RU2750820C1 - Manual rotor spade - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to manual gardening equipment, and can be used for digging land in flower, fruit, and vegetable gardens. The spade comprises a blade with two arms rigidly fixed on its lateral sides. The opposite ends of the arms are rigidly fixed on the rotation axis. The spade also comprises a U-shaped lever movably fixed on the rotation axis, the ends whereof are equipped with pawls engaging with two ratchet wheels rigidly fixed on the rotation axis. The lower part of each side of the U-shaped stand from the end thereof to the point of installation of the rotation axis is made with a pointed end and has a length exceeding the length of the arm by a half. The upper part of the blade is made with a side with a height of 1/3 of the length of the arm. The edges of the arms in the direction of rotation of the rotor spade mechanism are made pointed.EFFECT: use of the invention allows improving efficiency of manual tillage.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to manual gardening tools and can be used when digging up land in garden and vegetable garden plots.

The main problems with manual digging of soil using hand tools are low labor productivity and the need to apply significant muscular efforts. Their solution requires the use of manual means of mechanization.

When reviewing the technical literature, a number of technical solutions related to the specified problems were identified.

Known universal device for soil cultivation, containing a frame, a soil-cultivating tool made in the form of a drum with teeth inserted into it from the inside, which are supported by an inner drum (patent for invention RU 2557216, class А01В 1/06, publ. 20.07.2015, bulletin No. 20).

The main disadvantages of this device are:

- limited scope of its application, which excludes the possibility of performing tillage to the depth required when digging up the earth;

- uneven soil cultivation in areas with a non-uniform density of the upper layer of the earth.

Known tillage complex with a manual drive, containing a frame with a bar and handles, a support wheel with a mounting fork and a replaceable tillage tool, a stop for the upper part of a person's legs, mounted on a frame with a bar at the point of attachment of the handles, the support wheel has a diameter greater than or equal to the distance from points of application of human force to the surface of the earth, and the radius of the wheel is less than this shoulder, the cutting replaceable tool is connected by rods adjustable depending on the height of the person with the axle of the wheel and a rod, at the ends of the rods at the point of attachment of the removable tools a flange with radial holes and holes in diameter flange for adjusting the position of the tool vertically and in a radial position (patent for invention RU 2171556, class А01В 1/06, publ. 10.08.2001, bull. No. 22).

The main disadvantages of this complex are:

- the need to apply significant muscular efforts to bring it into action, which limits the possibility of its use by people with disabilities;

- the complexity of operation, caused by the need to move a person, used as a traction force, over a plowed area of land.

The closest to the claimed invention is a manual garden hiller containing a ploughshare with a trimming knife in its front part, a stand with a bracket attached to the ploughshare, a pulling handle pivotally mounted on the bracket and a rigidly fixed hiller deepening handle, the ploughshare dumps are made in the form of two augers with opposite blades in the direction of winding, and the back of the ploughshare is made radial with screws installed in it, the axes of which are located in a horizontal plane, the hiller is equipped with a travel wheel mounted on an axis fixed to the rack, and a drive wheel located between the screws and fixed on the auger shaft, while running and driving wheels are engaged (patent for invention RU 2245006, class А01В 1/06, publ. 27.01.2005, bul. No. 3).

The main disadvantages of this hiller are:

- when using it, at least two people as traction force, which is caused by the need to apply significant muscular efforts to bring it into action;

- the complexity of operation, caused by the need to move a person, used as a pulling force in the rear part of the hiller, over the plowed area of land.

