RU2749932C1 - Solar power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to solar power plants with a system of beam concentrators, it can be used in systems of integrated energy supply of residential and other objects from renewable energy sources. The solar power plant consists of a primary energy converter in the form of a heat-mechanical converter containing heating and cooling zones with hot and cold heat carriers supply channels and a heat-sensitive element (hereinafter – HSE) located in them in the form of a thin-walled pipe that contacts the stop device during its working bend and which is a drive shaft at the same time. At the same time, the HSE is equipped with a parabolic-cylindrical concentrator of solar rays, and the power plant includes an energy-intensive heat accumulator with an energy recovery system for its use in the absence or attenuation of solar radiation. The presence of a heat accumulator with an energy intensity calculated for the weather conditions of the specified area ensures uninterrupted round-the-clock operation of the power plant in a given mode of electricity and heat supply of consumers. At the same time, the complete automation of the recovery system and the transition of the plant operation from solar energy to the thermal resource of the heat accumulator and back frees consumers from any operational management.EFFECT: simple design of the solar power plant, the stability of its operation, and the high efficiency in the use of solar energy due to heat recovery create the prospect of its large-scale use.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular, to solar installations with a system of beam concentrators, and can be used in integrated power supply systems for residential premises and other facilities from renewable energy sources.

Solar power plants are one of the main types of structures in alternative energy. And their park is multiplying at an increasing pace. Their main advantages are well known. However, it should be briefly said about the shortcomings.

Plants with photovoltaic converters have very low efficiency. Thermal converters of solar energy into electricity with steam engines, due to their complexity, require large capital investments and operating costs, which increases their payback period. But the main drawback of all solar power plants is the inconstancy of their work, which depends not only on the time of day, but also on weather conditions.

In principle, a mode of continuous operation is possible due to the accumulation of thermal energy, but in practice, the conversion of a low-temperature resource into electricity using steam power units with an aqueous working medium is not realistic, but with another thermal agent having a low vaporization temperature, the whole structure becomes more complicated, and if it malfunctions, it is possible even environmental pollution.

There are also problems with the heat accumulators themselves. For example, their designs, presented in the Handbook "Heat networks", M., Stroyizdat, 1982, p. 175-178. and USSR author's certificate N 985632, class. F24J 2/16, 1982., as well as in later patents RU No. 2027121 and 2275560, do not have reliable thermal insulation and therefore are imperfect.

Returning to the question of how to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy (in the drive of an electric generator), it should be noted that, with the exception of the Sterling engine with its limited power, there is no other alternative to steam engines yet. So it was not possible to find an analogue of the claimed invention.

The main task in the development of the claimed power plant was to create a variant of a solar thermal power plant operating around the clock using energy recovery with its discharge into an energy-intensive heat accumulator and the possibility of using it in the absence of sufficiently intense solar radiation.

This problem was solved by the creation of a solar power plant, in which, according to the invention, the primary energy converter is a thermomechanical converter containing heating and cooling zones with channels for supplying hot and cold coolants to them and a heat-sensitive element (TCE) located in them in the form of a thin-walled tube in contact with its working bend with a thrust device and which is at the same time a drive shaft; at the same time, the TPE is equipped with a parabolic-cylindrical concentrator of solar rays, and the power plant includes an energy-intensive heat accumulator with an energy recovery system for its use in the absence or weakening of solar radiation.

The description of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a power plant with a conventional image of the channels of heat carriers with pump-compressor and throttling equipment; in fig. 2 - cross-section of the thermal-mechanical converter; in fig. 3 - a variant of the converter with a thrust platform instead of a roller.

