RU2747563C1 - Mobile phone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mobile communication devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mobile communication devices. The present mobile phone consists of two receiving and two transmitting devices, a monitoring and control unit with read only memory and random access memory, a keyboard, a display, a power supply unit, a voice communication unit, a voice activity detector, an encryption-decryption unit, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, an encoder and speech decoder, channel encoder and decoder, equalizer and terminal elements. All parts interact with each other via a system bus, which includes a data bus, an address bus and a control bus. The telephone is put inside a housing and is equipped with an antenna connected to one of the receiving devices by means of a switch, which is connected to the monitoring and control unit via the system bus. In addition, the telephone contains two blocks of subscriber identification modules, combining at least two modules each, and through the controller and the system bus connected to the monitoring and control unit, as well as three multidirectional antenna arrays and three switches connecting them to the system bus. Each of the three antenna arrays is connected to the system bus through a series-connected switch and one of the transmitting or receiving devices. In this case, the telephone contains a block of video sensors, a block of temperature sensors and a block of acoustic sensors and is equipped with a block for monitoring radiation and determining the current position of the user's body relative to the telephone body, by means of which the aforementioned blocks are connected to the system bus.EFFECT: invention reduces the impact of electromagnetic radiation of its own transmitters on the user by determining the position of his body relative to the phone body and promptly switching communication, taking this position into account, to another base station, the radiation in the direction of which does not affect the user.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mobile communication devices, namely to cellular telephones with a minimum level of exposure to electromagnetic radiation on the user, and can be used in their manufacture and operation.

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation on the human body is a possible cause of oncological, often incurable, diseases, and cell phone users are exposed mainly to the brain, throat mucosa, and middle ear. According to doctors, one of the most reliable methods of protection against this effect is the maximum possible distance of the radiation source from the human body, theoretically to infinity. However, since the cell phone must always be near the user's ear and mouth, this method is not applicable here.

Various types of shielding cases and covers for the phone provide a low level of protection against received signals; in principle, they do not solve the problem of protection against the radiation of their own transmitters.

There is a known device for protection against electromagnetic radiation of a cell phone tube (RU 2237376, publ. 2003.04.03), in which the cell phone case itself serves as a screen protecting the user's head from electromagnetic radiation, during the manufacture of which ferromagnetic powder is introduced into the plastic mass. It is assumed that the protection of the user is provided due to the appearance of Foucault currents in the particles of the said powder and the loss of energy for magnetization reversal. In the place where the antenna is located, the wall of the housing (facing outward from the user's head) is made of conventional materials, without the addition of ferromagnetic powder in order not to weaken the radiation power of the antenna. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the cell phone does not have the ability to receive and transmit radio signals in the direction leading to the user, while changing the operator and base station is not provided.

There is also known a method of protecting a user from the effects of an electromagnetic field emitted by a cell phone (RU 2381042, publ. 06.11.2008.11.06), which is carried out by placing a fencer's mask on the head of a user speaking on a cell phone. Openings for the eyes and mouth are made in the mask and a flexible electrical conductor is connected to it for connection to the grounding system in rooms with electrical equipment and electrical installations, from where communication is carried out. The disadvantage of this method is the obvious inconvenience of using its hardware design - a bulky design that does not meet the requirements of modern users. Each time a connection is established, the structure must be activated, in other words, alerted, connected, disconnected at the end of the connection, disassembled and stored, which is difficult to do without the involvement of outside help. At the same time, the known method does not provide 100% protection, firstly, due to the wide range of radiated wavelengths; secondly, as a result of the penetration of radiation through the openings of the mesh mask, which, in addition, is made in the form of a hemisphere, is an obstacle to electromagnetic radiation from not all effective directions.

Another way out of this situation is to change the direction of the phone's own electromagnetic radiation by switching to service by another operator and changing the base station.

Known mobile communication device described in patent RU 2199183, publ. 2002.09.20, containing an antenna, receiving and transmitting units, as well as a monitoring and control unit with permanent and random access memory, a subscriber identification module (SIM card), a keyboard, a display and a power supply, interconnected by means of a system bus containing a data bus , address bus and control bus. The known telephone allows you to selectively approach the choice of a particular service provider and, if necessary, replace the operator and the base station, however, for example, in areas of uncertain reception to improve the reliability of communication with the base station, it provides for an increase in the power of electromagnetic radiation, despite the fact that base stations of other operators operate in the same area, providing reliable communication at a lower radiation power. Thus, the known telephone not only does not provide a solution to the problem of exposure of the user to radiation from its own transmitting device, but also clearly creates an increased risk of this radiation.

