RU2749611C2 - Method for creating an artificial iceberg - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the creation of artificial sources of water supply. The method consists in creating artificial iceberg (1), based on reinforcing endoskeleton (2). The endoskeleton is made of a solid base, which is fastened with support elements. Within the endoskeleton, a polymer membrane made of high-density polyolefin is fixed. The reinforcing endoskeleton is placed in laminar water flows, where, under natural conditions, at subzero temperatures, the ice mass of fresh, clean water naturally freezes.EFFECT: creation of an artificial source of fresh water is provided.3 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

Technology area:

The present invention relates to the use of unconventional sources of fresh water and allows you to create artificial icebergs up to 400 * 400 * 200 meters in size and send them to regions of the world in dire need of clean fresh water. The basis of the invention was the concept of creating artificial icebergs from fresh water dg.mn. Glotova V.E.

Vehicle tier:

At the moment, there is no technology in the world that would allow, at relatively low cost, to create artificial icebergs as sources of fresh water.

Description of the invention:

It is well known that water resources are unevenly distributed over the earth's land area. This unevenness will increase as the number of earthlings grows and the climate continues to warm. Climate change will reduce the supply of fresh water to the population in Central, South, East and Southeast Asia. At the same time, geomorphological and paleogeographic data make it possible to judge about a significant increase in groundwater resources in the zone of active water exchange and water content of rivers during climate warming in high latitudes, including on the northeastern edge of Eurasia. In particular, the natural conditions of the North-East of Russia allow this region to specialize in the supply of fresh high-quality drinking water to the countries of South-East Asia.

General information about the region. Northeast Russia (SVR) is a predominantly mountainous country, geographically a peninsula of Eurasia, washed by the seas of the Pacific and Arctic (Arctic) oceans. From the west, its natural boundary is the Verkhoyansk Range. The total area of the region (excluding the Kamchatka peninsula) is about 2.2 million km ² . The population is no more than 300 thousand people, i.e. the density is about 1 person per 7 km ² . The prospects for an increase in permanent residents are not great here, since the harsh natural conditions of the region, its remoteness from densely populated and economically developed economic regions do not attract people to permanent residence. Industrial development of water resources is possible on a rotational basis. The high-latitude position of the region and the increased ice coverage of the seas washing the SVR result in a very cold climate. The average annual air temperature does not rise above -2.5 ° C. The duration of the cold period of the year, when the average daily temperature is below 0 ° C, is equal to 7-8 months with an average winter temperature not higher than -14 ° C. Under these conditions, permafrost is widespread throughout the territory.

Freshwater resources of the SVR. Fresh waters fed by rains, melting snow, ice, and intra-ground ice are concentrated in surface watercourses, seasonal thawed layer, taliks of river valleys, and, to a lesser extent, in seasonal ice and subpermafrost horizons. With a lake area and waterloggedness of mountainous areas of less than 0.1%, the water supply of the region can be judged by the volume of river runoff into the sea, since the flows of surface and groundwater in the mountainous regions of the permafrost zone are the same.

Table. The volume of the average annual water flow into the seas of the Arctic and Pacific oceans.

River, hydrostatic Method of obtaining data on stock Average annual runoff billion. ^M3 Rivers of the East Siberian Sea measurement, calculation 150.5 Rivers of the Chukchi Sea payment 28.2 Bering Sea rivers measurement, calculation 220.7 Rivers of the Sea of Okhotsk, including: 163.5 Yana - mouth payment 10.4 Taui - mouth froze 11.5 Ola - mouth froze 6.8

Thus, the total flow of fresh water into the oceans in this region reaches 562.8 thousand m ³ . For a comparative assessment of the given values, we point out that there is about 5400 m3 ^of water per day per one permanent modern inhabitant of the region, which is more than 280 times higher than the water supply of 1 person on Earth as a whole. For water supply purposes it is environmentally safe to use about 56 · 10 ⁹ m ^{3 of} water or 540 m ³ per day per person, which is about 10% of the total average annual flow.

If we assess the near-term outlook until approximately 2025, then already now we can formulate the task of exporting fresh drinking water from the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, drained by such rivers as Yana, Taui, Ola, Gizhiga and others. In the basins of these rivers there are no large enterprises - pollutants, and agricultural production is practically absent. The most industrially developed areas occupied by the city of Magadan and its suburbs are located in the basins of the small rivers Magadanka and Dukcha, which flow into the Tauiskaya Bay, therefore, the potential pollution of the waters of other rivers is not affected.

The drinking qualities of river waters are illustrated by the data of studying their chemical composition.

Table. Chemical composition of river waters on the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (based on materials from the Kolyma Directorate for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, the North-Eastern Complex of the Research Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the North-Eastern Geological Directorate of the RSFSR MG)

River, mode phase Fresh water quality indicators Transparency, cm pH The amount of ions, mg / dm ³ Iron total Total hardness, mg-eq / dm ³ Chromaticity according to Pt-Co scale, degree Gijiga, winter low-water period, average > 30 6.6 65 0.01 0.65 0 The same, summer-autumn low water > 24 6.8 54 0.09 0.56 0 Khasyn, winter low-water period, average > 30 6.4 77.9 0 0.83 0 The same, summer-autumn low-water period4 > 24 7 34.9 0.5 0.45 four Taui, winter low-water period, average > 30 6.4 32.3 0.24 0.31 0 The same, summer-autumn low water > 30 6.8 27.2 0.29 0.22 four Kamenushka, winter low-water period, average > 30 6.2 49.8 0.01 0.43 0 The same, summer-autumn low water > 30 6.4 30.1 0.24 0.24 0

The waters of the relatively large rivers of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk - Gizhiga and Taui - have been studied for several years by the Magadan Center for Environmental Pollution Control to identify patterns of negative changes in river water quality under the influence of natural and man-made factors. The content of various forms of nitrogen, total iron, copper, zinc, phenols, oil products, synthetic surfactants was determined. By all indicators, the water turned out to be clean, due to the absence of large settlements and centers of economic activity in the catchment areas of rivers. Only in the period of spring floods and summer floods are possible increases in individual indicators (metals, nitrogen of various forms, oil products). Consequently, the waters of rivers, the flow of which is formed in areas not affected by human activity, can be used without preliminary preparation. This conclusion is also true in relation to the resources of fresh groundwater of alluvial deposits, the quality of which is higher and more stable than surface water.

