RU2752970C2 - Plant protection against fungal diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Means for protecting fruit and berry plants from diseases selected from mildew, anthracnose, mildew, oidium is characterized by that it contains polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, non-ionic surfactant - oxyethylated alkylphenols or oxyethylated fatty alcohols C12-C15 and water at the following ratio, wt. %: polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride 25; nonionic surfactant - oxyethylated alkylphenols or oxyethylated fatty alcohols C12-C15 3; water 72.EFFECT: invention enables to achieve the specified purpose.1 cl, 2 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

Description of the invention:

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to plant protection products and can be used to combat a wide range of plant diseases of fungal etiology. A feature of the present invention is a previously unknown method of combating diseases of fruit and suitable plants of fungal etiology, based on the use of aqueous solutions of high molecular weight cationic polyelectrolytes. The proposed method consists in using for the treatment of plants a solution of a water-soluble organic compound - polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC, poly-N, N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylene pyrrolidinium chloride) and an auxiliary surfactant - a wetting agent, which provides a high antifungal activity of the agent, when lack of phytotoxicity. Unlike most fungicidal preparations used in agriculture, this agent does not accumulate in plants and is low-toxic to humans. According to the parameters of acute oral and cutaneous toxicity, all combinations of the agent belong to the III-IV class of low-hazard substances. Vapors of the product during inhalation exposure are not dangerous (IV class of low-hazard substances in terms of volatility).

Known patents (patent RU 2127069, RU 2492773, RU 2373696) which describe the use of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (in patent RU 2373696 referred to as poly-N, N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrroli-dinium halide) as a preservative for storing food and feed, as well as for processing containers for fruits and vegetables, for decontamination of greenhouses, hotbeds, trenches, storage facilities, basements, cellars, and, for the protection of construction materials made of wood, bricks, etc. At the same time, it can be used individually as a water solution, and in the form of complexes with sucrose and fructose. In addition, the patents describe the possibility of using polydiallyldimethylammonium fluorides, bromides and iodides for the preservation of products (patent RU 2492773).

Known USSR author's certificate (prototype) N 1069820, class. A61L 2/16, 1984, describing the use of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride in an aseptic agent. This product also contains tetra-N-butylammonium hydroxide hydrate, aqueous ammonia and distilled water. The agent works well on tuberculosis microbacteria and is used in medicine.

The patent (patent RU 2376761) describes an aseptic agent containing, in addition to polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (in the patent - poly-N, N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylenepyrrolidinium halide) and ammonia, tetramethylammonium hydroxide hydrate and (or) tetramethylethylenediamine, which exhibits high activity in relation to both gram-positive (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci) and gram-negative bacteria (typhoid, dysentery, cholera, etc.), and also suppresses the vital activity of the simplest molds, fungi and viruses.

Closest to the proposed drug is the drug "AVIBIF", produced by CJSC "ALFA-TEK", Russia, which is a water-soluble concentrate (150 g / l) poly-N, N-dimethyl-3,4-dimethylene-pyrrolidonium chloride (polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride). The drug is declared as a plant growth regulator with fungicidal and bactericidal activity, and can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment or spraying of vegetative plants. However, most of the works are devoted to the study of the effect of the drug on the stress resistance of plants, increasing the yield and improving the consumer properties of fruits, berries and grains. It has been established that, being an exogenous inducer of plant protection, the drug activates seed germination with limited water supply, ensures their high germination, stimulates the growth of the root system even in severe drought conditions. The drug activates the accumulation of chlorophyll and promotes the rational use of water by plants during the growing season.

Antibacterial and antiviral properties of the drug "AVIBIF" have been studied mainly on the example of grain crops. So, under the influence of the drug, the resistance of plants to damage by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas , and in particular Pseudomonas syringe (lilac pseudomonas) - the causative agent of basal bacteriosis of cereals, as well as to diseases caused by xanthomonas, corynobacteria, ervinia, streptobacteria, and the development of black bacteria and agrobacteria , the death of shoots, the defeat of leaves and ovaries in vegetable crops, stone fruit and pome fruit plantations. On soybeans, the drug can reduce the manifestation of viral diseases, such as ascochitis and yellow mosaic.

The fungicidal properties of the drug have been studied only on the example of potatoes. So, according to the data given in the article published in the journal “Plant Protection and Quarantine” No. 1, p. 27 for 2014, the use of the drug “AVIBIF” in the technology of growing potatoes increased resistance to damage to tubers of a new crop by late blight, Alternaria, Rhizoctoniosis, common scab, wet and dry rot.

However, a systemic study of the use of polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride as a means of protecting fruit and berry plants from diseases of fungal etiology has not yet been carried out.

The problem solved by the invention is the creation of a fungicidal agent effective against a wide range of diseases of fungal etiology on fruit and berry plants, increasing the yield and improving the quality of the fruit.

