RU2747409C2 - Method for increasing safety of movement of person with additional support and apparatus for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: traffic safety.SUBSTANCE: method of increasing safety of pedestrian traffic includes choosing a movable support, adjusting the height thereof and placing a reflective element on the movable support, wherein the reflective element is placed in a ring on the movable support in the light-dark area around the vertical center of the support and is made in the form of a yellow 983-series diamond-type 3M tape placed in a ring around the movable support at a height of 145 to 600 mm from the ground surface. When the vehicle is moving and the distance between the vehicle and the person is reducing, the upper reflective element moves from the light-dark area to the low beam area.EFFECT: increased pedestrian traffic safety.17 cl, 18 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The proposed invention relates to the satisfaction of the vital needs of a person, in particular to additional human supports: reeds, reeds for Nordic walking, reeds for people with impaired vision, umbrella reeds, walkers, axillary crutches, elbow crutches with an armrest.

State of the art

Known additional human supports, the height of which must be adjusted according to human growth (Fig. 1), consisting of a support part on the ground, an adjustable vertical part and a support for the hands (arms) of a person.

The known method and device for improving the safety of human movement, including a cane with installed on it an electric flashlight, a power supply, a radio receiver and a sound horn with an elastic pear [US Patent No. 5,056,545, "Safety walking sape", IPC А45В 3/00 (2006.01), 1991 ].

The disadvantage of the method and device in the complexity of its implementation, in the inconvenience of using the device, in high weight, high cost of manufacturing and maintenance, in the one-way direction of light and a small degree of safety of human movement.

The known method and device for increasing the safety of human movement, including the installation of an electric flashlight on a cane with a power supply [US Patent No. 5,197,501, "Multi-purpose sape", IPC A445B 3/00 (2006.01), 1993]; [US Patent No. 5,219,402, "Stick usable at daytime and night", IPC A45B 3/00 (2006.01), 1993]; US patent No. 5,331,990, "Safety cane", IPC A45B 3/00, (2006.01), 1994]; [Web site: Trusty cane].

The disadvantage of the method and device is that it does not provide circular visibility of the cane, a low degree of safety of human movement.

The known method and device for improving the safety of human movement, including placement on a cane for people with poor vision of a sound generator [US Patent No. 9,789,024 B2, "White cane navigational devise for the visually impaired", IPC A45B 3/00, (2006.01), 2017] ...

The disadvantage of the method and device is that the driver cannot hear sound signals, being in the car at a distance of 100-150 meters, cannot determine the direction of the sound source and the person, the low degree of safety of the person's movement.

There is a method of increasing the safety of human movement and a device for its implementation by placing a lighting device on the umbrella [US Patent No. 4,962,779, "Multi-function umbrella" IPC А45В 3/00, (2006.01), 1990]; [Patent RU 2181251 C2, IPC A45B 3/04 (2000.01), Publ. 02/20/2002, Bul. No. 11]. The umbrella ensures the safety of the person. Making it more visible to other people or vehicles.

The disadvantage of the method and device is the complexity of manufacturing and the inability to use it as an additional support for a person, i.e. umbrella canes.

Known safety umbrella [Patent RU 2486854 C2, IPC А45В 19/04 (2006.01), Publ. 10.07.2013, Bul. No. 19]. The umbrella has two LED lamps above the dome and on the handle, which increases the safety of human life.

The disadvantage of the method and device is that it cannot be used as an additional support for a person, i.e. umbrella canes.

The known method and device for increasing the safety of human movement, including the placement on a walker of tennis balls with pre-cut holes, which are closed with lids [US Patent No. 7,743,780, "Walker Glide", IPC А45В 3/00 (2006.01), 2009]. Tennis balls in a bright lemon color draw the attention of others to additional support.

The disadvantage of the method and device in low light reflectivity t. the surface of the balls is fleecy and attracts attention only in the daytime. At night, tennis balls on the road mislead the driver. there is no logical connection between tennis balls and a moving person, a small degree of safety of a person's movement.

Known Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of wheeled vehicles" (OBKTS). Appendix No. 8. "Requirements for vehicles in service", Section 3 - Requirements for lighting and signaling devices http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_125114/41ae0ebf88859639a8300ef24157729b56de152e/.

Known reflectors in the form of bracelets SLEP 3 * 30 cm of various colors. [Web site: Blicker.ru].

Known retroreflector in the form of a tape glued to the allocated objects (Fig. 2, 3). The tape packaging contains examples of its use.

Known device for increasing human safety includes an additional support, an elbow crutch with an armrest, adjustable in height, with a red reflector installed (Fig. 4).

The closest technical solution is a method of placing on an additional support, adjustable in height, a retroreflective element directed forward in the direction of a person's movement, and a device for its implementation with a red reflector (Fig. 5).

