unit according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one elastic cuff is additionally installed under each row of receiving windows. 12. The unit of borehole hydraulic production according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitors are installed at an angle to the axis of the lower head. 13. The unit of borehole hydraulic production according to claim 1, characterized in that the rock collector contains at least one additional hinged spring-loaded accumulator, wherein each hinged spring-loaded accumulator is located under a number of receiving windows, and the nozzles of the tip of the water conduit are arranged in several rows, each of which housed under each hinged, spring-loaded drive.

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