RU2755500C1 - Turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: turbocharger design.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the design of a turbocharger, i.e. an energy machine that allows using your kinetic energy to pump air, a fuel-air mixture for the purpose of its subsequent use in the desired device. The effect is achieved by the fact that the turbocharger contains a middle, turbine and compressor casing, characterized in that the middle casing includes an oil supply channel that passes into the oil supply cavity, has an axial hole in which a pair of bearings is located on opposite sides with a gap, a bushing is installed between the bearings, having at least a pair of oil drainage holes, passing at an angle to its axis and passing into the oil injection channel, while a shaft passes through the axial hole of the bushing, which in the area of the bushing at the points of oil inlet and outlet has a pair of blocks of spiral screw channels twisted to the side oil drain holes.

EFFECT: equipping the compressor with a passive oil supply system, i.e. obtaining a passive oil pump that does not require the use of an additional pump, or significantly reduce the power when using it.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the design of a turbocharger, i. E. an energy machine that allows you to use its kinetic energy to pump air, a fuel-air mixture for the purpose of its subsequent use in the desired device. Therefore, turbocharging is now increasingly used in engine building.

When a turbocharger is operating, its working shaft experiences axial and radial loads. The latter are perceived by journal bearings. For the formation of an effective and durable oil film in the bearings, there are strictly defined clearances, usually a few hundredths of a millimeter. Clearances exist both between the rotor and the hub and between the hub and the housing. Taken together, these clearances give quite a noticeable backlash, especially if the turbocharger is in a "dry" state. This can be confusing for someone who has no idea about the design of a turbocharger. The specified clearances are a prerequisite for the correct operation of the turbocharger.

The fact is that during the operation of the turbocharger, oil is supplied to its bearing assembly under pressure, which forms an oil film in the gaps. The strength of this film under normal conditions is quite high, its presence removes the radial play and centers the rotor. Thus, direct contact of metal surfaces is excluded, regardless of the operating mode of the unit - everything seems to float in an oil bath. In addition to the actual lubricating functions, the oil film performs the functions of sensing and compensating for radial loads (between the rotor and the bushing) and damping (between the bushing and the turbocharger housing). Another function of the turbocharger lubrication system is cooling. This cools the turbine rotor and housing, mainly on the turbine side.

The aim of the claimed invention is to modernize the design of a standard turbocharger.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is the solution RU 25908 U1, 10/27/2002, which discloses a turbocharger containing a middle, turbine and compressor housing, two rotation sleeves, a thrust bearing and a rotor with thrust washers and with turbine and compressor wheels, the shaft of which freely fits into the inner holes of the bushings of rotation, the working surfaces of the thrust bearing face the corresponding thrust washers, two bushings of rotation and the thrust bearing are installed in the middle housing, in which the oil supply and drain holes are made, in the middle part of each bushing of rotation there is an annular groove with radial holes evenly distributed around the circumference.

This solution has significant drawbacks, namely, that the oil from the drain hole goes back to the container for its storage and supply. Thus, the energy from the movement of oil is not used by the device, and an additional pump is used to supply oil, which requires energy consumption and an increase in components in the device.

The proposed invention is based on the task to modernize the design of a standard turbocharger: to create a system for pumping and draining oil to direct it to a given mechanism to perform any work.

The technical result is to equip the compressor with a passive oil supply system, i.e. obtaining a passive oil pump that does not require the use of an additional pump, or significantly reduce the power when using it.

This result is achieved by the fact that the turbocharger containing the middle, turbine and compressor housings, while the middle housing includes an oil supply channel passing into the oil supply cavity, has an axial hole in which a pair of bearings is located on opposite sides with a gap, a bushing is installed between the bearings, having at least a pair of oil drainage holes passing at an angle to the axis of the bushing and passing into the oil injection channel, while a shaft passes through the axial bore of the bushing, having a pair of blocks of spiral screw channels twisted to the side in the area of the bushing at the oil inlet and outlet points oil drain holes.

