RU2751098C1 - Commutator-less dc electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to DC electric machines, it can be used for both generating electrical energy and converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. A commutator-less DC electric machine contains a rotating armature and a fixed stator. The armature is made in the form of a closed balanced toroidal ring, around which the stator solenoid coils are placed around the perimeter of the ring, held on a fixed base. The armature is connected to the rotation shaft by a planetary gear. The crown gear of the said planetary gear is mounted along the armature ring. The satellites transmitting rotation from the planetary to the solar gear are made with the possibility of movement between the stator solenoid coils. The axes of rotation of the armature and the rotation shaft coincide.

EFFECT: technical result of the invention is an increase in the reliability and service life of the device.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to electric DC machines and can be used both for generating electrical energy and converting electrical energy into mechanical [H02K 1/00, H02K 25/00, H02K 99/00].

From the prior art, a COLLECTORless DC ELECTRIC MOTOR is known [RU 25371 U1, publ .: 27.09.2002], characterized in that slip rings are installed on the armature shaft, to which the ends of the armature winding are attached.

Also known is a COLLECTOR DC ELECTRIC MOTOR [RU 200412072 A, publ .: 10.02.2006], which differs from a unipolar machine by the presence of a multi-turn winding on the armature core.

The disadvantages of analogs are their low reliability due to the presence of fixed graphite or copper-graphite brushes, which have a limited resource and high dynamic and electrical loads on the said brushes.

The closest in technical essence is a BRUSHLESS MOTOR - DC GENERATOR [RU 2545525 C1, publ .: 04/10/2015], containing a rotating armature around a stationary stator, characterized in that a group of permanent toroidal magnets symmetrically distributed on the circumference is used as a rotating armature, whose magnetic poles are located on their flat end surfaces and form an intermittent unidirectional magnetic flux along this circle, and a winding made on an annular frame of circular cross-section, the axis of symmetry of which coincides with the axis of symmetry of the rotating armature, is used as a stationary stator.

The main technical problem of the prototype is low reliability associated with the ill-conceived design solution in terms of holding the stator inside the magnets of the rotating armature, since the armature magnets are made toroidal from two halves glued together and to implement the rotation of the armature, it is necessary to somehow hold the stator. In addition, the significant weight of magnets for high power motor generators raises the problem of accurate balancing of the rotating armature. These design flaws directly affect the reliability of the device, or rather, their presence reduces the reliability and service life of the motor generator.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the reliability and service life of the device.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a brushless DC electric machine, a rotating armature and a fixed stator, characterized in that the armature is made in the form of a closed balanced toroidal ring, around which the stator solenoid coils are placed around the perimeter of the ring, held on a fixed base, the armature is connected with a rotation shaft of a planetary gear, while the ring gear of the said planetary gear is mounted along the armature ring, and the satellites transmitting rotation from the planetary to the solar gear are made with the possibility of movement between the solenoid coils of the stator, while the axes of rotation of the armature and the rotation shaft coincide.

In particular, the armature is made of a soft magnetic material.

In particular, the planetary gear is made in the form of a two-stage gear train with fixed axles of the wheels.

Brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a DC brushless machine.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional front view of a DC brushless machine.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the rotor.

The figures indicate: 1 - anchor, 2 - rotation shaft, 3 - armature rings, 4 - base, 5 - solenoid coils, 6 - ring gear, 7 - sun gear, 8 - satellites, 9 - carrier.

Implementation of the invention.

The brushless DC electric machine contains a rotating armature 1 (see Fig. 1), connected to the rotation shaft 2 by a planetary gear. The armature 1 is made of a balanced pair of rings 3 (see Fig. 2) from a soft magnetic material.

Soft magnetic materials are magnetic materials with a low coercive force and, as a consequence, a narrow limiting hysteresis loop, which are easily magnetized and demagnetized under the influence of a magnetic field. In other words, under the action of a magnetic field, a soft magnetic material localizes in itself magnetic energy within the limits of the magnetic field space.

Solenoid coils 5 are mounted around the armature 1 on a fixed base 4 (see Fig. 3), while the bodies of the solenoid coils 5 are mounted around the armature 1 with a gap that ensures the rotation of the armature 1 inside the mentioned bodies of the solenoid coils 5.

The planetary gear contains a ring gear 6 mounted between or along the rings of the armature 3, a sun gear 7 mounted on the rotation shaft 2 and satellites 8 connecting ring 6 and sun 7 gears, while the satellites 8 are mounted with the possibility of rotation along the ring gear 6 between the solenoids coils 5. The satellites 8 are movably mounted on the carrier 9. The base of the carrier 9 coincides with the axis of the rotation shaft 2 and is movably connected to the sun gear 7. The rotation shaft 2 is movably mounted in the hole of the base 4. With this scheme, the planetary gear is a two-stage gear train with fixed axles wheels.

A brushless electric machine can operate in both motor mode and generator mode.

In the motor mode, the windings of the solenoid coils 5 are connected to a constant voltage source (not shown in the figures). Under the action of the direct current flowing in the windings of the solenoid coils 5, magnetic fields arise around them, the magnetic induction vectors of which are directed tangentially to the armature 1. Under the action of magnetic fields, the sections of the rings of the armature 3 are magnetized and the armature 1 starts to move inside the said coils 5. The movement of the armature 1 through the ring gear 6 is transmitted through the satellites 8 rotating between the solenoid coils 5 to the sun gear 7 mounted on the rotation shaft 2.

In the generator mode, a consumer of electrical energy is connected to the solenoid coils 5. The shaft of rotation 2 is brought into rotation, the rotational movement from which through the sun gear 7 and the satellites 8 is transmitted to the ring gear 6 and, accordingly, the armature 1. Having residual magnetization, the soft magnetic material of the armature 1, passing inside the solenoid coils 5, excites the induction EMF in the turns of the said coils under the influence of which closed on the circuit solenoid coils 5 consumers flow induction current.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and service life of the device due to the implementation of the armature 1 rotating inside the stationary solenoid coils 5 in the form of a balanced ring of soft magnetic material, the transmission of rotation from which is carried out by a two-stage planetary gear with fixed axles of the wheels, the symmetrical arrangement of the satellites 8 of which is mutually are balanced and provide a constant clearance between the armature 1 and the said coils 5. In addition, low loads in the transmission simplify the design and reduce losses in it. The chosen design solution allows to simplify the design of the brushless electric machine and to ensure the trouble-free operation of its components for a long time.

In 2019, according to the description, a brushless electric machine of a constant volume was manufactured, which showed high output power with small mass and dimensions due to obtaining large gear ratios with a small number of gear wheels, ease of use due to the possibility of taking power from both ends of the rotation shaft 2, and See also the simplicity of the PWM controller layout. In addition, the electric machine has such advantages as economy and explosion safety, as well as a large starting torque.

Claims (3)

1. Brushless DC electric machine containing a rotating armature and a fixed stator, characterized in that the armature is made in the form of a closed balanced toroidal ring, around which the stator solenoid coils are located around the ring perimeter, held on a fixed base, the armature is connected to the rotation shaft by a planetary gear, the ring gear of the said planetary gear is mounted along the armature ring, and the satellites transmitting rotation from the planetary to the solar gear are made with the possibility of movement between the solenoid coils of the stator, while the axes of rotation of the armature and the rotation shaft coincide. 2. An electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature is made of a soft magnetic material. 3. The electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the planetary gear is made in the form of a two-stage gear train with fixed axles of the wheels.

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