It is proposed to use solutions of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, which is a high molecular weight cationic polyelectrolyte, to combat pathogenic microflora of fungal nature. It was found that interacting with a negatively charged cell membrane of a microorganism, cationic polyelectrolyte molecules are adsorbed on it, causing its lysis, and penetrate into the cell. Being inside it, the polyelectrolyte molecule has a blocking effect on the biological activity of enzymes, prevents the replication of nucleic acids and inhibits the respiratory system. In its totality, this complex of influences leads to the death of a microorganism or inhibits its reproduction. However, it is known that aqueous solutions of electrolytes and polyelectrolytes poorly wet the leaves and stems of plants coated with hydrophobic wax-like substances. Therefore, to improve the wettability and retention of drops on the leaf surface, surfactants are introduced into the composition of the agent - ethoxylated alkyl phenols or ethoxylated fatty alcohols C12-C15.

Reagents based on polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) have been used for 35 years as a reagent for the purification of drinking water in many countries of the world, including Russia. PolyDADMACH is produced under various trade names by more than 260 companies around the world. In Russia, this reagent is produced under the brand name VPK-402. Therefore, this substance is commercially available. Another advantage of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride is that this substance has little toxicity to humans.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

The effectiveness of the remedy was tested from May 15 to October 30, 2017 on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (FGBNU VNIIF). Place of testing - Russia:

1. Rostov region, Volgodonsk region, IP “Rastegaev DM”. Soil and climatic zone: the zone of chernozems of the forest-steppe and steppe regions: the North Caucasian region of cultivation, the Rostov region.

2. Volgograd region, Gorodishchensky district, Peskovatka village, IE Khvan V.A. and Volgograd region, Uryupinsky district, Uryupinsk, IE Sayutin NI. Soil and climatic zone: sit is the chestnut soils of the dry steppe region: the Volga region, the Volgograd region.

In all experiments, the agent was used at a concentration of 40 ml / 1 L of water. The standard preparations used were used at the concentrations indicated in the instructions for use. The multiplicity of crop treatments for the test agent and the standard is 3. Method of application: spraying of plants during the growing season. Apparatus used: manual knapsack sprayer "Quasar Orion V9" 9 liters. The flow rate of the working fluid of the studied agent and standard preparations is selected depending on the type of culture and phytopathogen:

1. For tomatoes - 3 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - “Fitosporin-M” preparation, up to 10 l / 100 m ² ).

2. For cucumbers of indoor and open ground - 3 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - the drug "Bordeaux mixture-F", up to 20 l / 100 m ² ).

3. For onions - 10 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - the preparation "Kurzat R", SP - 5 l / 100 m ² ).

4. For strawberries - 10 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - Agrolekar, EC - 15 l per 100 m ² ).

5. For black currants and gooseberries - 6-8 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - Agrolekar preparation, EC - 15 l per 100 m ² ).

6. For grapes - 10 l / 100 m ² (for the standard - the preparation "Sporobacterin", SP - 10 l / 100 m ² ).

7. For an apple tree - 10 liters per tree (for the standard - the drug “Strobi”, VDG - 10 liters per tree).

8. For cherries - 6-8 liters per 100 m ² crowns (for the standard - "Bordeaux mixture-F", GRP - 15-20 liters per 100 m ² crowns).

9. For plums - 6-8 liters per 100 m ² crowns (for the standard - "Bordeaux mixture-F", GRP - 15-20 liters per 100 m ² crowns).

The accounting was carried out according to the "Methodological guidelines for registration tests of fungicides in agriculture", ed. IN AND. Dolzhenko. - SPb: All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 2009. - S. 10-45, 209-211. The biological effectiveness of drugs was assessed by the prevalence and development of the disease in the control variant and after treatment with drugs. The calculation was carried out according to the Abbott formula. It takes into account the development of the disease in the control and test variant after treatment. The effect of chemical treatments with the studied agent is statistically significant between experimental variants.

Crops, phytopathogens and processing times used in the studies are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Crops, pathogens, processing dates and development phases (second climatic zone, Rostov region).

