RU2759252C1 - Complex for testing radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity fields of braking radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear and radiation physics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to nuclear and radiation physics and can be used to test radiation resistance (RR) of promising electronic component base (ECB) products of various types. The result is achieved by localizing BR field in a closed test compartment to accommodate tested ECB products, providing collimated selective effects on ECB, protecting the tested ECB from radiation scattered in the hall, reducing to an acceptable level the dose loads on the equipment and connectors and recording equipment located near the target outside the test volume, protection against penetration of electromagnetic blast (EMB) from accelerator compartment.EFFECT: expansion of accelerator's capabilities from the point of view of testing modern ECB, possibility of selective exposure of braking radiation (BR) to individual ECB elements.3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of nuclear and radiation physics and can be used to test the radiation resistance (PC) of products of a promising electronic component base (ECB) of various types - VLSI-RAM, MP, MK and others in high-intensity high-dose fields of ionizing radiation (IR) nanosecond duration.

Known installation for testing for radiation resistance (Patent RU 2128349. Installation for testing for radiation resistance. D. V. Gromov, S. V. Ermolaev, A. Yu. Nikiforov, P. K. Skorobogatov, A. I. Chumakov, O . A. Kalashnikov, A. V. Yanenko. SPELS, 1999 [1].) The installation contains an X-ray source, a radiation detector, a connection board for the tested object, a test object. The disadvantage of the installation is the low energy of the X-ray source, the operation of the source in a static mode, low noise immunity due to the use of extended galvanic connections between the blocks.

Known automated complex for testing integrated microcircuits for radiation resistance (Patent RU 2435169. Automated complex for testing integrated circuits for radiation resistance. Buzoverya EV, Naumov Yu.V. VNIIEF. 2010 [2]), containing a source of ionizing radiation (II), in the flow of which there is an ionizing radiation detector and an irradiated unit with a tested EEE element, control and monitoring units. Let's take this complex as an analogue.

In this case, the recording equipment is located in a separate room, separated from the irradiation room by biological shielding. This leads to the need to use cables up to 25 m long. The disadvantage of this complex is low noise immunity due to the use of electrical cables of considerable length, subject to electromagnetic interference (EMN).

Known automated complex for testing electronic components for radiation resistance (Patent RU 2553831. Automated complex for testing elements of an electronic component base for radiation resistance. Panchenko A.N., Pikar V.Y., Rodigin A.V., Teterevkov A. V., Elyash S.L. VNIIEF, 2015 [3]), which also contains an IR source, in the flow of which there is an IR detector and an irradiated container shielding from electromagnetic radiation with a tested EEE element. The container is made of aluminum with a wall thickness of 2 mm; behind the tested product (element) of the electronic component base, there is an additional 2 mm thick lead shield plate, which reduces the dose load on the control and functional monitoring units located further in the container and autonomous stabilized power supplies. Let's take this complex as an analogue.

The control and recording equipment is also located in a separate room. A feature of this complex is the use of fiber-optic transmission lines (FOCL) for transmitting information from the EEE under test, which reduce the sensitivity of the complex to EMA. In addition, the complex implements a number of solutions that accelerate the process of transition from one type of tested EEE product to another.

The disadvantages of the analog complex are as follows:

- location of the recording equipment in a separate room,

- the need to use additional converters to convert the electrical impulses of the EEE into light radiation and vice versa when transmitting information via fiber optic lines,

- low power of the used pulsed radiation source - ARSA (SL. Elyash et al. Small-sized pulsed electron accelerator ARSA for radiation research. Proceedings of RFNC-VNIIEF, Issue 9. pp. 128-131, 2005. [4]).