The problem to be solved in the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages by developing a design for a manual rotor-bayonet shovel, which provides the ability to dig up the earth without the need for the operator to move around the excavated area.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the efficiency of manual earth digging.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved as a result of the fact that, according to the invention, a manual rotor-bayonet shovel contains a U-shaped stand with the ends of the pivot axis movably mounted on its lateral sides and a rotor-bayonet mechanism including a bayonet with two rigidly fixed to its lateral sides with bipods, the opposite ends of which are rigidly fixed on the pivot axis, and a U-shaped lever movably fixed on the rotary axis, the ends of which are equipped with pawls engaging with two ratchets rigidly fixed on the rotary axis, the lower part of each side is U-shaped the rack from its end to the installation site of the pivot axis is made with a pointed end and has a length of about 1/2 longer than the length of the bipod, the upper part of the bayonet is made with a side, the height of which is about 1/3 of the length of the bipod, the edges of the bipod in the direction of rotation the bayonet mechanism is made pointed.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1-4.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a hand rotor-bayonet shovel in the initial phase of deepening its bayonet into the ground, side view.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a hand rotor-bayonet shovel in the middle phase of deepening its bayonet into the ground, side view.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a hand-held rotor-bayonet shovel in the phase of its bayonet coming out of the ground, side view.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a hand rotor-bayonet shovel, front view.

FIG. 1-4, the following designations are used:

1 - bayonet;

2 - board;

3 - bipod;

4 - U-shaped rack;

5 - rotary axis;

6 - U-shaped lever;

7 - ratchet;

8 - limiter;

9 - dog.

Manual rotor-bayonet shovel works as follows.

When installing the rotor-bayonet mechanism on the lateral sides of the bayonet 1, two bipods 3 are rigidly fixed, in which the edges in the direction of rotation of the rotor-bayonet mechanism are made pointed. In this case, the upper part of the bayonet 1 is made with a side 2, the height of which is approximately 1/3 of the length of the bipod 3. The opposite ends of the bipod 3 are rigidly fixed on the pivot axis 5 at an equal distance from each of its ends. From the outer sides of the bipod 3 on the pivot axis 5, a U-shaped lever 6 is movably fixed, from the outer sides of which one ratchet 7 is rigidly fixed on the rotary axis 5 7. At each of the ends of the U-shaped lever 6 above the ratchet 7 in the same vertical plane with it the pawl 9 is movably fixed, which, when the U-shaped lever 6 is turned, engages with the teeth of the ratchet 7.

At the ends of the pivot axis 5, a U-shaped rack 4 is movably installed, on each side of which the lower part from its end to the installation site of the pivot axis 5 is performed with a pointed end and a length approximately 1/2 longer than the length of the bipod 3. On each side U-shaped rack 4 at a distance from the pivot axis 5, approximately equal to 1/2 of the height of the U-shaped lever 6, the limiter 8 is fixedly fixed, the length of which is taken based on the maximum angle of divergence between the U-shaped lever 6 and the U-shaped rack 4, approximately equal to 30 degrees.

In the initial phase of deepening the pointed end of the U-shaped post 4 into the ground, the U-shaped lever 6 is moved to the maximum length of the limiter 8. The U-shaped post 4 and bayonet 1 are pressed into the ground until the bead 2 of the bayonet 1 contacts the ground. Leaning on the upper part of the U-shaped rack 4, the U-shaped lever 6 is pulled to it, which, due to the engagement of the dogs 9 with the ratchets 7, rotates the pivot axis 5, which, in turn, acting on the bipod 3, moves the bayonet 1 in the ground. The U-shaped lever 6 is moved to its original position, that is, to the maximum length of the limiter 8, and the cycle of moving the bayonet 1 is repeated until it is completely out of the ground and dropped into the hole formed by the ground held by the board 2. Move the U-shaped rack 4 to the next section and repeat the indicated digging cycles.

Thus, as a result of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, it is possible to dig up the earth without the need for the operator to move around the excavated area and to increase the efficiency of manual digging of the earth.

Claims (1)

A manual rotor-bayonet shovel, characterized by the fact that it has a U-shaped stand with the ends of the pivot axis movably mounted on its lateral sides and a rotor-bayonet mechanism, including a bayonet with two bipods rigidly fixed on its sides, the opposite ends of which are rigidly fixed on pivot axis, and a U-shaped lever movably fixed on the rotary axis, the ends of which are equipped with pawls engaging with two ratchets rigidly fixed on the rotary axis, and the lower part of each side of the U-shaped rack from its end to the installation site of the rotary axis is made with a pointed end and has a length 1/2 exceeding the length of the bipod, the upper part of the bayonet is made with a side, the height of which is 1/3 of the length of the bipod, and the edges of the bipod in the direction of rotation of the rotor-bayonet mechanism are made pointed.

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