RU2752224C1 - Method for configuration of aiming equipment of barrelled weapons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for configuration of the aiming equipment of barreled small weapons. The method consists in aiming a laser light point at an aiming point of a target, firing a shot from the weapon and combining the mark of the sight or an associated rear sight-foresight complex of the open sight with the bullet hole on the target.EFFECT: creation of a method for simple configuration of sights of barreled weapons with high accuracy without using heavy equipment and tardy preparation in configuration.6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for adjusting the sighting devices of barreled small arms.

A well-known method of cold sighting of weapons with adjustment of the sight without the use of ammunition and special devices and with the use of special devices. The method without the use of special devices generally consists in viewing the target through the barrel of the weapon with the subsequent installation of the telescopic sight reticle or the collimator sighting mark or the associated rear sight-front sight complex of the open sight to the target area visible through the barrel. The disadvantage of this method is that it is applicable only for weapons with bolt closures or other types where it is possible (by removing or opening the bolt) to see the lumen of the bore. For many types of small arms, this method is not applicable. If it is impossible to view the target through the barrel at very short sighting distances, an open sight can be used to adjust optical sights or collimator sights, but the open sight itself is set up only in a hot way and using a significant amount of ammunition, and in addition, there are rifle models without open sights. The method of cold adjustment (sighting) using special devices consists in installing a laser device (laser module in a power case with adjusting devices) in the chamber of the weapon in the form of a so-called laser cartridge ("boresighter") or installation in a muzzle a cut of the weapon of the laser device (universal "bor-side") and the subsequent installation of the telescopic sight reticle, or the collimator aiming mark, or the associated rear sight-front sight complex of the open sight to the laser light mark on the target. Laser devices for cold zeroing are generally not suitable for adjusting the sights of small-caliber pneumatic weapons, since they do not take into account the effect on the external ballistics of weapons of the quality of manufacture of a muzzle bevel for weapons whose bullets have a small margin of stability. "Bor-siters" also require their own alignment, which can be violated when falling or hitting the "bor-site", in addition, "bor-siters" require strict self-alignment of the laser beam relative to the barrel axis, which, with inevitable tolerances of free insertion during landing "bor-side" in the chamber or barrel of the weapon is completely impracticable. It is impossible to use a universal "bor-sitter" with a muzzle mounted on the weapon (compensator, muzzle brake, sound suppressor, since the outlet of these devices is almost always not strictly coaxially aligned with the barrel axis. (choke in high-precision rifles) due to misalignment (discrepancy) of alignment due to an increase in the diameter of the barrel at the end of the "bor-sighter." budgetary optical or collimator sights.The general and unavoidable disadvantage of these methods of cold sighting is the low accuracy of the sights setting, since they do not allow taking into account the specifics of the external ballistics of the projectile (bullet) flight and the conditions of real shooting. for the subsequent hot priest reels (see. below).

A well-known method of hot shooting with the use of ammunition and special devices. The method of hot shooting in general consists in rigidly securing the weapon on the bipod, parapet, sandbags, a shooting machine (that is, in special devices for zeroing), firing a shot at a target and then combining the aiming reticle of an optical sight or a collimator sighting mark with a bullet hole on the target. sight or associated complex rear sight-front sight of an open sight. The accuracy in setting up the sights by the hot-zeroing method is much higher, since in this case the setting takes into account the real, and not the straight-line trajectory of the projectile flight, which corresponds to a specific cartridge and specific ballistic conditions. The main disadvantage of the hot sighting method is the need for rigid fixation of the weapon when adjusting the sight, that is, the presence of a sighting machine, a sighting table, parapet, bipods, sandbags. These devices for adjusting the sights are absolutely inapplicable in field-combat or hunting conditions of failure of their adjustment (for example, when a weapon falls, shocks from ammunition explosions, impacts with the ground, etc.) due to their cumbersomeness and dimensions and baggy (duration and inconvenience ) preparation for setup.

The prototype of the claimed device from the prior art and as a result of a patent search was not found.

The technical problem of the claimed invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.

The technical result consists in simplifying and increasing the accuracy of adjusting the sights of a barrel weapon without the use of expensive and bulky devices and baggy preparation for adjustment.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that according to the proposed method of adjusting the sighting devices of a barrel weapon , a target with an aiming point applied to it is installed at the distance necessary for setting from the weapon, a semiconductor laser is rigidly fixed on a part of the weapon, a light laser point is directed at the target's aiming point and a shot is fired from the weapon, after which, while holding the light laser point on the aiming point of the target, the aiming reticle of the optical sight or the aiming mark of the collimator sight or the associated rear sight-front sight complex of the open sight are combined with the bullet hole on the target.

An additional feature is that part of the weapon is a muzzle, a muzzle device, a weapon barrel, a gas outlet, a receiver, a block, a sight attachment bracket, or a pistol or revolver frame.

An additional feature is that the semiconductor laser is a laser module without a power case.

An additional feature is that the semiconductor laser is attached to a part of the weapon by gluing, tying, screwing, pulling, on a bracket, on a clamp.