The disadvantages of the closest technical solution are:

- weak retroreflection;

- the retroreflective element is directed only forward in the direction of movement of the person, it is not visible either from the side or from behind;

- the height of the reflective element placement is not justified;

- the reflective element is not in the dipped headlights;

- non-compliance of the color of the retroreflective element with the requirements (TRBKTS);

- low degree of human traffic safety.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the safety of the movement of a person using an additional support and a reflective element on the road.

The achieved technical result is:

- simplicity and versatility of the installation of the retroreflective element;

- increasing the intensity of retroreflection;

- circular (360 °) placement of the reflective element;

- all-round directionality of the retroreflective element, and does not depend on the direction of their mutual movement;

- justification of the height of the reflective element placement;

- placement of the retroreflective element in the objectively justified cut-off border of the dipped beam of the car headlights.

- compliance of the color of the retroreflective element with the requirements (OBKTS) understandable to the driver;

- increasing the safety of human movement. The technical result is achieved as follows.

In the method of increasing the safety of human movement, including the selection of an additional movable support, adjusting the height of an additional movable support and placing a reflective element on an additional movable support, a reflective element, a yellow diamond-type tape is placed around on all vertical structural elements of an additional movable support at a height in the interval 145 -600 mm from the ground.

As a diamond type tape, 3M tape, series 983 is used.

The retroreflective element is placed at an arbitrary height within a given interval.

Place from 2 to 8 reflective elements one above the other:

- reflective elements are placed without gaps;

- the retroreflective elements are placed at an equal height with equal intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps.

In the method, the retroreflective element is placed on a removable belt and fixed to a support.

The belt with the reflective element is placed at an arbitrary height within a given interval.

Place from 2 to 8 belts with reflective elements one above the other:

- belts with reflective elements are placed without gaps;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an equal height with equal intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals.

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals.

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps.

A device for increasing the safety of human movement, including an additional height-adjustable movable support and a retroreflective element, the retroreflective element is made in the form of a yellow tape 3M, series 983 yellow, belonging to the diamond type with a width of 55 mm and is placed around an additional movable support with a ring at a height of 145- 600 mm from the ground.

The retroreflective element is placed at an arbitrary height in a given interval.

Placed from 2 to 8 reflective elements one above the other:

- reflective elements are placed without gaps.

- retroreflective elements are placed at equal height with equal intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals;

- retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals;

- retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals;

- the retroreflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps.

A device where the retroreflective element is placed on a removable belt that can be freely installed and fixed on a support in a given interval.

Placed from 2 to 8 belts with reflective elements:

- belts with reflective elements are placed without gaps;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at the same height with equal intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals;

- belts with reflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps.

The proposed invention became possible after the authors found that OBKTS do not allow the placement of red in front of a moving object. [APPENDIX 8, clause 3. "Requirements for lighting and light signaling devices", table 3.1.]

Therefore, for example, the movement of a pedestrian with a cane, in which the retroreflector is red (prototype device) (Fig. 4), misleads the driver. The driver believes that an object is moving in front of him in the same direction, but in fact - towards him, which he does not know about. The movement of objects in the opposite direction significantly reduces the distance between them and the response time of the driver. This significantly reduces the safety of human movement.

The authors found that the light returning tape (film) is divided into 3 types. The first two are made of micro glass beads, and the third is made of micro prisms. The latter type has a maximum light return and is called the "diamond" type. This tape is 3M Series 983 (3M ™ Diamond Grade ™). It consists of micro prisms embedded in a transparent polymer and protected by a synthetic transparent film (Fig. 6).

The coefficient of retroreflection, at an angle of incidence of 5 °, 30 °, 40 °, 60 ° and an observation angle of 0.33 ° of the 3M film of the 983 series, in table 1.

The values of the coefficients of retroreflection are given in dimensions: [cd ⋅ lux ^-1 ⋅ m ^-2 ]. file: /// C: / Users / User / Documents / PB_983_rus-new_0% 20% D0% A1% D0% 92% D0% 95% D0% A2% D0% 9E% D0% 92% D0% 9E% D0% 97% D0% 92% D0% A0% D0% 90% D0% A9% D0% 90% D0% AE% D0% A9% D0% 90% D0% AF% 20% D0% 9F% D0% 9B% D0% 95% D0% 9D% D0% 9A% D0% 90.pdf. Illumination angle is the angle formed by a ray of light striking a surface at some point and perpendicular to the surface at the same point.

FIG. 6 it can be seen that micro prisms, depending on their location in relation to the incident light, according to the law of physics, are capable of refracting and predominantly reflecting it with different prism faces.

The authors found that 3M tapes of the 983 series of white color have the maximum retroreflective ability (Table 1), but the white color is not informative. Drivers from all over the world believe that yellow on the road is a sign of "attention". A movable yellow sign on an additional support of a moving person will cause increased attention of the driver, especially if there are several such signs.