There is a need to test modern EEE products (elements) at a dose rate that is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the capabilities of ARCA. High-intensity radiation is generated by electron accelerators such as the linear induction accelerator LIU-30 (Pavlovsky A.I., Bosamykin BC, Gerasimov A.I., Tananakin V.A., Fedotkin A.S., Morunov K.A., Basmanov V.F. ., Skripka G.M., Tarasov A.D., Gordeev VS, Grishin A.V., Anfinogenov V.Ya., Gritsyna V.P., Averchenkov V.Ya., Lazarev S.A., Gorkunov VS, Veresov VP, Koshelev AS, Odintsov Yu.M. Powerful linear pulsed electron beam accelerator on radial lines LIU-30. and irradiation complexes and installations of RFNC-VNIIEF.Zavyalov NV, Gordeev VS, Savchenko VA, Grunin AV et al. // Physics and technology of high energy densities: FSUE RFNC-VNIIEF, 2011. - pp. 165-191. [6]), having a characteristic pulse duration of ~ 20 ns.

There is a complex for testing the radiation resistance of ECB products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields (BR), based on the use of the LIU-30 accelerator [5], [6]. The complex includes:

- accelerator LIU-30, which creates a wide TI beam for irradiation of large test objects (at a distance of 1 m from the target, the beam diameter is 0.6 m [5]). The accelerator is located in a separate compartment, and its target part is brought out into the irradiation hall;

- an irradiation room (a hall for carrying out experiments and tests), in which the TI flow spreads and the objects under study (test objects - OI) are installed in the TI direct flow. The dimensions of the hall are as follows: width × height × length 12 × 8 × 24 m ³ .

- measuring equipment for installing EEE products in the experimental hall and connecting cables to it;

- dosimeters installed in the TI stream to measure its characteristics;

- cables through which electric power is transmitted to the tested objects and, conversely, information to the recording equipment located in adjacent measuring rooms (compartments). Uninterruptible power supplies can be used to power the recording equipment. The measuring compartments with the recording equipment are separated from the irradiation room by thick concrete walls 2-3 m thick and thus protected from the effects of radiation and electromagnetic interference (EMN). In the concrete walls, cable channels are laid for the output of the measuring cables. The irradiation hall is also separated from the adjacent compartment, where the accelerator is located, by a thick concrete wall. Cables can be additionally shielded with metal foil and / or metallized fabric.

We will take this complex for testing radiation resistance in high-intensity fields of bremsstrahlung radiation as a prototype.

The development of EEE products (elements) has led to the fact that this complex for testing radiation resistance in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields has largely ceased to meet modern requirements. The disadvantages of the existing set of tests - the prototype are as follows. To transmit information about the effect of radiation on the object under study (OI) to the recording equipment in the adjacent measuring compartments, cable lines with a length of 20 m or more are used. potentials up to ~ 100 V.

Existing and promising radiation-resistant EEE products of a high degree of integration have low supply voltages (2.5 ÷ 4.5 V), a high frequency of data generation and complex equipment to ensure their operation. At EEE operating frequencies from 100 ÷ 1000 MHz and higher, cable lines 20 m long introduce significant distortions into the information transmitted to the recorders.

Also, the effect of radiation on the equipment is carried out when trying to locate it in the irradiation room.

Another drawback of the prototype is the lack of the possibility of a narrow selective effect on the elements of the electronic component in order to determine the radiation resistance (PC) of individual elements and to identify the critical elements of the electronic component when exposed to a high-intensity field. When testing thin electronic components, the effect of scattered electrons from the hall on the dose formation is possible.

Between the compartment of the accelerator and the irradiation room, there is a concrete partition wall, in which there is a 2 × 2 m ² hole for placing the outlet and target parts of the accelerator, for carrying out preventive maintenance. Due to the presence of air gaps in the hole, penetration from the EMN accelerator compartment caused by the operation of the accelerator systems - the magnetic field unit (BMP), high-voltage charger (HVC) and others - is possible.

The technical problem is the need to expand the capabilities of testing PC products (elements) of modern electronic components (taking into account their specificity) in high-intensity fields of TI.

