RU2752755C1 - Method for individual correction of parameters of technical channels for transmission of educational content perceived by auditory organs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: acoustics.

SUBSTANCE: method for individual correction of parameters of technical channels for transmission of educational content perceived by auditory organs consists in generating acoustic vibrations. The workplaces of the students are preliminarily conditionally numbered, each student is assigned an identifier, identification, authentication and authorisation of the students at individual workplaces are executed, a correlation matrix of workplace numbers and student identifiers is formed, individual parameters of the speech apparatus of the teacher and the auditory organs of the students are measured; the measured parameters are stored; the parameters of the speech apparatus of the teacher and the auditory organs of each student, obtained during the initial testing, are sequentially in pairs retrieved from memory and compared, the parameters of each nth preamplifier-corrector and terminal amplifier are corrected by matching the individual parameters of the speech apparatus the teacher and the auditory organs of each student, acoustic oscillations are amplified using n amplification channels.

EFFECT: ensured identity of n technical channels for transmission of educational content and minimised length of the acoustic channel.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of education, and in particular to methods for correcting the parameters of the acoustic transmission channel of educational content.

Students can perceive information in the learning process using various analyzers, for example, visual, auditory, tactile, tactile, gustatory [Sitdikova GF, Yakovleva OV, Yakovlev A.V. Workshop on the physiology of sensory systems: skin sensory system, auditory analyzer, gustatory sensitivity / Sitdikova G.F., Yakovleva O.V., Yakovlev A.V. - Kazan: KSU. - 2009. - 39 p., Pp. 1 - 39, Engineering psychology: method. instructions and counter. question for stud. specialist. "Modeling and computer design of radio electronic means" and "Technical security" correspondence course. Forms of training. / comp. V.M. Alefirenko. - Minsk: BSUIR, 2009 - 17 p., P. 1 - 17].

The existing methods of transmitting information to students are designed mainly by the auditory analyzer. In this case, the human hearing aid acts as a receiver when perceiving transmitted speech information. The apparatus designated by the term "ear" includes: the external (sound-detecting apparatus), the middle (sound-transmitting apparatus) and the inner (sound-perceiving apparatus) ear. The human ear has the properties of a frequency analyzer, discrete perception in frequency and dynamic ranges. The ear perceives certain frequencies of sounds due to the functional ability of the fibers of its membrane to resonate. The physiological significance of the outer and middle ear lies in the conduction and amplification of sounds. The human auditory analyzer "captures" the waveform, the frequency spectrum of pure tones and noises, analyzes and synthesizes within certain limits the frequency components of sound stimulation, detects and identifies sounds in a wide range of intensities and frequencies.

The following characteristics of the human hearing system are distinguished: frequency and dynamic range, selectivity (resolution), absolute and differential thresholds (in terms of loudness and height), area of auditory perception, width of the critical hearing aid at medium and high frequencies, sensitivity to pure tones, time threshold sensitivity, the time constant of hearing when the sound rises and falls, etc. In this case, the values of these characteristics for each person are individual [Hearing characteristics and speech intelligibility. Electronic resource: https://siblec.ru/telekommunikatsii/ustrojstva-preobrazovaniya-i-obrabotki-informatsii-v-sistemakh-podvizhnoj-radiosvyazi/4-kharakteristiki-slukha-i-razborchivost-rechi. Date of treatment 08/30/2020; Methodological foundations of engineering psychology. Electronic resource: https://infopedia.su/3x62d9.html. Date of treatment 08/30/2020].

In any communication systems, the best perception occurs when the receiver (3, Fig. 1) in its parameters is fully matched to the parameters of the transmitter (2, Fig. 1). The signals of reception S '(t) and transmission S (t) must be matched in amplitude, frequency, phase, spectrum, shape, amplitude-frequency characteristic and other parameters.

The teacher's speech apparatus acts as a transmitter in the learning process. Speech signals are acoustically distributed in the air, sound vibrations of complex structure, which are characterized in relation to their frequency (number of vibrations per second), intensity (amplitude of vibrations) and duration. All these characteristics are subject to changes during one speech signal.

The sources of speech sounds in the human articulatory tract are:

periodic modulation by means of vibrating vocal cords of the air flow supplied from the lungs (vocal source);

turbulent eddies of the air flow in the constrictions of the pronunciation tract (noise, or vortex, source);

abrupt change in air pressure in the articulatory tract with a sharp opening of the bow (explosive, or impulsive, source).

Excited speech sound is modified in relation to its frequency composition in the acoustic filter, which is formed by active and passive articulatory organs (vocal cords, posterior wall of the pharyngeal cavity, epiglottis, palatine curtain with the uvula, tongue, lips, teeth, alveoli, palate) and the resonator system (laryngeal cavity, throat cavity, nasal cavity, oral cavity, as well as the cavity formed in the space between the lips and teeth).

