RU2758887C1 - Thermodynamic engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: thermodynamic engine comprises a body, a rod, a flexible plate linked with the rod, a support 11, a shaft 9, a bearing, a casing 12. The body is formed by tubes 3 arranged radially in a heat-insulated hub 2. The hub 2 is set on the shaft 9 by means of the bearing. The casing 12 is capable of rotating at a certain angle around the axis of rotation of the body and hides several tubes 3 in the shade, preventing premature heating of the tubes 3 from the outside heat. A working substance is located inside each tube 3, capable of expanding in volume when the temperature rises within predetermined limits from heat flows 13, 14. One spring is installed inside each tube 3, rigidly fixed to the tube 3 and interacting with the flexible plate whereon a load 10 is installed. One rod is installed inside each tube 3, connected with the flexible plate and the load 10.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency index of the engine with a possibility of producing work and power without polluting the environment.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy.

Known invention - "Chamber of variable volume" (see Rudyakevich V.E., Samuskov A.E., Chamber of variable volume, ed. St. USSR No. 958658, IPC F01B 19/02, F04B 43/02, F15B 15/10 , 1982, Bul. No. 34), which contains a body, a movable rod, fixed along the periphery in the body and a membrane interacting in the center with the rod, separating the working cavity from the rod, spring plates having radial petals, and in order to increase the reliability of the adjacent to the loose ends of the petals, the rod wall is made confuser with the cross-sectional perimeter decreasing in the direction from the membrane, and the perimeter of the spring plates in the package is made decreasing in the direction from the membrane and the ends of the petals are supported on the confuser surface of the rod cavity wall.

The disadvantage of this invention is that the invention has a narrow scope and cannot be considered as a reusable engine or power plant.

Known technical solution - "Membrane engine" (Vorobiev A.D., Vorobieva N.V., Kozel L.G., Grishina M.S., Stasevich V.V., Samokhvalova L.A., Membrane engine, Author's certificate USSR No. 1620702. IPC F15B 15/10, 43/02. 01/15/91. Bulletin No. 2.), containing a body, a membrane associated with a movable rod, working cavities, channels for supplying and removing the working medium, support plates, a damper, bushings, springs, axial and radial channels, adjustable throttle.

The disadvantage of this invention is the impossibility of obtaining free energy and work.

The closest technical development is - "Boxer internal combustion engine" (see Maksimov V.P., Dolmatov N.P., Kmet E.A., Litvintsev S.A., Davidenko A.A., Boxer engine, RF patent for IZ No. 2644318, IPC F01B 19/02, F02B 75/36, 2018, Bul. No. 4), which contains a body made in the form of oppositely located combustion chambers with a rectangular cross-section, and in each combustion chamber the injection system, the exhaust system and the spark plugs are located; in the center of the body there is also a flexible plate, which is connected to the rod, the ends of which interact with the flywheels.

The disadvantages of this invention are: 1) environmental pollution due to exhaust gases released during the combustion of fuel; 2) the impossibility of obtaining work and generating electrical energy only by increasing the temperature of some parts of the engine without the process of fuel combustion.

Solvable technical problem - existing engines generally operate with significant environmental impact, including exhaust emissions (internal combustion engines, air-jet engines, etc.), reduced wind power and, as a result, climate change (wind turbines power plants), etc.

The objective of the claimed invention is the production of mechanical work due to the temperature difference in some parts of the TD and in gravity due to the thermal power of the environment and / or heat flows from additional heat sources.

The problem to be solved of the claimed invention is to create an energy efficient engine that can perform work only due to temperature differences in some of its parts and in gravity.

The technical result to be achieved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the engine with the possibility of producing work and energy without polluting the environment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a thermodynamic engine (TD), containing a housing, a rod, a flexible plate connected to the rod, a support, a shaft, a bearing, a housing formed by tubes located radially in a heat-insulated hub, which is mounted on the shaft by means of a bearing , a casing capable of pivoting at a certain angle around the axis of rotation of the body and hiding several tubes in the shade, preventing premature heating of the tubes from heat coming from outside, and inside each tube there is a working substance that can expand in volume when the temperature rises within certain limits from heat fluxes , one spring is installed inside each tube, rigidly fixed to the tube and interacting with the flexible plate on which the weight is installed; also, one rod is installed inside each tube, connected to the flexible plate and the weight. The TD may contain a gearbox connected to a housing and an electric generator to generate electrical energy. The TD may also contain a liquid reservoir for cooling the heated tubes.

