RU2749208C1 - Ultra-high frequency signal adder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technique of ultra-high frequencies.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technique of ultra-high frequencies (hereinafter – UHF). The UHF signal adder contains a symmetrical tee having two outputs located on different sides of the output at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength, an active resistance included between the inputs, tuning elements, two additional half-wave UHF lines, an additional active resistance. The central conductor of one additional line is connected at one end to one output of the active resistance, and at the second end to one output of the additional active resistance. The central conductor of the second line is connected at one end to the other output of the active resistance, and at the other end to the other output of the additional active resistance.EFFECT: increase in the working power level while maintaining good alignment and low losses. Additional result is achieved by that active resistance and additional active resistance have different numbers.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to microwave technology, in particular to devices for adding (dividing) microwave signals, and can be used for adding (dividing) microwave signals in the feeder paths of communication technology and radar devices, television, in measuring technology.

When developing microwave devices, the problem arises of creating a device for adding (dividing) microwave signals to a high level of operating power, with low losses and good matching in a wide frequency range, having small weight and dimensions, while it is necessary that the adder inputs are decoupled from each other. The decoupling of the inputs of the adder (divider) allows the addition (division) of signals, for example, the addition of a microwave signal from several generators in the event of one or more failure.

The addition (division) of the microwave signal can be carried out using a ring bridge (Design of lens, scanning, wide-range antennas and feeder devices, Zhuk M.S. and Molochkov Yu.B., M., "Energiya", 1973). Ring bridges can be made on lines of various types: coaxial, symmetrical and asymmetrical strip lines. The ring bridge contains a housing and a conductor installed inside it, made in the form of a closed ring, an output, two inputs installed on opposite sides of the output at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength, and a second output located between the inputs at a distance of a quarter of a wavelength from one of the inputs and three-quarters of the other, and connected to a matched load.

When connected to two inputs of the generators, the microwave signals from them are added, and the failure of one of the generators does not affect the operation of the second. In this device, signals of high power can be summed, since the power is limited mainly by the power that can withstand the matched load.

However, the specified device has large dimensions. The full length of the middle line of the ring is equal to 1.5λ (Design of lens, scanning, wide-range antennas and feeder devices, Zhuk M.S. and Molochkov Yu.B. M., "Energiya", 1973).

Another device that can be used to add (divide) the microwave signal is a ring divider (adder) (Design and calculation of microwave elements on strip lines, Maloradskiy L.G., Yavich L.R., M., "Soviet Radio", 1972), consisting of a symmetrical tee with an input and 2 outputs located on opposite sides of the input at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength, and an active resistance, one end connected to the first output, the second to the second. The power divider (adder) provides isolation between the output arms, good matching, low losses and much smaller dimensions, since the total length of the center line is 0.5λ.

However, this device has the following disadvantages: - low level of operating power, since the active resistance must be small, which limits the power dissipated by the resistance. The use of resistors (resistors of the type Ρ1-2), in which to increase the operating power, it is necessary to use an external radiator, as a rule, connected to the device case, leads to a significant deterioration in parameters due to the presence of parasitic resistance reactances (inductance and capacitance of the terminals, capacitance, formed by the resistive layer and the case, etc.).

Another analogue, chosen as a prototype due to the similarity of the performed technical task, is a (adder) divider (UHF Signal Divider, utility model patent No. 113421, IPC N01R 5/16, publ. 10.02.2012), containing a symmetrical tee having input, two outputs located on opposite sides of the input at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength, and an active resistance, one end connected to the first output, the second to the second, in which two trimmers are introduced, the first being connected to one output of the active resistance , the second to another output of active resistance.

The use of trimmers allows the use of resistances installed on the radiator, designed to dissipate a high-power signal, which increases the operating power of the device. At the same time, good matching and low losses are preserved.