Known mobile phone, made with the ability to switch from a public network to a private (CN 108055682, publ. 2018.05.18), while for it the public and private networks can be combined with high-speed 4G Internet for sharing and minimizing the cost of creating a new network. When the performance of one network is degraded, the phone automatically switches to the other and the service is not interrupted during the switching process, and the user does not feel the network switching. However, when using one subscriber identification module and one information channel, switching a known telephone to another operator and another base station during communication is not fast enough, which does not fully solve the problem of reliability of information delivery, as well as the problem of changing the direction of electromagnetic radiation of its own transmitter for reducing its impact on the user.

Structurally, the closest to the claimed one is a cellular telephone (RU 2319322, publ. 2008.03.10), which contains an antenna, receiving and transmitting units, a monitoring and control unit (CPU) with a permanent and random access memory unit, a subscriber identification module unit, which is a unit SIM card connected to the control and monitoring unit, keyboard, display and power supply, interconnected by means of a system bus, which includes a data bus, an address bus and a control bus. In addition, it contains the following elements necessary to ensure its operability: analog-to-digital converter (ADC), speech encoder and decoder, channel encoder and decoder, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), equalizer, message encryption and decryption unit, speech detector activities, as well as the body and terminal (external) elements. The known telephone makes it possible to use several telephone numbers for one telephone set intended for communication with different groups of subscribers (for example, one for use as a worker, the other as a home number, a number for communication with relatives, etc.), and at the same time ensures the choice of an operator and its change, if necessary, in accordance with certain criteria (quality of communication, its cost, availability of additional services, etc.).

However, the known telephone does not provide for the protection of the user from the electromagnetic radiation of its own transmitters. Firstly, it does not record the position of the user holding the phone in relation to the phone body, which does not allow establishing the direction in which the electromagnetic radiation of its own transmitter should be blocked to exclude its undesirable effect on the user; secondly, there is no possibility of prompt switching in automatic mode to another base station, in the direction of which its own electromagnetic radiation will not affect the user. Structurally, the ability to switch a known telephone during communication to a more productive operator is ineffective both for protecting the user from radiation and for ensuring reliable communication.

The object of the invention is to develop a mobile communication device made in the form of a cell phone, providing reliable communication with minimal exposure to the user of electromagnetic radiation from their own transmitters.

The technical result of the proposed cell phone is to effectively reduce the effect of electromagnetic radiation of its own transmitters on the user by determining the position of his body relative to the phone body and promptly switching communication, taking into account this position, to another base station, the radiation in the direction of which does not affect the user.

The specified technical result is achieved by the design of a cell phone, which contains a receiving and transmitting device, a monitoring and control unit with permanent and random access memory, a keyboard, a display, a power supply unit, a voice communication unit, a voice activity detector, an encryption-decryption unit, analog-digital and digital -analog converters, speech encoder and decoder, channel encoder and decoder, equalizer and at least two subscriber identification modules combined into a block, as well as terminal elements, while all the components of the phone interact with each other through the system bus, which includes the data bus , address bus and control bus; moreover, the block of subscriber identification modules is connected to the controller, on the other hand, via the system bus connected to the monitoring and control unit, and the telephone is equipped with an antenna, by means of a switch connected to the receiving device, which, in turn, is connected via the system bus to the monitoring and control unit , placed in a housing supplemented with terminal elements, and, unlike the known one, additionally contains one more receiving and one transmitting device, at least two additional subscriber identification modules combined into a unit, three antennas made in the form of antenna arrays, and three switches for their connection with other elements of the device, while the block of additional subscriber identification modules is connected to the second controller, through the system bus connected to the monitoring and control unit, the transmitter unit through the second switch is connected to the first antenna array, the second unit of the transmitting device is connected in series device and the third switch - with the second antenna array, and the system bus through the series-connected second receiver and the fourth switch is connected to the third antenna array, while the phone still contains a video sensor unit, a temperature sensor unit and an acoustic sensor unit and is equipped with a radiation control unit and determining the current body position of the user relative to the telephone body, by means of which the three above-mentioned units are connected to the system bus.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the antenna arrays are spaced apart from each other, for example by being placed in the corners of the telephone body.