The technical result consists in providing:

- the possibility of testing the PC of EEE products with obtaining reliable information while maintaining the maximum dose rate of the TI of the accelerator (by minimizing the distortions introduced due to the influence of negative factors (EMN, etc.), a significant reduction in the effect of direct and scattered TI on the equipment elements, and control and measuring equipment, realizing the possibility of approaching the recording equipment located in the shielding EMN chamber at a distance (1.5-2.0) m from the test object) when transmitting information about the effect of radiation on the test object (OI), which will expand the possibilities accelerator from the point of view of testing modern electronic components.

- the possibility of selective influence of TI on individual EEE elements.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the known complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity fields of bremsstrahlung radiation, consisting of a compartment with a powerful electron accelerator located in it with a target for the formation of bremsstrahlung radiation (TPI), an irradiation room for carrying out tests with a test object (TI) installed in it with measuring equipment, designed to organize the impact of TI on TI, while dosimeters are installed on the TI in the TI stream to measure the characteristics of the TI, as well as a measuring compartment to accommodate the recording equipment associated with an uninterruptible power supply, and the measuring equipment with OI, the recording equipment are electrically connected to each other by shielded cables, in the proposed complex in the irradiation room there is a test compartment, the test compartment is a small-sized closed container made and from a heavy material, the thickness of the container walls is chosen based on the condition of the maximum possible attenuation coefficient of quanta by the container walls, which ensures the localization of the space for irradiation of the IR TI near the target and the approach of the recording equipment to the IR, the container with its end wall is installed in direct contact with the target, in contact with the target a through collimation hole is made to the container wall for introducing the TI, while the container is installed on a load-carrying platform, between the compartment with the electron accelerator and the irradiation room, along the periphery of the junction of the side wall of the container with the target, a protective screen is installed, made of a heavy material selected from the condition of maximum attenuation of quanta together with the factors of influence of the container on the process of irradiation of the flux of TI quanta from the target and electromagnetic interference from the processes occurring in the compartment with the electron accelerator, in the area of the recording equipment, and the equipment recording information from the OI in the test compartment, located near the aforementioned container in the coverage area of the protective screen, ensuring the functioning of the container with a measuring compartment in the irradiation room.

In addition, the complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields may differ in that LIU-30 is a powerful electron accelerator, while the container of the test compartment is made of lead and has a rectangular shape, a collimation hole in the end wall has a diameter, the size of which lies in the range from 30 mm to 70 mm, both in the design of the container and in the design of the protective screen, the joints between the individual elements are made in the form of labyrinth surfaces, hatches of different diameters are made in the lower wall of the container for the output of cable lines.

The complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields may differ in that anechoic chambers are used as the measuring compartment.

The changes proposed by the authors to the set of tests are as follows.

In the irradiation room, there is a test compartment created on the basis of a closed lead container attached to the target of an accelerator, for example, LIU-30, and functioning with it as a whole. The container is installed on a load-carrying platform.

A protective screen is installed in the hole in the concrete wall between the irradiation room and the accelerator compartment, which completely covers this hole.

The authors analyzed the irradiation conditions in the test compartment and carried out computational modeling of the attenuation of electromagnetic fields and TI fields by the compartment in order to determine the possibility of placing the measuring compartment in the near zone. The thickness of the end face and walls of the protective container and the thickness of the screen were chosen as a result of a compromise between the requirement for maximum attenuation of TI quanta and the reasonableness of the dimensions and mass of the container. This is reflected in the claimed claims, where it is noted that the container is made of a heavy material, the thickness of the walls of the container is selected based on the condition of the maximum possible attenuation coefficient of quanta by the walls of the container, which ensures the localization of the space for irradiation of the IR TI near the target and the approach of the recording equipment to the RI, and for the screen, the requirement must be met that it is made of a heavy material selected from the condition of maximum attenuation of quanta together with the factors of the container's influence on the process of irradiation of the TI quantum flux from the target and electromagnetic interference from processes occurring in the compartment with the electron accelerator, in the area of the recording equipment.

Installation of a test compartment and a protective screen in the irradiation room allows placing a measuring compartment with recording equipment in the zone of their weakening effect on TI and EMP. As a measuring compartment, anechoic chambers are used, which weaken the external EMN and additionally differ in the presence of internal complex surfaces that exclude the formation of standing or scattered electromagnetic waves in the chamber volume.