Water transportation methods. According to our calculations, without prejudice to the modern natural spawning grounds of salmonids and other aquatic animals and plants, it is currently possible to export to the world market about 3 · 10 ⁹ m ^{3 of} water taken from alluvial deposits in the estuarine areas of the river. Yana, Armand, Taui. This is 10% or less of the total annual river flow. In the future, this figure can be increased to 6 · 10 ⁹ m ³ .

Water intakes are supposed to be located in the form of a linear row of wells, elongated in the floodplain along the river bed, to freely attract river waters to the depression funnel. Large-capacity sea tankers, previously used for oil transportation, can be used to transport water. Currently, tankers are used to transport oil, the hull of which is made of two shells. Since fresh water is not environmentally hazardous, it can be transported by ships or caravans of bulk towed barges, which, according to modern requirements, are not suitable for the transportation of oil and oil products. In these cases, stations for filling tankers with fresh water are significantly simplified compared to oil ones. Instead of building oil terminals, which are technically complex due to the need to comply with environmental, fire and anti-terrorist safety requirements, it will be enough to equip a pumping station and ensure sanitary control. The vessel can be in the roadstead at sea, and water will be supplied through a pipeline laid along the underwater extension of the river bed, which will protect the water conduits from freezing.

Taking into account the fact that the coastal currents in the Sea of Okhotsk are directed from the northern shores to the Sea of Japan, it is possible to transport ice massifs in the form of icebergs, artificially created in winter near the sea coast, for their rafting to the southern sea areas and further towing to their destination. ...

In the case of fresh water delivery for export in the form of icebergs, the cost of transportation will be approximately halved when work is carried out in winter. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of river runoff during this period, when water discharge decreases hundreds of times.

Therefore, with a year-round withdrawal of fresh water in quantities comparable to the minimum winter discharge (about 20 m ³ / s), negative phenomena are possible in the form of an inflow of salty sea waters and drainage of spawning grounds. This process can be avoided by using the methods of artificial replenishment of fresh water reserves, which are well studied in the North-East of Russia.

The method of creating an artificial iceberg makes it possible to use the natural processes of the North-Eastern region of Russia to create artificial icebergs up to 400 * 400 * 200 meters in size, consisting of a mass of fresh water ice that freezes in natural conditions at negative temperatures. When freezing an artificial iceberg, an innovative technology for supplying laminar water flows is used, in which the liquid moves in layers without stirring and pulsations (that is, without random rapid changes in speed and pressure) onto a polymer membrane consisting of high-density polyolefin and playing the role of a reinforcing endoskeleton, as well as helping to reduce the rate of melting of an artificial iceberg and preventing the loss of its volume. The polymer membrane is attached within the framework, which is used in the form of a reinforcing endoskeleton made of a solid base, consisting of separate supporting elements of rods, beams, supports, which can be made of various high-strength materials to create an artificial iceberg, this method of forming an artificial iceberg reduces the rate of ice melting and prevents the loss of its volume.

Brief Description of Drawings

The figure shows the appearance of an artificial iceberg [1] and a view of a polymer membrane [2] on the basis of which ice build-up is formed.

Literature

1. Anderson P.M., Lozhkin A.V. Late Quaternary vegetation and climates of Siberia and the Russian Far East (palynological and radiocarbon database). - Magadan: SVNTs FEB RAS, 2002 .-- 369 p.

2. Glotov V.E., Glotova L.P. Features of the application of methods for keeping fresh groundwater in the basin of the Kolyma // News of the Samara Scientific Center. - 2012. - T. 14, No. 1 (9) - S. 2316-2320.

3. Kovalev A.D. Sea // North of the Far East. - M .: Nauka, 1970 .-- S. 165-185.

4. Long-term data on the regime and resources of surface waters: the Kolyma basin and the rivers of the Magadan region. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1985 .-- T. 1. - 432 p.

5. Innovations in modern geological science and practice: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (Stary Oskol, April 23-24, 2014), Stary Oskol, 2014. p. 28-36

Claims (3)

1. A method of creating an artificial iceberg based on a reinforcing endoskeleton, which is made from a solid base, which is fastened from supporting elements, within which a polymer membrane made of high-density polyolefin is fixed, the reinforcing endoskeleton is placed in laminar water flows, where, under natural conditions, at negative temperatures the natural freezing of the ice mass of fresh pure water is carried out. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a base in the form of a reinforcing endoskeleton is used as a framework for creating an artificial iceberg, consisting of a solid base and a polymer membrane made of high-density polyolefin, which reduces the rate of melting of an artificial iceberg and prevents the loss of its volume ... 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing endoskeleton is placed in laminar water flows, in which the liquid moves in layers without stirring and pulsations, that is, without random rapid changes in speed and pressure.

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