An additional feature is that the semiconductor laser is installed at one of the points of the vibration node of the weapon barrel.

An additional feature is that the target has a predominantly contrasting color with respect to the bullet hole.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1. Image of the field of view of an optical sight with a reticle with an aiming mark, a bullet hole and an aiming point of a target with a light laser point on it.

FIG. 2. Image of the field of view of a telescopic sight with a reticle with an aiming mark, a bullet hole and an indication (indicated by arrows) of moving the aiming mark to the bullet hole.

FIG. 3. Laser device mounted on the muzzle of the rifle (two types).

Implementation of the invention

Fig. 1. For an example of adjustment, the algorithm for adjusting only an optical sight is described, however, the adjustment of a collimator or open sight is carried out according to an analogy that is clearly following for a specialist. Field of view 1 of the sight, aiming point 2 (mark) on the target in the form of a cross, light laser point 3 from the laser device attached to the weapon part, center 4 of the aiming reticle (aiming mark), bullet hole 5. Before adjusting the sight, a laser device is attached to the weapon which can be used as a laser module, laser pointer, "bor-sideter" inserted into the chamber of the weapon, or a universal "bor-side" inserted into the barrel of the weapon. The laser device is attached to a part of the weapon that does not move relative to the weapon (for example, a handle for reloading an automatic weapon when fired, such as: a muzzle, a muzzle device (weight, compensator, silencer, muzzle brake) barrel, receiver, rifle block, sight bracket, forend. Fastening is carried out by winding it in the weapon with adhesive tape, cord, gluing, attaching with an adapter, bracket or clamp (for example, universal [2]) and other fastening methods. The fastening must be so reliable that the laser device does not move from the recoil of the weapon, at least from one shot made to adjust the sight. The light laser beam of the laser device, when attached to the weapon, should be directed as accurately as possible along the axis of the barrel, that is, when fastening, it is necessary to fix the laser device so that its light beam falls into the area of the adjustment (sighting) fixed at a distance from the weapon to the target visible through an open sight or visually along the barrel of the weapon. This is achieved by directing the weapon with the laser device turned on to the target and adjusting the laser device until it is fixed only slightly so that its beam is in the field of view of 1 sight, and then securely fixing it in this position. However, according to the proposed method, special accuracy of the installation of the laser device strictly coaxial with the barrel is not required, only the condition of visibility of the laser light point 3 (light spot) in the field of view of 1 of the sight on the available target area when viewed through the adjustable sight must be observed. The light laser point 3 held during the shot and when adjusting the sight in the proposed method on the aiming point 2 of the target actually serves as a "reference coordinate" for uniform holding of the weapon both during the shot and during the subsequent adjustment of the sight.

The sight can be adjusted from any rest of the weapon (on any object) and even for light rifles in the "suspended" position while standing. To do this (regardless of the center 4 of the sight reticle and, accordingly, its position on the target) aim the laser light point 3 at the sighting point 2 marked and clearly visible on the target (for example, in the form of a contrasting round mark or cross as in Fig. 1) and produce a shot at the target with the main type of ammunition selected for shooting, intended for further use.

FIG. 2. Shifting the aiming mark 4 to the bullet hole 5 while keeping the laser light point 3 on the aiming point 2 on the target. After the shot is fired at the target, the laser light point 3 is held on the aiming point 2 on the target and the drums (handwheels) for entering the vertical and horizontal corrections of the optical sight or similar adjusting screws of the collimator sight bring the center 4 of the optical sight reticle or the aiming mark of the collimator sight or necessary according to known the rules for the location of the aiming bar and rear sight of the open sight for the bullet hole that appeared on the target after the shot 5. At this, the preliminary adjustment of the sight can be completed, just as the preliminary adjustment of the sight can be completed during hot zeroing from the machine. If there is a possibility of further corrective shooting, a control shot (or several shots) is made from a weapon with an adjusted sight at the selected target and, if necessary, a clarifying adjustment of the setting is made, for example, according to the STP or with a telescope.

In the proposed method, the aiming reticle or the aiming mark or the associated rear sight-front sight complex of the open sight is combined not with a point on the target as a straight-line mark of the extension of the bore axis, but with a bullet hole from a specific ammunition (or a specific bullet brand, specific weight) Thus, in the proposed method, as in the method of standard hot shooting from a sighting machine, the fall of the projectile on the trajectory, derivation, the effect of barrel vibration, the effect of the muzzle chamfer and other perturbations, including the features of the grip and pressing forces against the weapon to the shoulder (for long-barreled weapons) and other. Thus, to configure the sights according to the proposed method, you do not need bulky and dimensional and long-term preparation for use (baggy) special devices. To customize weapons knocked down from impacts, etc. sights or replacing the sight in the field or field conditions, it is enough to have a laser device in the minimum dimensions (the weight of the laser module and the weight of the laser power battery together make up only a few grams, a maximum of ten grams, and the kit for survival in field conditions always has a cord, thread, fishing line or adhesive tape). The weight of the laser device used to implement the proposed method should be as small as possible so that its effect when attached, for example, to the barrel of a weapon, changes the frequency resonance characteristics of the barrel as little as possible. Ideal for attaching a laser module to the barrel without any power housing. In this case, the laser module (laser diode module) is simply attached to the barrel with adhesive tape, thread or fishing line, and the laser power wire runs along the barrel to a power source located on the forearm or receiver of the weapon. To exclude the influence of the weight of the laser device on the change in the frequency-resonance characteristics of the barrel, for ideally accurate adjustment of the sights, it is necessary to attach to the points of the vibration nodes of the barrel, which can be determined even in the field by dusting the barrel with dust.