To clarify the technical essence of the invention, consider FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, where: 1 - housing, 2 - heat-insulating hub, 3 - tube, 4 - stem, 5 - spring, 6 - flexible plate, 7 - working substance, 8 - bearing, 9 - shaft, 10 - load, 11 - support, 12 - casing, 13 - heat flow, 14 - heat flow, 15 - reservoir with liquid, 16 - liquid.

The figures (pictures) show the following:

FIG. 1 - General view of the TD;

FIG. 2 - Section of the TD tube;

FIG. 3 - Operation of the TD containing the casing;

FIG. 4 - Operation of the TD, containing the casing, with the cooling of the tubes in the tank with the liquid.

Thus, the TD contains a housing 1 made in the form of a wheel containing a heat-insulated hub 2 with tubes 3 of the same mass and length L mounted on it (Fig. 1).

Tubes 3 can be made of highly conductive metal or metal alloy, for example, copper, bronze, etc. (copper has a thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 389.6 W / (m⋅K)).

Inside each tube 3, the same working substance 7 with a large coefficient of thermal expansion β is hermetically sealed.

- физическая величина, характеризующая относительное изменение объема или линейных размеров тела с увеличением температуры на 1 К при постоянном давлении. Имеет размерность обратной температуры. Различают коэффициенты объемного и линейного расширения (см. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Коэффициент_теплового_расширения). Например, для воды (в интервале температур от 20°С до 40°С) β=302⋅10^-6 °С^-1; для керосина β=960⋅10^-6 °С^-1; для спирта β=1080⋅10^-6 °С^-1; для эфира β=1600⋅10^-6 °С^-1.

- a physical quantity characterizing the relative change in the volume or linear dimensions of the body with an increase in temperature by 1 K at constant pressure. Has the dimension of return temperature. Distinguish between the coefficients of volumetric and linear expansion (see https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/thermal_expansion_coefficient). For example, for water (in the temperature range from 20 ° С to 40 ° С) β = 302⋅10 ^-6 ° С ^-1 ; for kerosene β = 960⋅10 ^-6 ° С ^-1 ; for alcohol β = 1080⋅10 ^-6 ° С ^-1 ; for ether β = 1600⋅10 ^-6 ° С ^-1 .

At the end of each tube 3, a flexible plate 6 is hermetically and rigidly installed, on which, in turn, a load 10 is fixed. All loads 10 in the TD are absolutely identical in mass. Flexible plate 6 and weight 10 are rigidly connected to the rod 4, which is held inside the tube 3 and can move in one direction. Also, the flexible plate 6 is connected to a spring 5, which is installed inside the tube 3. The length of all tubes L is the same. However, the arm L 'can be increased or decreased by moving the weight 10 (Fig. 2).

The housing 1 is seated on the shaft 9 with the help of a heat-insulated hub 2 and a bearing 8. The TD structure is held above the ground due to the support 11, which is stationary. The support 11 can be made in the form of rods, plates connected together, also contains a part sitting on the shaft 9, and a horizontal plane in contact with the ground (not indicated in the figure).

TD also contains a casing 12 with the ability to rotate around the axis of rotation of the housing 1 at a certain angle (Fig. 3). The casing 12 can be made hollow and does not touch the tubes 3 and weights 10 during the operation of the TD. The main function of the casing 12 is to prevent a significant part of the heat flux 13 or 14 from entering the tubes 3 located on the opposite side of the housing 1, in order to maintain a constant temperature difference between the coaxially located tubes 3 (Fig. 3).

TD may contain a reservoir 15 with liquid 16 for the purpose of cooling the tubes 3 when the housing 1 is rotated around the axis of rotation of the housing 1 (Fig. 4).