However, the disadvantage of this device is the low level of operating power, which can be due to the fact that the active resistance is small, heat is removed to the radiator from a small area, which prevents effective cooling of the resistance, leads to overheating of the resistance and, as a result, limiting the dissipated power. ... An increase in the number of resistors leads to an increase in the area from which heat is removed, but does not allow maintaining good matching and low losses. This is due to the fact that the active resistance (resistor) has certain geometric dimensions. An increase in the number of resistors leads to an increase in the distance between the sections of the output lines at the points where active resistances are connected (for example, in the decimeter wavelength range, the length of the section for switching on the resistance can be comparable to the wavelength), which causes deterioration of the parameters. In order to minimize the distance between the sections of the output lines at the places where active resistances are connected, the distance between the resistors must be made as small as possible, therefore, the resistors must be installed in one place in a small area, which also limits the possibilities of effective cooling of the resistances.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the operating power level while maintaining good matching and low losses.

Another technical result of the proposed technical solution is an increase in the level of operating power due to the redistribution of dissipation power between active resistances.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the adder of microwave signals containing a symmetrical tee having two outputs (inputs) located on opposite sides of the output (input) at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength, an active resistance connected between the inputs (outputs) and trimmers, two additional half-wave microwave lines (for example, two cables) and additional active resistance are introduced, while the central conductor of one additional line is connected with one end to one terminal of the active resistance, the other end to one terminal of the additional active resistance, the central conductor of the second line by one the end is connected to another output of the active resistance, the second end to the other output of the additional active resistance, and the value of the resistances (active resistance connected between the inputs (outputs) and the additional active resistance) differ from the value of the active resistance used in prototype.

An additional result is achieved by the fact that the active resistance and the additional active resistance have different resistance values.

The proposed device has significant differences from the known adders (dividers).

In ring adders (dividers), for example, selected as an analog and a prototype, the active resistance must be in close proximity to the sections of the output lines, and at one end it is connected to the first output line, the second to the second.

In a ring bridge, the load (resistance) is located between the outputs at a distance of a quarter wavelength from one of the outputs and three-quarters from the other, i.e. two microwave lines have different lengths. In addition, the load (active resistance) has one end connected to the junction of these microwave lines, the other - "grounded" (connected to the body).

The divider (adder) uses one active resistance, one end connected to the first input (output), the second to the second.

In the proposed device, 2 active resistances are used, one active resistance is installed at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength from the output (input), and one end is connected to the first input (output), the second to the second input (output). The second (additional) active resistance is connected to the first resistance using additional half-wave microwave lines. The value of the resistances (active resistance connected between the outputs and additional active resistance) differs from the value of the active resistance used in known dividers (ring dividers, ring bridges).

Thus, in all considered known adders (dividers), only one active resistance is used and there are no additional microwave lines.

This allows us to conclude that the claimed invention is in accordance with the patentability criterion "inventive step".

The essence of the invention will be more clear from the above description and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device.

In the drawing and in the text, the following designations are adopted:

1 - adder output;

2 - adder input;

3 - adder input;

4 - a quarter-wave section of the microwave line;

5 - a quarter-wave segment of the microwave line;

6 - active resistance;

7 - trimmer

8 - additional half-wave microwave line;

9 - additional half-wave microwave line;

10 - additional active resistance.

The combiner of microwave signals contains a symmetrical tee, output 1 and two inputs 2,3, located on opposite sides of output 1 and connected to it - quarter-wave sections of microwave lines 4, 5, active resistance 6 connected between outputs 2, 3, trimmers 7 , two additional half-wave microwave lines 8, 9, additional active resistance 10. In this case, the central conductor of one additional line 8 is connected at one end to one terminal of the active resistance 6, the second end to one terminal of the additional active resistance 10, the central conductor of the second line 9 at one end connected to another output of the active resistance 6, the second end to the other output of the additional active resistance 10. (The divider of the microwave signals contains, respectively, input 1 and two outputs 2, 3). To create additional half-wave microwave lines 8, 9, cables can be used.

The trimmers 11 can be connected directly to the terminals of the active resistance 6. The trimmers 7 can also be connected to the terminals of the additional active resistance 10. The trimmers 7 can be installed in parallel to one or both of the active resistances 6, 10.

Active resistance 6, as an additional active resistance 10, may include several resistors connected to each other.

The combiner of microwave signals can be performed on lumped elements (quarter-wave sections 4, 5 can be performed on lumped elements) (Broadband microwave devices on elements with lumped parameters, V.M. Karpov, V.A. Malyshev, I.V. Perevoshchikov - M., Radio and communication 1984, pp. 54-62). This does not change the essence of the invention.