Thus, the technical result was achieved due to the localization of the TI field in a closed test compartment for placing the tested EEE products, ensuring a collimated selective effect on the EEE, protecting the EEE under test from radiation scattered in the room, reducing to an acceptable level of dose loads on the equipment and connectors and located near targets outside the test volume, recording equipment, protection against EMN penetration from the accelerator compartment.

The general scheme of measurements using the proposed complex, top view, is shown in Fig. 1, where 1 is an electron accelerator, 2 is an accelerator compartment, 3 is an accelerator target, 4 is an irradiation room, 5 is a test compartment (container), 6 is an entrance collimator, 7 - protective screen, 8 - dosimeter, 9 - measuring compartment, 10 - cable, 11 - concrete wall, 13 - test object, 14 - partition wall.

The geometry of the location of the test compartment (container) is shown in Fig. 2, where 12 is a load-carrying platform, a is a rear view, b is a sectional view.

The technical result consists in providing:

- the possibility of testing the PC of EEE products with obtaining reliable information while maintaining the maximum dose rate of the TI of the accelerator (by minimizing the distortions introduced due to the influence of negative factors (EMN, etc.), a significant reduction in the effect of direct and scattered TI on the equipment elements, and control and measuring equipment, realizing the possibility of approaching the recording equipment located in the shielding EMN chamber at a distance (1.5-2.0) m from the test object) when transmitting information about the effect of radiation on the test object (OI), which will expand the possibilities accelerator from the point of view of testing modern electronic components.

- the possibility of selective influence of TI on individual EEE elements.

The manufacture of the container 5 of the test compartment consisted in the creation of sealed box shells made of corrosion-resistant steel, filling them with lead and subsequent machining. Lead was chosen as a heavy material with an attenuation coefficient μ = 0.47 cm ^-1 at a photon energy of 3 MeV and large values of the coefficient at other energies. For ease of use, the rear wall of the container is made in the form of a door mounted on a pivot hinge support. Openings with replaceable covers are made in the front and bottom walls. The holes of different diameters in the front wall are collimators for introducing the TI into the container volume. The openings in the bottom wall of the container are designed to lead out cables to the measuring compartment, as well as various technological elements. Fasteners and structural members are made of corrosion-resistant steel and integrated into the structure of the lead-filled shells. The container body is mounted on carriages with wheel bearings, which in turn are mounted on a load-carrying platform 12. Adjustment between the body and the carriages ensures precise positioning of the container in the opening of the protective screen. Structural elements were developed based on the need for mechanical strength and taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.

Let us give in more detail the characteristics of the lead rectangular container 5. The internal dimensions of the container are (width × height × depth) W × H × D: 300 × 500 × 300 mm. The outer dimensions of the container are W x H x D: 400 x 600 x 500 mm. The collimator 6 with a diameter in the range from 30 mm to 70 mm allows the selective action of TI on individual elements of the EEE (OI) 13. The mass of the container is ~ 1000 kg.

The container 5 functions in the irradiation room 4, closely adjoining the target 3. Outside the container, a 10 cm thick protective shield 7 is located close to it. The shield protects, together with the container, the EEE under test and the measuring compartment 5 from EMP generated by systems in compartment 2 of the accelerator 1 LIA -30, as well as from the TI emitted by the target 3. The protective screen 7 consists of a frame located around the perimeter of the screen and two sections. The lower section is made of lead. The upper section is made of steel, has the shape of the letter "P", which ensures a tight fit of the screen to the side surface of the lead container. The weight of the protective shield is 4000 kg. Both in the construction of the container and in the construction of the protective screen, the joints between the individual elements are made in the form of labyrinth surfaces, which excludes the presence of direct slots for radiation penetration.

The tests carried out have shown that the developed complex based on the test compartment 5 together with the protective shield 7 reduces by more than 10 ² times the levels of dose loads on cables and equipment outside the compartment. At the positions of placing the passive components of the rig (at a distance of 10 cm from the axis of the accelerator) inside the container, the ionization currents in the dielectric and gas insulation of the components of the rig decrease by more than an order of magnitude, as well as the contribution of radiation-induced potentials at the terminals of the passive components.