The device is schematically shown in the drawing, which shows a block diagram of the proposed cell phone, which includes the following structural elements: receiving 1 and transmitting 2 devices, a monitoring and control unit 3 in the form of a digital signal processor (CPU) with read only memory (ROM) , which contains a program that coordinates the work of the processor, and random access memory (RAM) intended for temporary storage of data and the results of logical or mathematical operations that are performed by the aforementioned processor. In addition, the phone contains a keypad 4, display 5, power supply 6, voice communication unit 7, voice activity detector 8, encryption-decryption unit 9, analog-to-digital 10 and digital-to-analog 11 converters, speech encoder and decoder 12, encoder and channel decoder 13, equalizer 14 and terminal (external) elements 15. All components of the telephone interact with each other through the system bus 16, which includes a data bus, an address bus and a control bus (not shown in the diagram of Fig. 1). The proposed telephone also contains two blocks 17 and 18 of subscriber identification modules, which are SIM cards, through controllers, respectively, 19 and 20, connected to the system bus 16, through which the communication of the mentioned blocks 17 and 18 with the monitoring and control unit 3 is established.

The cell phone is equipped with an antenna 21 (similar to that used in the known phone) and is equipped with three multidirectional antenna arrays 22, 23, 24, located in the housing 25 with the possibility of receiving or transmitting electromagnetic waves and spaced apart from each other, for example, by placing in corners of the case. The antenna 21, which serves to receive radio signals, is connected through the switch 26 to the receiving device 1, which is connected to the monitoring and control unit 3 via the system bus 16.

In the known telephone, the subscriber identification module unit is connected to one controller, which does not provide simultaneous operation of several modules. Its subscriber identification modules have the ability to work only one by one: first one - a SIM card with the number of one operator, for example, MTS, then the other - a SIM card with the number of another operator, for example, Tele-2, and can be alternately changed.

In the proposed device, in contrast to the known one, in the presence of two controllers, 19 and 20, two subscriber identification modules - two SIM cards - can work simultaneously. For example, through the first controller 19, communication is carried out through the mobile operator MTS or Tele-2, and the second through Beeline or Megafon. Thus, out of four SIM cards (two subscriber identification modules in each block) in the proposed phone, two work simultaneously, providing communication over two channels, one of which is used, for example, for audio communication, the other for data exchange, for downloading files or continuing the game, etc.

The transmitting device 2 is connected through the second switch 27 with the first antenna array 22, and the second unit 28 of the transmitting device and the third switch 29 connected in series with the second antenna array 23, while the system bus 16 is connected through the series-connected second unit 30 of the receiving device and the fourth switch 31 connected to the third antenna array 24.

In addition, the telephone contains a unit of video sensors 32, a unit of temperature sensors 33 and a unit of acoustic sensors 34, which are connected to the system bus 16 through a unit 35 for monitoring radiation and determining the current position of the user's body relative to the cell phone body 25.

The proposed telephone operates as follows.

In general terms, its operation as a whole and the functioning of individual elements are carried out as usual, similar to the operation of conventional cell phones, including known devices, for example, a cell phone selected as a prototype.

The action of all nodes of the cell phone is controlled by the monitoring and control unit 3, which is a digital signal processor (CPU) with read only memory (ROM), which contains a program that coordinates the operation of the processor, equipped with a random access memory (RAM) intended for temporary storage of data and the results of logical or mathematical operations that are performed by the aforementioned processor.

Controllers 19 and 20 provide simultaneous interaction of the monitoring and control unit 3 through a common system bus 16 with each of the units 17 and 18 of the subscriber identification modules, which expands the capabilities of the device, since it makes it possible to select one or two cellular operators simultaneously from those available with compliance with the condition: the direction of transmission of the electromagnetic signal to the selected base station should not coincide with the direction to the sector in which the user of this telephone is located.

Switches 27 and 29, connecting the transmitters 2 and 28 with the corresponding antenna arrays 22 and 23, make it possible to realize the simultaneous operation of several information channels in such a way that the radiation directions of the said antenna arrays, i.e. own electromagnetic radiation, during communication, did not coincide with the directions of action of external electromagnetic radiation perceived by receiving devices 1 (along a chain of series-connected elements 21-26-1) and 30 (along a chain 24-31-30).

The video sensor unit 32, the temperature sensor unit 33 and the acoustic sensor unit 34, connected to the system bus 16 through the unit 35 for monitoring radiation and determining the current position of the user's body relative to the housing 25, provide the determination of the sector in which the radiation of its own antennas 22 and 23 and the corresponding transmitters 2 and 28 of a cell phone are prohibited (in order to avoid exposure to electromagnetic radiation on the sector in the direction of which the user is located); information in the form of signals generated in the monitoring and control unit 3 through switches 27 and 29 enters the transmitting devices 2 and 28.

