RU2752367C1 - Cooled gun barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automatic weapons.

SUBSTANCE: cooled gun barrel in the form of a pipe contains external inclined grooves made, except for the chamber area and the chase. The grooves are separated by ribs. In the breech of the barrel, annular slots are made in the ribs, which, like the grooves, expand from their bottoms to the vertices of the ribs separating them.

EFFECT: increased survivability of the cooled barrel, reduced labor intensity.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms and can be used for liquid cooling of machine gun barrels. Known barrels with effective interlayer cooling in the form of a pipe with external longitudinal grooves separated by ribs, enclosed by a casing, in addition to the chamber and the muzzle of it, with the sealing of the circulation zone of the coolant, having along the edges along the transverse window for supply and removal of coolant to and from this zone (see the book Orlov BV and others. The device and design of artillery barrels. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1976, pp. 223-228).

Their disadvantage: at high heat flux densities on the cooled surfaces of 12.7-14.5 mm barrels, a type 1 heat transfer crisis occurs, which leads to overheating of the breech of the pipe and its destruction when firing in long bursts due to the use of longitudinal grooves, not providing effective mixing of the current refrigerant through them with their insufficient cooling surface. There is also known a cooled machine-gun barrel in the form of a pipe with made, in addition to the chamber zone, the breech and muzzle of it, external longitudinal grooves separated by ribs, and in the breech of it there are annular grooves separated by their annular ribs, in each of which there are several slots angularly offset with respect to slots of adjacent ribs; this pipe is enclosed by a casing connected to it in the breech, having at the ends along a transverse window, open in the breech into an annular groove of the pipe, and in the muzzle into an annular gap between their lateral surfaces, sealed at its muzzle (see RF patent 2732264 C1, 09/14/2020).

Its disadvantages: insufficient cooling surface of the outer longitudinal grooves of the pipe; moreover, at the grooves of a rectangular shape, their side walls are "steamed" during boiling of the refrigerant, which worsens the heat removal from them by the circulating refrigerant in the breech of the pipe; complication of the manufacture of slots with their displacement in the adjacent annular ribs of the breech of the pipe; increased labor intensity of the pipe due to the milling of its longitudinal grooves.

The task of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of cooling the middle and breech parts of the pipe and its manufacturability.

The technical result from this: an increase in the survivability of the cooled barrel and a decrease in the labor intensity of its pipe.

This is achieved by the fact that in a cooled machine-gun barrel in the form of a pipe with made, in addition to the chamber zone, its breech and muzzle part with external longitudinal grooves, separated by longitudinal ribs, and in the breech part of it there are annular grooves, separated by their annular ribs, in each of which several slots are made, displaced in an angular direction relative to the slots of adjacent ribs, surrounded by a casing connected to it in the breech, having at the ends along a transverse window, open in the breech into an annular groove of the pipe, and in the muzzle into an annular gap between their lateral surfaces, sealed at the muzzle of the pipe, IT IS NEW THAT the outer grooves of the pipe are made inclined in the middle and breech parts of it, and annular slots are formed on the separating ribs in its breech part; the grooves of the pipe and the annular slots of its breech part are made expanding from their bottoms to the tops of the ribs formed by them.

By making inclined external grooves in the middle and breech parts of the pipe instead of longitudinal, their length and cooled surface increase in proportion to their angle of inclination relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, all other things being equal. Such grooves can be sharpened rather than milled which is faster. The formation of annular slots on the ribs of the breech part of the pipe, dividing its external inclined grooves, of annular slots, decreases the volume of metal removed during their formation, and, therefore, reduces the processing time of the pipe.

By making the grooves of the pipe and the annular slots of its breech, expanding from their bottoms to the tops of the ribs dividing these grooves and slots, they additionally increase the cooled surface of the pipe, exclude the "steaming" of the side walls of these grooves and slots during the boiling of the circulating refrigerant, and increase the cooling efficiency and durability of the barrel. The tool used to form such grooves and slots, for example, radius cutters and cutters, is stronger and more durable than the tool for forming rectangular grooves and slots of the pipe - the prototype.

