RU2749472C1 - Adjustable annular combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas industry.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to gas turbine engine building, in particular, to the design of combustion chambers of gas turbine engines, ground gas turbine engines used as a drive for a blower of a gas compressor unit or an electric generator. Disclosed is an adjustable annular combustion chamber. It consists of a diffuser (1), an outer casing (4), an inner casing (8), a flame tube (6) with outer (5) and inner (9) walls, a front device (11) with burners (10). An annular channel (18) is made at the outlet of the diffuser (1). There are rotary blades (13) with a rotary device in the annular channel. There is a spline connection with an adapter (15) on the output shaft of the drive. The adapter is connected to a rotary blade (13). The adapter (15) has a bevel gear (16), which is in engagement with a ring (17), which is connected to adapters of other blades. There are rows of holes (12) on the walls of the flame tube. There is an adapter (19) behind the blades with the rotary device. The adapter has a channel connecting the blades (13) of the rotary device (2) with the front device (11) in which the burners (10) of the flame tube (6) are located.EFFECT: invention effectively performs its functions.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to gas turbine engine building, in particular, to the designs of low-emission combustion chambers of gas turbine engines, ground gas turbine engines used as a drive for a blower of a gas compressor unit or an electric generator.

To ensure low-emission combustion of fuel in the combustion chambers of gas turbine engines in all modes of its operation, regulation systems are introduced into the design.

Known adjustable combustion chamber, the regulation of processes in which is carried out by staged fuel supply to various groups of burners [107. Hoffa F. "A method for regulating fuel supply in a gas turbine engine". US patent No. 5303542, 1992].

The frontal device of this variable combustion chamber consists of three annular rows of burners - pre-mixers, separated by parts designated as "annular baffles". The two outer annular zones each have 30 burners, the inner annular zone 15 burners. This arrangement of 75 burners facilitates staged fuel delivery when the engine is running at partial power.

The disadvantages of this design are:

a sophisticated control system that includes: 28 staging solenoid valves, 2 air bypass valves, an electronic NO _x regulator, instrumentation and sensors to measure the parameters required to calculate the flame temperature. The electronic regulator NO _x, according to the measured parameters, calculates T _pl and controls the elements that change F _mountains and G _Vcs . The main control system retains overall engine control, including total fuel consumption control,

- high price,

- high risk of failure of one of its elements of the regulation system,

- local overheating of the flame tube due to uneven temperature distribution during staged fuel supply to different groups of burners,

- uneven temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber,

- the complexity of the design, as it requires an additional manifold for supplying fuel.

Known adjustable combustion chamber, the regulation of processes in which is carried out by regulating the air. The main regulating element is a flexible metal band. In the "closed" position, it tightly encloses the flame tube at the location of the air bypass windows. In the "open" position, the tape moves in the radial direction with one drive and fits snugly against the inner surface of the power housing. This ensures the necessary air tightness, the absence of work hardening and wear of the mating surfaces [Postnikov A.M. Reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of gas turbines. // Samara. Publishing house of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2002. 286 p.].

On the outer casing of the combustion chamber, a ring with windows is fixed, above which there is a tape and a belt drive mechanism for air bypass. When the belt is open, air from the annular channel formed by the outer casing and the body enters through the windows inside the flame tube.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- reducing the pressure drop across the walls of the flame tube when the belt is open,

- uneven temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber when the belt is open,

- complex control system,

- not manufacturability of the design,

- low reliability of the mechanism.

From the investigated prior art, a technical solution has been identified that coincides with the claimed technical solution in terms of a combination of features and the achieved technical result, an adjustable combustion chamber is known by changing the position of the blades in the swirler of the burner [Vasiliev Yu.N. and others // News of foreign science and technology №10. 1986. M., TsIAM. S. 39-42].

The disadvantages of this design are:

- jamming of the control mechanism due to its location near the heated parts of the combustion chamber,

- high risk of failure (low reliability of operation) due to the need to rotate a large number of blades in each swirler,

- disruptions of the air flow on the swirler blades, since it does not have time to level out, leaving the combustion chamber diffuser,

- lack of air redistribution in the flame tube when turning the swirler blades,

- local combustion zones with a high temperature behind the burners located around the circumference in the frontal device.

In addition to the above, the known technical solution, as well as the previous analogs, does not provide:

- uniformity of the temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber,

- manufacturability of the design,

- do not exclude local combustion zones with a high temperature behind the frontal device,

- reliability of work,

- low cost,

- redistribution of air in the flame tube,

- a simple control system.