The mouth cavity, which plays the most important role in modifying speech sounds, can rapidly change its volume and configuration. As a result, the individual components of the excited sound are amplified or attenuated. As a result, each sound acquires its own individual acoustic characteristics. It is distinguished from other sounds, firstly, the spectral amplitude-frequency characteristics observed in the instrumental analysis as frequency bands, amplified by resonators (formants), and, secondly, its temporal structure [I.P. Susov. Acoustic and physiological characteristics of speech. Electronic resource: http://homepages.tversu.ru/~ips/2_04.htm. Date of treatment June 30, 2020].

Often, the individual characteristics of the teacher's speech apparatus and the individual characteristics of the students' hearing apparatus do not coincide, thereby the mismatch negatively affects the possibility and quality of receiving educational content. The situation is aggravated when using technical means, while the degree of mismatch is predetermined by their characteristics.

The received signal is also directly influenced by the propagation medium. The intensity (power, sound pressure) of the acoustic wave propagating in the air decreases with distance from the signal source. This decrease is due to the expansion of the wave front and its absorption and scattering. The size and shape of the room, its decoration, the location of objects in space due to the occurrence of phenomena of absorption, scattering, reflection, interference of sound waves, have a significant impact on the parameters of the received signal. In addition, the threshold of hearing of the auditory analyzer significantly depends on the listening conditions: in silence or against the background of noise (or other disturbing sound).

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the process of interaction between the teacher and the students, consistency of the characteristics of the teacher's speech apparatus (transmitter) with the characteristics of the hearing aid of each student (receiver) was achieved by correcting the parameters of the technical means used. In this case, the parameters of the acoustic channel are not corrected, since the distance between the sound source and the acoustoelectric transducer, as well as between the electroacoustic transducer and the human hearing organs, is minimized.

There is a known method of sounding rooms (RU 2503140, H04R 5/02, G10K 15/02, A61B 8/00, 27.12.2013, Bull. No. 36), which consists in the selection of spectral components of an electrical signal corresponding to different frequency bands, converting electrical signals to sound using loudspeakers. The method also includes the use of a reflective surface, acoustically connected to the loudspeakers, setting up the system with the installation in each pair of a loudspeaker - a reflecting surface of a standing wave at a selected in accordance with external meteorological parameters and individual susceptibility to frequency, which is determined by listening test with simultaneous measurement of vital physiological parameters person. The problem solved by the invention is to increase the degree of comfort for the listener of the acoustic system by matching the standing waves in the acoustic system and the room both with the listener's internal rhythms and with the characteristic frequencies of external field agents.

The disadvantage of this method is that the individual characteristics of students are used to obtain averaged characteristics, since the number of electro-acoustic transducers is less than the number of possible listeners. In this case, it is necessary to take into account extraneous sources of sound vibrations.

The language laboratory "Dialogue-1" is known (https://iro-ufa.ru/predmetnaya-sreda/lingafonnye-kabinety/item/43-lingafonnyj-kabinet-dialog-1-ot-8-do-18-polzovtelej). Its essence lies in the fact that the teacher can unite students in pairs, groups, connect to any workplace in the analog language laboratory to control the student (listening) or adjust his work (dialogue). Students can speak the material under study with self-listening. The student has a volume control and a headset jack on the remote control.

The disadvantage of this language laboratory is that the individual psychophysiological characteristics of students are not taken into account, as well as the fact that only the volume is subject to adjustment and adjustment, but a number of other more significant parameters are not taken into account, namely: pitch (sound frequency), sound timbre, and so on. Further.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed method, taken as a prototype, is the lecture department (patent RU 2266696, A47B 19/00, 27.12.2005, bull. No. 36). The department contains an audio frequency power amplifier, a control panel, speakers, a wired microphone and a radio microphone. With the help of the switching, control and settings located on the control panel, the audio system is turned on and tuned, as a rule, according to the parameters of the teacher's hearing organs. Depending on the reading method, a radio microphone or a wired microphone is activated. To ensure the audibility of the speaker's speech throughout the room, a microphone (1, Fig. 2), a power amplifier (6, Fig. 2) and a speaker (7, Fig. 2) are used. A generalized diagram of the prototype is shown in Fig. 2.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the lack of taking into account the individual characteristics of the hearing of trainees, due to the length of the acoustic channel in the natural environment and the significant acoustic characteristics of the room.

The technical result achieved by using the proposed method is to ensure the identity of n technical channels for transmitting educational content regardless of the initial difference in the parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the trainees' hearing organs, and minimizing the length of the acoustic channel in the natural distribution environment.