The simultaneous use of several sensors, 32, 33 and 34, whose operation is based on different principles, increases the reliability of determining the sector in which the user is located, and, accordingly, the direction prohibited for the cell phone's own radiation.

It is possible to further improve the accuracy and reliability of determining the aforementioned sector, in the direction of which the operation of the transmitters is blocked, by installing additional units in the phone, the action of which is based on changing the capacity, motion fixation and other physical principles, which will provide a higher degree of user safety.

The presence of several multidirectional antennas made in the form of antenna arrays makes it possible to enhance the directional properties of the transmitted and received signals and reduce the level of interference coming from other directions. In addition, the antenna arrays allow, with a separation in time, to form several directions (emission or reception) for parallelization, i.e. for separation, information channels in space. Antenna arrays 22, 23 and 24, controlled by the monitoring and control unit 3 (via switches 27, 29, 31 and the system bus 16), make it possible to form directional characteristics to base stations, which provide a higher channel immunity for useful signals in comparison with signals from other directions, and thereby increase the stability of communication.

The highly directional characteristics required for stable communication with the base station require less radiation power, which indirectly reduces the requirements for cell phone transmitters by reducing the proportion of signal reflections from “local objects”.

The proposed telephone, in the aggregate of its essential features, allows you to control the radiation levels of base station antennas in a particular area and select those base stations, the direction to which in the mode of its own transmission does not affect the user of the cell phone.

At the same time, the base stations of one cellular operator may not be enough to make a choice that is safe for the user. An example is the case where the user's cell phone can only transmit to two base stations, while it is allowed to receive them from four base stations that belong to different cellular operators.

The presence of two controllers in the proposed device, each of which is associated with its own block of subscriber identifier modules, allows using the control and management unit 3 to simultaneously exchange information with two subscribers, "on behalf of" two SIM cards, and make a choice of the "interlocutor" in depending on the signaling environment and the spatial placement of base station antennas.

Thus, due to the possibility of choosing an appropriate base station and a direction free for its own electromagnetic radiation, which does not affect the user (except for his hand holding the phone), the proposed cell phone provides a reduction in the risk of exposure to the said radiation on the user while maintaining continuous communication, which indicates the achievement of the stated technical result.

In addition, the implementation of antennas in the form of antenna arrays gives an additional contribution to the achievement of this result: the selection of signals in the direction improves and the signal-to-noise ratio increases, which contributes to an increase in the reliability and stability of communication (the probability of errors decreases, no retransmissions are required, the channel capacity increases communication and telephone as part of a cellular communication system). As a result, there is no need to transmit a signal in the prohibited direction and the likelihood of exposure to the user of the cell phone's own electromagnetic radiation is reduced.

Additional advantages of the proposed phone include the ability to form several spatial channels (directional characteristics), which allows you to control the signal levels from base stations and provides the best choice.

Claims (2)

1. A cell phone, which contains a receiving and transmitting device, a monitoring and control unit with permanent and random access memory, a keyboard, a display, a power supply unit, a voice communication unit, a voice activity detector, an encryption-decryption unit, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, an encoder and a speech decoder, a channel encoder and decoder, an equalizer and two subscriber identification modules combined in a block, as well as terminal elements, with all the components interacting with each other through a system bus, which includes a data bus, an address bus and a control bus; wherein the subscriber identification module unit is connected to the controller, on the other hand, connected to the monitoring and control unit via the system bus, is equipped with an antenna, through a switch connected to the receiving device, in turn, through the system bus connected to the monitoring and control unit, is placed in a housing supplemented with terminal elements, characterized in that it additionally contains one more receiving and one transmitting device, at least two additional subscriber identification modules combined in a block, three antennas made in the form of antenna arrays, and three switches for their communication with other elements of the device, while the block of additional subscriber identification modules is connected to the second controller through the system bus connected to the monitoring and control unit, the transmitter unit through the second switch is connected to the first antenna array, the second unit of the transmitting device and the third switch are connected in series - with the second antenna array, and the system bus through a series-connected second receiver and the fourth switch is connected to the third antenna array, while the phone still contains a video sensor unit, a temperature sensor unit and an acoustic sensor unit and is equipped with a unit for monitoring radiation and determining the current position of the user's body relative to the phone body, by means of which the three above-mentioned blocks are connected to the system bus. 2. A cell phone according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna arrays are located in the corners of its body at a maximum distance from each other and are directed in different directions.

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