The claimed power plant consists of a thermal-mechanical converter (TMP), the design of which is based on a thin-walled pipe 7 (Fig. 1) made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion (for example, duralumin), it is also a working shaft with bearing assemblies 2 and a multiplier transmitting rotation other devices. Inside the pipe 1, shells are inserted along its entire length, forming two thermal zones: heating zone 3 and cooling zone 4 (Fig. 2). The heat zones are connected to the channels for supplying 5 and removing 6 of the hot coolant and, respectively, channels (pipe) 7 and 8 for the cooling coolant. The pipe 7 in the middle part is reinforced with an external sleeve 9, which is in contact with the thrust roller 10 during its thermal bending.

With a small pipe diameter, it is possible (and expedient) to replace the sleeve 9 with a radial bearing 11, and the roller 10 with a thrust platform 12 (see Fig. 3). Its ideal shape is a surface formed by a fragment of the Archimedes spiral (shown by a thin line), but its approximation is also quite acceptable - a cylindrical or even flat shape.

An electric generator is connected to the TMP multiplier with its own system for maintaining the frequency and voltage, as well as dumping excess energy into the heat accumulator, the compressor 13 connected to the receiver 14, which is at the same time the heat exchanger, with an outlet through the throttle 15 and the channel (pipe) 7 to the cooling zone 4 The pump 16 has its own drive, which is controlled by the solar radiation intensity sensor directed by the solar concentrator 17 (for example, according to RU patent No. 2661169 C1, 2018) to heat the corresponding segment of the pipe 1 TMP. This pump with the intake of liquid from the upper - the most heated - area of the pool 18 is connected through channel 5 to the heating zone 3 and then to the channel 6 of liquid discharge into the lower area of this pool, which is an energy-intensive heat accumulator. It can also house heat exchangers of the heat supply system.

For the purpose of thermal insulation of the pipe 1 from the external environment, it can be equipped with a heat-insulating shell with a transparent segment on the side of the solar concentrator.

The operation of the claimed power plant in the presence of solar radiation or its absence (or insufficient intensity) is practically unchanged. During normal insolation, sunlight, focused by the solar concentrator 17 on the surface of the pipe segment 7, heats it up, while the opposite side of the pipe remains cold. Under the influence of the temperature difference, the pipe 7 receives a deflection and with its sleeve 9 (or radial bearing 11) acts on the roller 10 (or platform 12). In this case, the component force F ₁ turns the pipe 7, and its new segments fall into the heating and cooling zones, and they, being deformed, restore the direction of deflection - due to which the rotation of the pipe-shaft continues.

In this case, the compressor 13 compresses the air heated in the cooling zone 4 (from which its temperature rises sharply), and directs it to the receiver 14 located at the bottom of the pool 18, through the walls of which heat is transferred to the heat accumulator. Further, the air that has dropped the temperature downstream of the throttle 15 is cooled even more sharply and enters through the channel (pipe) 7 into the cooling zone 4, from where it again enters the compressor 13 through the channel 8.

In the absence (or lack) of solar radiation, the pump 16 is switched on, which supplies hot liquid through channel 5 to the heating zone 3, from which it is discharged through channel 6 to the bottom of the pool 18.

It is important to note that when operating in this mode, despite the gradual drop in temperature in the heat accumulator, the temperature difference in the thermal zones (and this is the main condition for TMP) is practically preserved, therefore, the operating mode of the power plant is not violated. This is facilitated by an increase in the heat transfer of air in the receiver 14 when the temperature in the heat accumulator drops.

The simple design of the solar power plant, the stability of its operation at the calculated (for local conditions) energy capacity of the heat accumulator, high efficiency in the use of solar energy due to heat recovery create the prospect of its large-scale use.

Claims (1)

A solar power plant, consisting of a primary energy converter in the form of a heat-mechanical converter, containing heating and cooling zones with channels for supplying hot and cold coolants to them and a heat-sensitive element (TPE) located in them in the form of a thin-walled tube in contact during its working bend with a thrust device and which is at the same time a drive shaft; at the same time, the TPE is equipped with a parabolic-cylindrical concentrator of solar rays, and the power plant includes an energy-intensive heat accumulator with an energy recovery system for its use in the absence or weakening of solar radiation.

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