Culture Name
pathogenic organism Dates
processing Plant development phases Indoor tomato hybrid - '' Bobcat F ₁ . late blight
(Phytophthora infestans) June 17
June 25
04 july bloom,
fruiting Cucumber
indoor hybrid - Courage F ₁ . peronosporosis
(Pseudoperonospora cubensis),
anthracnose
(Collectotricum lagenarium) June 17
June 25
04 july bloom,
fruiting Cucumber
open ground grade - Phoenix. peronosporosis
(Pseudoperonospora cubensis), anthracnose
(Collectotricum lagenarium) June 18
June 26
05 july bloom,
fruiting Onion Hybrid - Studgarten Riesen F ₁ . peronosporosis
(Peronospora destructor) June 18
03 july
July, 12 4-5 true leaves
7-8 true leaves
tying a bulb Strawberry Sort - Queen Elizabeth. gray rot
(Botrytis cinerea),
powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca moscularis f. fragariae) June 17
27th of June
06 july flowering, fruiting
flowering, fruiting
fruiting Black currant Sort - Green haze. powdery mildew
(Sphaerotheca mors-uvae),
anthracnose
(Gloeosporium ribis) June 17
27th of June
06 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Gooseberry Variety - Beryl. powdery mildew
(Sphaerotheca mors-uvae),
anthracnose
(Gloeosporium ribis) June 17
27th of June
06 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Grape Variety - Violet early. mildew
(Plasmopara viticola),
oidium (Uncinula necator) June 17
27th of June
06 july fruit formation
vegetation
vegetation Apple Variety - Jonathan. scab (Ventura inaequalis) June 17
27th of June
10 july fruit formation
vegetation
vegetation Cherry Sort - Vladimirskaya. clusterosporiosis
(Clasterosporium carpophilum) June 17
27th of June
10 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Plum Sort - Hungarian. moniliosis
(Sclerotinia fructigena) June 17
27th of June
10 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation

Table 2. Crops, pathogens, processing dates and development phases (second climatic zone, Volgograd region).

Culture Name
pathogenic organism Dates
processing Plant development phases Indoor tomato - hybrid "Attia F ₁ ". late blight
(Phytophthora infestans) June 19
27th of June
06 july bloom,
fruiting Cucumber
indoor ground - hybrid "Courage F ₁ ". peronosporosis
(Pseudoperonospora cubensis),
anthracnose
(Collectotricum lagenarium) June 19
27th of June
06 july bloom,
fruiting Cucumber
open ground - hybrid "Debut F ₁ ". peronosporosis
(Pseudoperonospora cubensis), anthracnose
(Collectotricum lagenarium) June 20
June 28
07 july bloom,
fruiting The bow is a hybrid "Banco F ₁ ". peronosporosis
(Peronospora destructor) June 20
05 july
the 14 th of July 4-5 true leaves
7-8 true leaves
tying a bulb Strawberries - Variety "Queen Elizabeth". gray rot
(Botrytis cinerea),
powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca moscularis f. fragariae) June 19
June 29
08 july flowering, fruiting
flowering, fruiting
fruiting Black currant - grade “Black Pearl”. powdery mildew
(Sphaerotheca mors-uvae),
anthracnose
(Gloeosporium ribis) June 19
June 29
08 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Gooseberry-grade "Jubilee". powdery mildew
(Sphaerotheca mors-uvae),
anthracnose
(Gloeosporium ribis) June 19
June 29
08 july vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Grapes - variety "Codryanka". mildew
(Plasmopara viticola),
oidium (Uncinula necator) June 19
June 29
08 july fruit formation
vegetation
vegetation Apple-tree - variety "Orlovskoe striped". scab (Ventura inaequalis) June 19
June 29
July, 12 fruit formation
vegetation
vegetation Cherry - grade "Youth". clusterosporiosis
(Clasterosporium carpophilum) June 19
June 29
July, 12 vegetation
vegetation
vegetation Plum - grade "Anna Shpet". moniliosis
(Sclerotinia fructigena) June 19
June 29
July, 12 vegetation
vegetation
vegetation

The results of testing the agent in the second natural and climatic zone (Rostov region) and in the third natural and climatic zone (Volgograd region) showed its high biological effectiveness against fungal diseases on various fruit and berry crops. Under the conditions of the experiments, with three-fold processing, the agent prevented the spread of diseases or significantly (5-15 times) reduced the degree of development of pathogens on all tested crops (tomato, cucumber, onion, strawberries, grapes, black currants, gooseberries, apple trees, cherries, etc.) plum), which indicates its potential for use in agriculture (Fig. 1-4). From the results obtained in the experiments, it follows that the tool is effective at the level of the most well-known and widely used standard preparations for these cultures, and in some cases it exceeded them. The period of action of the funds is from 7 to 14 days, depending on the culture. Tests have shown that in order to improve the effect of this agent, it is necessary to start treatment immediately after budding on woody plants and during the period of emergence of seedlings on vegetable crops. This will block the spread of the infection in the future. It was found that the agent increases the yield of fruits on vegetable and fruit-berry crops from 11 to 31%. At the same time, the quality of the fruit also improves due to the absence of infection. The conducted studies allow us to recommend the use of this BP remedy in the second and third climatic zones to fight diseases on tomato, cucumber, onion, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, apple, cherry and plum.

Claims (2)

A remedy for protecting fruit and berry plants from diseases selected from powdery mildew, anthractose, mildew, oidium, characterized in that it contains polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, a nonionic surfactant - oxyethylated alkyl phenols or oxyethylated fatty alcohols C12-C15, and water the weight.%: polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride 25 nonionic surfactant substance - oxyethylated alkyl phenols or ethoxylated fatty alcohols C12-C15 3 water 72

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