In the particular case of the design, the body of the bearing (s) has at least one channel through which oil flows, additionally creating an oil film, especially between the surfaces of the bearing and the shaft.

Plain bearings are used as bearings.

Next, the principle of operation of the device will be described with reference to the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows one of the possible variants of a turbocharger with an oil pump.

The turbocharger contains the middle 1, the turbine 2 and the compressor 3 housings, while the turbine 2 and the compressor 3 housings are not the subject of this invention and do not undergo any structural changes in comparison with the known ones. In this case, the middle body 1 includes an oil supply channel 4, through which oil flows from the oil supply container 10 into the oil supply cavity 5. Also, the middle housing 1 has an axial bore (not indicated by a position in the drawing), in which a pair of bearings 6 are located on opposite sides with a gap.

In the particular case of the design, the bearings 6 have oil-conducting channels through which oil flows, additionally creating an oil film, especially between the surfaces of the bearing and the shaft.

A bushing 7 is installed between the bearings 6, which has a pair of oil drainage holes, passing at an angle to the axis of the bushing and passing into the channel 8 for pumping oil, while shaft 9 passes through the axial hole of the bushing, which has a pair of blocks of spiral screw channels 11, twisted in the direction of the oil drain holes.

Channel 8 for pumping oil through the pipeline is connected to the oil supply tank 10. Brief description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a turbocharger with oil pump.

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - middle body;

2 - turbine body;

3 - compressor housing;

4 - oil supply channel;

5 - oil supply cavity;

6 - bearing;

7 - bushing;

8 - outlet channel;

9 - shaft;

10 - oil supply tank;

11 - a block of spiral screw channels.

The principle of operation of the proposed turbocharger is as follows.

From the oil supply tank 10, the oil through the oil supply channel 4 mainly flows by gravity into the oil supply cavity 5. Further, the oil enters the axial hole of the middle housing 1 from opposite sides and passes through the gaps in the bearings 6, or through the gaps in the bearings and special channels in the bearings 6. Further, the oil enters the area of the sleeve 7. In this area, the shaft 9 also passes. The shaft 9 has a pair of blocks of spiral helical channels 11, made in the form of screws, twisted towards the center, i.e. towards the oil drain holes. By means of the specified shaft 9, which operates at high speeds, and the blocks of helical screw channels 11, oil is actively pumped through the oil discharge holes into the oil discharge channel 8. The presence of at least two oil drain holes at an angle to the bushing axis provides sufficient flow capacity for oil on each side of the oil supply. By means of the created pressure, the oil is transported through the pipes leaving the oil injection channel 8 either into a mechanism for performing some work and / or into a mechanism that needs lubrication, for example, a hydraulic motor (not shown in the drawing), or is pumped into an oil supply container 10, from which the oil starts its movement again and enters the oil supply channel 4 of the turbocharger, and again it is supplied to the turbocharger assemblies. Thus, this cycle is repeated.

Thus, the created modernized design of the turbocharger with the formed system of pressurized injection and drainage of oil allows it (oil) to be directed to a given mechanism for performing some work or to a container for supplying oil. Thus, the proposed turbocharger with a passive oil supply system (passive oil pump) does not require the use of an additional pump for pumping oil, or when using it, it can significantly reduce its power.

Claims (4)

1. A turbocharger containing a middle, turbine and compressor casing, the middle casing includes an oil supply channel and an oil discharge outlet channel, has a shaft with a pair of bearings in the axial hole, characterized in that the oil supply channel passes into the oil supply cavity, a pair of bearings is installed with a gap, the shaft between the bearings has a bushing with at least a pair of oil drainage holes made at an angle to the axis of the bushing and passing into the oil discharge outlet channel, a shaft having a pair of spiral screw channel blocks twisted towards the oil drainage holes in the area of the bushing at the oil inlet and outlet points. 2. A turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the bearing body has oil channels. 3. Turbocharger according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that sleeve bearings are used as bearings. 4. Turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge channel is connected to a hydraulic motor or to an oil supply tank.

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