The combiner (divider) of microwave signals works as follows.

If the device is used as a totalizer, then this device works as follows:

Provided that the signals received at inputs 2, 3 have the same amplitude and phase, the signals are added through the quarter-wave segments 4, 5 and they go to output 1.

In the event that the signals received at inputs 2, 3 have different amplitudes and (or) phases, then these signals arrive at output 1 not only through quarter-wave segments 4, 5 connecting inputs 2, 3 with output 1, but also through active resistance 6, additional half-wave microwave lines 8, 9 additional active resistance 10. Thus, signals in antiphase are added at each of outputs 3, 2, thereby compensating for the reflected signal, that is, decoupling between outputs 2 and 3 is achieved. In this case, half of the power goes to outputs 3, 2, and half is dissipated on resistances 6, 10. Equality (in power and in phase), and therefore, full compensation of the reflected signals arriving at outputs 3, 2 can be achieved by trimming elements 7, which can be connected either directly to the terminals of the active resistance 6, or connected to the terminals of the additional active resistance 10, or they can be installed in parallel with one or both ak tive resistances 6, 10.

In the event that the device is used as a divider, then this device works as follows:

The microwave signal arriving at input 1 is divided equally between two outputs 2, 3 located at a distance equal to a quarter wavelength from input 1. Signals at outputs 2, 3 are equal and in phase if outputs 2, 3 are matched. Matching of outputs 2, 3 is achieved by connecting matched loads to them (not shown in Fig. 1), compensation of parasitic reactances of resistances 6, 10 can be carried out by tuned elements 7.

In the event of a mismatch of one of the outputs, for example, the second, the signal reflected from output 2 is fed to output 3 in two ways: through active resistance 6, additional half-wave microwave lines 6, 7 (the total length of which is equal to the wavelength), additional active resistance 8 , and through quarter-wave segments 4, 5, the total length of which is equal to half the wavelength. Thus, at output 3, two signals are added in antiphase, thereby compensation of the reflected signal is achieved, that is, isolation is achieved between outputs 2 and 3. In this case, half of the power goes to output 3, and half is dissipated on resistances 6, 10. Equality ( by power, and by phase), and therefore, full compensation of the reflected signals coming to output 3 is achieved by the adjusted element 7. Due to the symmetry of the microwave signal divider, similar reasoning is also valid with the mismatch of output 3.

The introduction of two additional half-wave microwave lines (for example, two cables) 8, 9 and the connection of additional active resistance 10 to them allows not to increase the distance between the sections of the output lines at the points of connection of the active resistance 6, which leads to an improvement in matching and a decrease in losses. An increase in the level of working power occurs due to an increase in the number of active resistances (by introducing additional active resistance 10). Moreover, the introduction of an additional active resistance 10 located outside the body of the adder (divider) allows you to install an additional active resistance 10 on a separate radiator. The radiator can be large (the dimensions of the radiator are not limited by the dimensions of the device).

In addition, the use of two different active resistances allows the use of active resistance 6 and additional active resistance 10 with different values of resistance, for example, active resistance 6 (a set of resistors) has a resistance value of 400 Ohm, and additional active resistance 10 has a resistance value, equal to 133 ohms. Therefore, the use of the proposed technical solution allows you to distribute the dissipated power between the resistances. This makes it possible to increase the dissipated power from the resistance that is easier to cool, for example, has an increased size of the radiator, more "ribbing" of the radiator, the possibility of forced cooling (air or liquid), etc. All this allows to further increase the level of operating power while maintaining good matching and low losses.

The use of this invention makes it possible to create a device for combining (dividing) microwave signals into a high level of operating power, with low losses and good matching, the inputs of which are isolated from each other.

Claims (2)

1. A combiner for microwave signals containing a symmetrical tee having two inputs located on opposite sides of the output at a distance equal to a quarter of a wavelength, an active resistance connected between the inputs, trimmers, characterized in that two additional half-wave microwave lines and an additional active resistance, while the central conductor of one additional line is connected by one end to one terminal of the active resistance, the second end to one terminal of the additional active resistance, the central conductor of the second line is connected at one end to the other terminal of the active resistance, the second end to the other terminal of the additional active resistance. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the active resistance and the additional active resistance have different resistance values.

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