The tubes are not directly connected to each other (Figs. 1, 3), since they are connected to a heat-insulated hub 2 made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient R (for example, λ≤0.25 W / (m⋅K)). Thus, significant heat transfer from the most heated tubes to the less heated by thermal conduction is excluded.

The work of this TD:

When solar radiation (radiation) arrives in the form of a heat flux 13, the tubes 3 located outside the casing perceive this heat flux Q [W] and heat up (Figs. 3, 4). The working substance 7 inside these tubes quickly heats up and expands, a force arises that presses on the flexible plates 6 from the inside, the springs 5 stretch, and the weights 10 move away from the center of rotation of the housing 1 in the opposite direction by a certain distance, while the distance L 'increases. The higher the temperature of the working substance 7, the greater the distance the weights 10 move, the springs stretch more, and the flexible plates 6 bend more (up to a certain limit). Thus, the shoulders L 'on one side of the body 1 are larger than on the other (in Fig. 3 - the shoulders L' on the left are smaller than the shoulders L 'on the right). In this regard, according to the laws of mechanics, the moments of forces on one side of the body 1 become greater than the moments of forces on the other side of the body 1 relative to the single center of rotation, the body 1 begins to rotate on the shaft 9, then the body 1 spontaneously rotates (clockwise in Fig. . 3). When the tubes 3 get under the casing 12, solar radiation does not directly affect the tubes 3, the temperature of which is therefore lower, which means that the working substance 7 in these tubes is also less heated. When the temperature inside the working substance 7 decreases, the forces acting on the flexible plates 6 decrease, the springs 5 are compressed, the weights 10 are shifted to the center of rotation, thereby reducing the distance L '.

Thus, the spontaneous movement of the housing 1 around the axis of rotation of the housing 1 occurs due to the fact that on the one hand, when the working substance expands under the influence of heating, the weights move a greater distance from the center of rotation, creating greater moments of forces than on the other side of the housing.

In order to better cool the tubes 3 and increase the efficiency of the TD, it is also proposed to cool the parts of the tubes 3 with the liquid 16 in the reservoir 15. That is, with the subsequent rotation of the housing 1 around the axis of rotation, the part of the tube 3 is in direct contact with the liquid 16 and gives off some heat Q (fig. 4). The liquid 16 can be cool fresh water with a temperature less than the temperature of the pipes 3. The reservoir 15 can be either artificially created or natural (for example, a lake, river, sea, etc.). The liquid 16 in the reservoir 15 can remain stationary or move with a certain mass velocity ρw [kg / (m ² ⋅s)] (with forced convection, the cooling of the tubes occurs faster than with natural).

It should be noted that in order to expand the range of application of the TD, it is possible to use the heat flux 14, which is not associated with solar radiation. For example, the heat flux 14 can be from combustion products at thermal power plants, from water vapor rising from the surface of the liquid to be cooled, and the like. In this case, the case is possible when the TD operates simultaneously from several heat fluxes Q [W], for example, 13 and 14.

A gearbox, an electric current generator or other devices (not shown in the description and in the figure) can be connected to the housing 1.

From all of the above, an unambiguous conclusion can be drawn: the developed thermodynamic engine allows you to get work and energy without polluting the environment and creating noise.

The device is quite simple and can be successfully used for the purpose of performing work, as well as for generating electricity in industry and in everyday life.

Claims (3)

1. A thermodynamic motor containing a housing, a rod, a flexible plate connected to the rod, characterized in that it contains a support, a shaft, a bearing, a housing formed by tubes located radially in a thermally insulated hub, which is fitted on the shaft with a bearing, a casing capable rotate at a certain angle around the axis of rotation of the body and hiding several tubes in the shade, preventing premature heating of the tubes from heat coming from outside, and inside each tube there is a working substance that can expand in volume when the temperature rises within certain limits of heat fluxes, inside each tube one spring is installed, rigidly fixed to the tube and interacting with the flexible plate on which the weight is installed; also, one rod is installed inside each tube, connected to the flexible plate and the weight. 2. Thermodynamic engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a gearbox connected to the housing and an electric generator for generating electrical energy. 3. Thermodynamic engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a reservoir with a liquid for cooling the heated tubes.

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