The proposed solution from the known solutions is new, significantly different from them, industrially suitable and meets the criteria of the INVENTION. It is shown in FIG. 1 with a longitudinal section of a machine-gun barrel, on which, in the upper part, its pipe with a longitudinal straight rib between adjacent grooves is shown instead of an oblique and annular trapezoidal slots in it in its breech, and in the lower part of this figure, part of the external oblique trapezoidal grooves from 8- mi formed with straight lines instead of helical lines in the middle and breech parts of the pipe with these slots in the ribs of only its last part. Such a barrel contains a pipe 1, from the breech cut of which a chamber 2 is made; external trapezoidal and other forms of annular slots 3, made in the external ribs 4 of the breech part of the pipe 1, begin from its bullet entrance; at the beginning of the middle part of the pipe, its inclined trapezoidal and other shapes of the grooves 5, shown with straight ribs 4, are open into the annular gap 6 between the side surfaces of the muzzle of the pipe 1 without them and the casing 7, covering the pipe 1 with a minimum clearance selected when firing from heating it ; by its thread, it is connected to the breech of the pipe through the gasket 8 and by welding in one place, which is eliminated when disassembling such a barrel; the casing 7 with its extreme muzzle is located at its muzzle, where the coolant circulation zone is sealed, for example, with a heat-resistant sealing element 9; a transverse window 10 in the muzzle of the casing 7, open into the annular gap 6, and the same window 11 in the breech opening into the annular slot 3 and groove 5 of the pipe are made for the coolant.

Such a design of the outer surface of the pipe is determined by the pressure curve of the powder gases acting on it from the inside when fired: their pressure is maximum in the breech of it at a length of no more than 10-15 calibers of the barrel bore from the beginning of its guide part and then sharply decreases towards the muzzle to a minimum; therefore, the pipe in the muzzle is not reinforced with a casing, as in the rest of it, and there it decreases to the size of the depth of the inclined grooves 5 with the formation of an annular gap 6 between the side surfaces of the pipe 1 and the casing 7. The heat input into the pipe from the shot is approximately linear: maximum at the beginning of the guide part and at least at its muzzle. The barrel is cooled as follows: the coolant is supplied through the transverse window 10 of the casing 7 into the annular gap 6 of its muzzle, along which it rushes to the inclined grooves 5 of the middle part of the pipe 1, moving with twisting in them to the breech with annular slots 3 in the ribs 4 forming there, the pipe 1 has 4-sided ribs - pyramids 4 'with a radius top (in the transverse plane of the pipe), washed from 4 sides by the refrigerant, which removes the vapor bubbles of the refrigerant boiling on them from their inclined sides to the outlet window 11 outside of it trunk.

Such a design of inclined grooves and annular slots in the fins of the pipe significantly increases the cooled surface of its breech part, which reduces the density of the heat flow supplied from the guide part of the pipe through its walls to such fins and eliminates a type 1 heat exchange crisis when the coolant boils there or it is cooled without boiling it, which depends on the coolant consumption per shot. With this design of the pipe breech, the heating level of its guiding part is less than that of the prototype, and it is minimal when using claim 2 of the formula, which provides the maximum cooled surface in the pipe breech due to the inclination of the side walls of the inclined grooves and slots in the ribs separating the grooves. , with intensive mixing of the refrigerant both in them, and with even greater mixing in this zone between the 4-sided ribs - truncated pyramids - of the breech of the pipe. These solutions ensure firing bursts of unlimited length with the minimum temperature of the pipe guide part set to the next shot or more up to 30 ° C, depending on the flow rate of the refrigerant to remove heat from the pipe, which, respectively, creates flow cooling without boiling it at a significant flow rate or boiling it in its breech and with an order of magnitude less consumption when firing, which is needed for aircraft machine guns. Thus, transverse slots with inclined side walls in the ribs with the same walls in the breech and middle part of it, dividing its inclined grooves, increase the cooled surface of the breech, increase its cooling efficiency and survivability of its guide part with an unlimited length of the burst fired from the weapon.

Claims (2)

1. Cooled machine-gun barrel in the form of a pipe with made, in addition to the chamber area, breech and muzzle of it, external longitudinal grooves, separated by longitudinal ribs, and in the breech of it there are annular grooves separated by their annular ribs, each of which is made several slots, displaced in an angular direction relative to the slots of adjacent ribs, covered by a casing connected to it in the breech, having at the ends along a transverse window, open in the breech into an annular groove of the pipe, and in the muzzle into an annular gap between their side surfaces, sealed at the muzzle of the pipe, characterized in that the outer grooves of the pipe are made inclined in the middle and breech parts of it, and annular slots are formed on the ribs separating them in the breech. 2. The cooled machine-gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of the pipe and the annular slots of its breech end are made expanding from their bottoms to the tops of the ribs formed by them.

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