The technical result is achieved by taking into account the individual psychophysiological characteristics of the sound perception of educational content by students.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method, which consists in the generation of acoustic vibrations by the teacher, the acoustoelectric conversion of the generated vibrations, the amplification of the received signal, the transmission of the amplified signal, the electroacoustic conversion of the received signals, the reception of acoustic vibrations by the hearing organs of the students, in addition that the conditional numbering of the workplaces is preliminarily produced students, assign each student an identifier, identify, authenticate and authorize students at individual workplaces, form a matrix of interrelation between workplace numbers and student identifiers, measure individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and students' hearing organs; memorize the measured parameters; sequentially, in pairs, retrieve from memory and compare the parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student, obtained during the initial testing, adjust the parameters of each n-th pre-amplifier - corrector and the final amplifier by matching the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student, amplify the acoustic oscillations with the help of “n” amplification channels transmit the amplified signal through the artificial propagation medium to “n” -individual electroacoustic transducers of students.

From the prior art, no solutions have been identified regarding methods of individual correction of the parameters of technical transmission channels of educational content perceived by the hearing organs of n-learners, characterized by the claimed set of features, therefore, which indicates the compliance of the claimed method with the "novelty" condition of patentability.

The results of the search for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototypes of the features of the claimed invention, have shown that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the prior art determined by the applicant, the knowledge of the influence of the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the “inventive step” requirement of patentability.

The "industrial applicability" of the method is due to the presence of an element base, on the basis of which devices that implement the method can be made.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

fig. 1 is a generalized scheme for transmitting and receiving a signal;

fig. 2 is a generalized diagram of the prototype;

fig. 3 is a block diagram of a method for individual correction of parameters of technical channels for transmitting educational content perceived by the hearing organs.

The actions of the method can be carried out in any classroom designed for the training process using the following technical means: acoustoelectric transducer (microphone); n preamplifiers-correctors, power amplifiers with individual control channels for parameters; database server; PC; electroacoustic transducers (telephone sets of trainees).

The claimed method can be implemented using an algorithm, the block diagram of which is shown in figure 3:

1) At the first stage of the claimed method, a conditional numbering of students' workplaces is made, each student is assigned an identifier (block 10 of Fig. 3).

An identifier is a unique attribute of the subject or object of access. A memorized code, biometric feature or real code can be used as an identifier [GOST R 51241-2008: Means and systems for access control and management. Classification. General technical requirements. Test methods.]. The student's surname, first name, patronymic, nickname, phone number, passport number, e-mail address, etc. can be used as the student's identifier.

2) Produce identification, authentication and authorization of students at individual workplaces (block 11 of Fig. 3).

Identification is a process that allows you to unambiguously identify (recognize) a subject or object, by its identifier, in a particular system.

Authentication is a procedure for verifying the identity of a subject (it can be performed using a password, pattern, USB key, fingerprint, retina, voice, etc.).

Authorization is the provision of access to a resource (E-resource: URL: http://it-uroki.ru/uroki/bezopasnost/identifikaciya-autentifikaciya-avtorizaciya.html).

3) Form a matrix of the relationship between the numbers of jobs and identifiers of students (block 12 of figure 3).

4) Generate acoustic vibrations by the teacher and produce acoustoelectric conversion of the generated vibrations (block 13 of Fig. 3). Generation of acoustic vibrations by the teacher occurs due to the "vocal apparatus" of a person, combined with a physiological apparatus designed for breathing and chewing. Characteristics such as: the basic frequency of vibrations of the vocal cords, the shape of voice impulses, their amplitude, spectral composition and the shape of the envelope of the spectrum, play an essential role in the auditory perception of speech (Toiskin V.S. Electroacoustic devices: Textbook. - Stavropol: SVIS RV, 2006.-192 s.).

An acoustoelectric transducer is a device that converts acoustic energy (that is, the energy of elastic waves in the air) into electromagnetic energy in the circuits of those devices in which the acoustoelectric transducers are located. (Sapozhkov MA Electroacoustics. Textbook for universities. - M .: "Communication", 1978.)

Acoustoelectric conversion of the generated vibrations occurs due to the technical device of the microphone.

Microphone is a device for converting acoustic vibrations of the air environment into electrical signals (Microphone // Photocinema: Encyclopedia / Ed. E. A. Iofis. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1981. - 447 p.). Depending on the method of converting acoustic vibrations into electrical ones, microphones are divided into electrodynamic, condenser, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, carbon, semiconductor. A line microphone can be used that satisfies the requirement for undistorted signal transmission.

5) Measure the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and students' hearing organs (block 14 of Fig. 3).