The proposed method of adjusting the sights surpasses any cold sighting methods in tuning accuracy, coinciding in tuning accuracy with hot sighting at least at minimum and medium sighting distances, and in the presence of laser devices with high brightness and low beam divergence and at long sighting distances. In fact, the preliminary adjustment of the sight can actually be done with just one shot, and only if necessary, a fine adjustment of the adjustment can be made with several more shots. The accuracy of adjusting the sight from one shot depends primarily on the degree of narrow focus of the laser light beam and its visibility (brightness). However, even with a significant divergence of the laser light point on the aiming point on the target, it is possible with a sufficient degree of accuracy to align the center of the laser light spot with the aiming point on the target. When using low-power red lasers, it is advisable to adjust the sights in shaded areas and at distances not exceeding tens of meters. When using more powerful green and blue lasers, the adjustment can be carried out in normal daylight and at sighting distances of hundreds of meters. The cost of powerful green laser pointers in power cases (powerful green laser) is only 5-10 US $ [3; 4]. The cost of laser modules without enclosures from manufacturers of the People's Republic of China is even less. Thus, it is possible to adjust the sight without using an expensive "bor-siter" in a power case with adjusting devices.

The accuracy of adjustment according to the proposed method is much higher than the accuracy of adjustment during cold sighting, including with the help of "bor-sighters", and is close to the accuracy of hot sighting from a sighting machine, since, as with hot sighting from a machine tool, the sighting trajectory corresponds to a specific ammunition (cartridge or bullets for pneumatic weapons) and specific ballistic conditions. Open and collimator sights can be adjusted according to the proposed method at a distance of visibility of a bullet hole with an eye against the background of a target and used, respectively, for weapons of medium and large calibers at relatively short distances for zeroing or for pneumatic weapons at ranges of recreational shooting.

An example of implementation - FIG. 3 - the appearance of the barrel 6 of the Weihrauch HW 97K rifle (for Field-Target without an open sight) with a laser device 7 in the form of a universal "bor-sighter" pulled to the muzzle device 8 with an adhesive tape 9 before adjusting the optical sight according to the proposed method.

List of links

1.https://opticdevices.ru/product_660.html

2.https: //www.dmazay.ru/index.php?productID=8941

3. https://aliexpress.ru/item/4000013167642.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.2d3875b5YBr7Jc&s=p&ad_pvid=202004250154517709802693163610001868800_2&algo_pvid=14bdbd5a-233d-4737-9991-72d29c50c0c5&algo_expid=14bdbd5a-233d-4737-9991-72d29c50c0c5- 1 & btsid = 0b8b15ea15878048918665922e17f0 & ws_ab_test = searchweb0_0, searchweb201602_, searchweb201603_

4. https://aliexpress.ru/item/32431894379.html?af=229572&utm_campaign=229572&aff_platform=aaf&utm_medium=cpa&afref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2F&dp=c95b4dfaf9b80d867e7dbea2ae7dab52&cv=47843&mall_affr=pr3&sk=VnYZvQVf&aff_trace_key=d64cdd29ef98417ab3750e6036dcc4a0- 1587806306075-08714-VnYZvQVf & terminal_id = 63a8858faea3426b9cd0804af8965cd4 & utm_source = admitad & utm_content = 47843 & aff_request_id = d64cdd29ef98417ab3750e6036dcc430-1575

Claims (6)

1. A method of adjusting the sighting devices of a barrel weapon, characterized by the fact that a target with an aiming point applied to it is installed at a distance necessary for setting from a weapon, a semiconductor laser is rigidly fixed on a part of the weapon, a light laser point is directed at the target's aiming point and a shot is fired from the weapon, then, while holding the light laser point on the aiming point of the target, the aiming reticle of the optical sight, or the aiming mark of the collimator sight, or the associated rear sight-front sight complex of the open sight is combined with the bullet hole on the target. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the weapon is a muzzle, a muzzle device, a weapon barrel, a gas outlet, a receiver, a block, a sight attachment bracket or a pistol or revolver frame. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the semiconductor laser is a laser module without a power case. 4. The method according to claim. 1, characterized in that the semiconductor laser is attached to a part of the weapon by gluing, tying, screwing, pulling on a bracket, on a clamp. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the semiconductor laser is installed at one of the points of the weapon barrel oscillation unit. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the target has a predominantly contrasting color with respect to the bullet hole.

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