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The task as a whole is achieved by:

to ensure the uniformity of the temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber, an annular channel is arranged at the exit from the diffuser, in which the blades with a rotary device are located;

to ensure the manufacturability of the design, the rotary device is equipped with a minimum number of structural elements;

to exclude local combustion zones with a high temperature behind the frontal device, behind the blades with the rotary device, there is an adapter device having a smooth channel connecting the blades of the rotary device with the front plate, in which the flame tube burners are located;

to ensure reliable operation, all moving elements are located at a distance from the high-temperature areas of the combustion chamber;

to ensure low cost, the blades with a rotary device have a simple design;

To ensure the redistribution of air in the flame tube, rows of holes are located on its walls, which make it possible to redirect air between the burners and holes when changing the angle of the blades of the rotary device;

To ensure a simple control system, the drive output shaft has a splined connection with an adapter connected to the blade; the adapter has a bevel gear that meshes with a ring that is connected to the adapters of other blades, which ensures the simultaneous rotation of all blades at the same angle.

The analysis of known technical solutions, carried out according to scientific, technical and patent documentation, showed that the set of essential features of the proposed technical solution is not known from the prior art studied by the applicant, therefore, it meets the conditions of patentability of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - General view of an adjustable annular combustion chamber, longitudinal section.

FIG. 2 is a general view of the rotary device.

An adjustable annular combustion chamber contains a diffuser 1, an outer casing 4, an inner casing 8, a flame tube 6 with walls 5 and 9 having holes 12, a front device 11 with burners 10. An outer channel 3 is formed between the outer casing 4 and the flame tube 6, between the casing external 4 and internal casing 8 formed internal channels 7. At the outlet of the diffuser 1 there are an annular channel 18 with blades 13, behind which there is a transition device 19 having a smooth channel connecting the blades 13 of the rotary device 2 with the front plate 11, in which the burners are located 10 flame tube 6.

One of the blades 13, which is the leading one, through the spring 14 (Fig. 2) is connected to the electric drive of the control system 20. The torque from the spring 14 through the spline connection is transmitted to the adapter 15, which, in turn, through the spline connection transmits the torque to the blade 13 The adapter 15 having a bevel gear 16 is connected to the ring 17, which is connected to the adapters of other blades, which ensures the simultaneous synchronous rotation of all blades at the same angle.

The air from the compressor enters the diffuser 1 and is divided into two streams: one flows into the rotary device 2, and the other into the outer channel 3 formed by the housing 4 and the outer wall 5 of the flame tube 6, as well as into the inner channel 7 formed by the inner jacket 8 and the inner wall 9 of the flame tube 6.

The primary air, passing through the blades 13 of the rotary device 2, installed in the annular channel 18, enters the transition channel 19 and enters the burners 10 located in the front plate 11 of the flame tube 6, and the second, passing through the outer 3 and inner channels 7, enters through openings 12 into the inner part of the flame tube 6. When the blades 13 of the rotary device 2 turn, the amount of air entering the burners 10 decreases, and the air passing through the holes 12 increases, thereby redistributing the air inside the flame tube 6, which helps to ensure optimal combustion conditions that provide low-emission combustion in all operating modes of the gas turbine engine.

Based on the above, it seems possible to draw conclusions about the achievement of the stated goals, namely:

ensuring the uniformity of the temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber is achieved by organizing an annular channel at the exit from the diffuser, in which the blades with a rotary device are located,

ensuring the manufacturability of the design is achieved due to the fact that the rotary device is equipped with a minimum number of structural elements,

exclusion of local combustion zones with a high temperature behind the frontal device is achieved due to the fact that behind the blades with the rotary device there is an adapter device having a smooth channel connecting the blades of the rotary device with the front plate, in which the flame tube burners are located,

ensuring the reliability of operation is achieved due to the fact that all moving elements are located at a distance from the high-temperature areas of the combustion chamber,

low cost is achieved due to the fact that the blades with a rotary device have a simple design,

ensuring the redistribution of air in the flame tube is achieved due to the fact that rows of holes are located on its walls, which make it possible to redirect air between the burners and holes when changing the angle of the blades of the rotary device,

The provision of a simple control system is achieved due to the fact that on the output shaft of the drive there is a spline connection with an adapter connected to the blade, the adapter has a bevel gear, which is in engagement with a ring that is connected to the adapters of other blades, which ensures the simultaneous rotation of all blades by the same angle.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the claimed technical solution provides, in general, more efficient use for its intended purpose, i.e. The claimed technical solution is provided by making structural changes to the design of the adjustable annular combustion chamber, has a more efficient use as a blower drive of a gas-pumping unit or an electric generator, namely: reliable, cheaper, technological, with a simple control system, since provides regulation, increases the reliability of the combustion chamber, and hence the resource of the engine into which it is included, reduces the manufacturing cost.

Claims (1)

An adjustable annular combustion chamber containing a diffuser, an outer casing, an inner casing, a flame tube with outer and inner walls, a front-line device with burners, characterized in that an annular channel is made at the outlet of the diffuser, in which rotary blades with a rotary device are located, on the outlet the drive shaft has a splined connection with an adapter connected to the rotary blades, the adapter has a bevel gear, which is in engagement with a ring that is connected to the adapters of other blades, rows of holes are located on the walls of the flame tube, behind the blades with a rotary device there is an adapter having a channel connecting the blades of the rotary device with the front device, in which the flame tube burners are located.

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