The main parameters of the speech apparatus include:

- tone volume (sound level) (can be measured using a sound level meter (GOST 17187-2010 (IEC 61672-1: 2002) Sound level meters. Part 1. Technical requirements);

- pitch (sound frequency) (can be measured using a frequency counter (E-resource: URL: https://1000eletric.com/pribor-dlya-izmereniya-chastoty-zvuka);

- the timbre of sound (can be measured using specialized equipment - a spectrometer (the device of which includes a special-purpose microphone and a sound amplifier) (Electronic resource: URL: https://videoforme.ru/wiki/akterskoe-masterstvo/vidy-tembrov- golosa);

- spectral amplitude-frequency characteristic.

The main parameters of the hearing organs are:

- hearing threshold (the minimum sound level that a person can perceive);

- the threshold of discomfort (the level of sound that causes discomfort in a person);

- frequency range of hearing;

- dynamic range of hearing (a set of sound levels that a person is able to perceive);

- differential hearing threshold (the minimum differences in frequency, intensity or duration of a sound perceived by human hearing are called differential hearing threshold). (The ear as a receiver of information. The second revised and enlarged edition. Authors: E. Zwicker, R. Feldkeller. Translated from German under the editorship of BG Belkin. Moscow: Publishing house "Svyaz", 1971).

To accurately determine the parameters of students' hearing organs, an audiometer can be used, which is an electroacoustic measuring device designed to study the human auditory analyzer (Great Medical Encyclopedia (BME), edited by Petrovsky B.V., 3rd edition).

Testing can be carried out in advance with saving the parameters in the ROM of the PC during several sessions, or by students by self-adjustment for the most comfortable perception of educational content.

6) Memorize the measured parameters (block 15 of figure 3). The measured parameters are stored in the database (for each lesson) with an additional note by the teacher about the activity (passivity), the student's mood.

7) Sequentially in pairs (teacher and i-student) retrieve from memory and compare the parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and hearing organs of each student, obtained during the initial testing. (block 16, fig. 3).

8) Correct the parameters of each n-th pre-amplifier - corrector and final amplifier by matching the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student (block 17 of Fig. 3) in accordance with the results obtained. At the same time, an agreement is made until the practical coincidence of the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student.

The preamplifier-equalizer is intended for amplification of a low-frequency signal, its filtering, correction, conversion, frequency shift up and down. This changes the characteristics of the sound. In addition, the preamplifier can be used to adjust the signal or mix several sounds into one. This device is used to match the parameters of the teacher's voice and the parameters of the students' hearing organs. At present, preamplifiers-correctors have the minimum size and cost, which allows you to create individual transmission paths for each student.

9) Acoustic vibrations are amplified using “n” amplification channels, according to the number of students, with power adjustment-correction (block 18 of figure 3).

10) An amplified signal is transmitted over an artificial propagation medium to n- individual electro-acoustic transducers of students (block 19 of Fig. 3).

Telephones in various designs can be used as electroacoustic transducers. An electroacoustic transducer is a device that converts the energy of electromagnetic waves into acoustic energy. (Sapozhkov MA Electroacoustics. Textbook for universities. - M .: "Communication", 1978.).

Cables are the typical and most common representatives of the artificial signal propagation environment.

11) Produce electro-acoustic conversion of the received signals (block 20 of figure 3).

12) Accept acoustic vibrations by the hearing organs of students (block 21, figure 3).

Thus, when using the proposed method, by taking into account and coordinating the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student, regardless of the initial difference in the parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the students' hearing organs, minimizing the length of the acoustic channel in the natural environment of propagation, the identity of n technical channels is ensured transmission of educational content. The technical result has been achieved.

Claims (1)

The method of individual correction of the parameters of technical channels for the transmission of educational content perceived by the hearing organs , which consists in the generation of acoustic vibrations by the teacher, acoustoelectric conversion of the generated vibrations, linear amplification of the received signal, transmission of the amplified signal, electro-acoustic conversion of the received signals, the reception of acoustic vibrations by the hearing organs of students, characterized by the fact that that pre-conditional numbering of students 'workplaces is made, each student is assigned an identifier, identification, authentication and authorization of students at individual workplaces is performed, a matrix of interrelation of workplace numbers and student identifiers is formed, individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and students' hearing organs are measured; memorize the measured parameters; sequentially, in pairs, retrieve from memory and compare the parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student, obtained during the initial testing, adjust the parameters of each n- th pre-amplifier-corrector and the final amplifier by matching the individual parameters of the teacher's speech apparatus and the hearing organs of each student, amplify the acoustic oscillations using n amplification channels, transmit the amplified signal through the artificial propagation environment to n-individual electro-acoustic transducers of students.

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