This makes it possible to bring the recording equipment located in the measuring compartment 9 closer to a distance (1.5-2.0) m from the test object and read and write information from modern electronic components. As a measuring compartment, we used special shielding EMP chambers - the so-called anechoic chambers. In the experiments carried out, a Tektronix TDS 3014 V oscilloscope was placed in the anechoic chamber of the Faraday Scientific and Technical Center (NPO Faraday website, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, faradey.ru [7]) with an additional lead shield installed. between EEE and instrumentation. For information transmission, cables of the RK-75-9-13, RK 75-4-11, BELDEN 8112 types were used. The recording equipment can be powered from autonomous stabilized uninterruptible power supplies.

In general, the complex based on the test compartment can significantly reduce the effect of direct and scattered TI on tooling elements and instrumentation. The developed complex for testing radiation resistance will allow testing highly integrated electronic components while maintaining the maximum dose rate TI LIU-30 in various modes of operation of LIU-30.

Thus, a technical result has been achieved, which consists in ensuring

- the possibility of testing the PC of EEE products with obtaining reliable information while maintaining the maximum dose rate of the TI of the accelerator (by minimizing the distortions introduced due to the influence of negative factors (EMN, etc.), a significant reduction in the effect of direct and scattered TI on the equipment elements, and control and measuring equipment, realizing the possibility of approaching the recording equipment located in the shielding EMN chamber at a distance (1.5-2.0) m from the test object) when transmitting information about the effect of radiation on the test object (OI), which will expand the possibilities accelerator from the point of view of testing modern electronic components.

- the possibility of selective influence of TI on individual EEE elements.

Claims (21)

1. A complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields, consisting of - a compartment with a powerful electron accelerator located in it with a target for the formation of bremsstrahlung radiation (BR), - an irradiation room for testing with a test object (TI) installed in it with measuring equipment, designed to organize the impact of TI on OR, - at the same time, dosimeters are installed on the OI in the TI stream to measure the characteristics of the TI, - as well as a measuring compartment for placing in it the recording equipment associated with an uninterruptible power supply, - moreover, measuring equipment with OI, recording equipment are electrically connected to each other by shielded cables, characterized in that - the test compartment is located in the irradiation room, - the test compartment is a small-sized closed container made of heavy material, the thickness of the container walls is selected based on the condition of the maximum possible attenuation coefficient of quanta by the walls of the container, which ensures the localization of the space for irradiation of the IR TI near the target and the approach of the recording equipment to the RI, - the container with its end wall is installed in direct contact with the target, - a through collimation hole is made in the container wall in contact with the target for inserting the TI, - while the container is installed on a load-carrying platform, - between the compartment with the electron accelerator and the irradiation room, along the periphery of the junction of the side wall of the container with the target, a protective shield is installed, made of a heavy material selected from the condition of maximum attenuation of quanta together with the factors of the container's influence on the process of irradiation of the TI quantum flux from the target and electromagnetic interference from the processes occurring in the compartment with the electron accelerator, in the area where the recording equipment is located. - moreover, the equipment recording information from the OI in the test compartment is located near the aforementioned container in the area of the protective screen, ensuring the functioning of the container with the measuring compartment in the irradiation room. 2. A complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields according to claim 1, characterized in that - a powerful electron accelerator is LIU-30, - the container of the test compartment is made of lead and has a rectangular shape, - the collimation hole in the end wall has a diameter ranging from 30 mm to 70 mm, - both in the design of the container and in the design of the protective screen, the joints between the individual elements are made in the form of labyrinth surfaces, - holes of different diameters are made in the lower wall of the container for the output of cable lines. 3. A complex for testing the radiation resistance of electronic component base products in high-intensity bremsstrahlung fields according to claim 1, characterized in that anechoic chambers are used as the measuring compartment.

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