Reflective tape must not be glued to the umbrella cane, which is used as an additional support. the fabric of the umbrella must be mobile and not lose its lyophobic properties from contact with the adhesive layer of the tape. The umbrella strap holding the fabric and knitting needles is not suitable, because located outside the reasonable range of maximum retroreflection. Therefore, the retroreflective tape is glued to a separate strap, and the strap with the tape is put on and fixed at an objectively justified height from the ground (Fig. 7).

To determine the location of the tape on the additional support, the authors objectively substantiated the height of the reflective element, linking it with the physical parameters of the propagation of light from the headlights of wheeled vehicles, the speed of the car, the driver's response, the braking distance and the state of the road.

The invention became possible after the authors determined the requirements for the adjustment of the dipped beam headlights. [Reference manual for monitoring the technical condition of vehicles. M .: Publishing NPST "Transconsulting", 2007 - p. 66-67, tab. 10] The height of the headlights depends on the type of wheeled vehicles. Requirements for the height "H" depend on the height of the optical location of the headlights, tab. 2.

The authors found that the maximum height of the location of the retroreflective marking on the movable additional support of a person should correspond to the minimum value - "H" (Table 2), equal to 600.0 mm. All upstream lights are guaranteed to illuminate reflective markings. FIG. 8 is a graphical representation of the "H" value. Other designations in FIG. 8 are presented in APPENDIX 8. Section 3. Clause 3.8.7. Fig. 3.1. OBKTS.

To identify a person moving, for example, with a cane, it is enough to place the reflective marking at a minimum height from the optical center of the headlights and the road at a distance of at least 100 meters between the vehicle and the person.

The authors found that in order to improve human safety, it is necessary, [The device, maintenance and the basics of safe driving of a passenger car / Training manual of a motorist. K.S. Shestopalov. M .: DOSAAF USSR, 1976. - 184 p. /] Take into account the following factors:

- the distance at which the driver can see the pedestrian;

- the reaction speed of the driver of wheeled vehicles;

- braking distance of wheeled vehicles.

The distance, at which the driver can see the pedestrian, depends on the height of the driver's seat in the car, the height "H" (Fig. 8), and the length of view of the illuminated path. This distance should be greater than the braking distance. At this distance, the reflective color from, for example, a person's cane, as the most common additional support, should be clearly visible.

The driver's reaction rate cannot be regulated, it is determined by calculation based on the results of a representative statistical sample. The total response time of the driver can fluctuate between 0.45-1.5 s. [K.S. Shestopalov, s. 160-161], and the car will go a certain way.

The braking distance depends on the vehicle speed and the road surface. It is monitored during vehicle inspection and maintenance. The time of intensive braking is within 0.1-0.2 s. [K.S. Shestopalov, s. 161, 162], tab. 3.

The authors have determined that the length of the illuminated path review is [https://studfiles.net/preview/5444147/page:11/#27]. [Lapsky S.L., Azemsha S.A. Vehicle performance. Workshop. - Gomel: BelGUT, 2011 .-- 312 p. ] and the visibility of a pedestrian in the headlights can be calculated according to the diagram, Fig. nine.

Cars of the Customs Union: Belarus and Kazakhstan, move freely around the Russian Federation, and their drivers must also recognize the additional human supports being moved. FIG. 9 the following designations are adopted:

S _B - the range of visibility in the headlights of the dipped beam, m;

S _B1 - distance to the adjusting screen, let's take 5 m;

S _B2 - distance to the driver of the oncoming car, (S _B2 = 50 m);

S _ВП - pedestrian visibility range in headlights, m;

Δh - the minimum height of the pedestrian's footlights illumination at which he will be seen by the driver m, (Δh = 0.2 m). It is equal to the height of illumination of the lower, vertical part of the additional support;

H - the height of the location of the eyes of the driver of the oncoming car above the road, m, (H = 1.25 m);

α is the angle of incidence of the light beam of the headlights on the road surface, rad;

β - the angle of ascent of the light beam of the headlights, at which the driver of the oncoming car is blinded, glad;

γ is the angle between the horizontal line passing through the center of the headlights and the light beam of the headlights directed into the eyes of the driver of the oncoming vehicle, glad.

We use the following requirements: the minimum height of illumination by headlights of a person's legs, at which he will be seen by the driver, is 0.2 m (200 mm) and the width of the 3M series 983 tape (55 mm).

Therefore, the minimum distance of the location of the lower edge of the tape above the road surface is: 200-55 = 145 mm.

The authors made calculations using the second method. If we conditionally connect the optical center of the headlamp, located at a height of 0.6 meters (600 mm), with a point on the road at a distance of 150 meters, we get a right-angled triangle. The line of the optical center of the headlight will descend to the road surface every 0.2 m (200 mm), at intervals of 50 meters. Therefore, at a distance of a straight, level road section of 100 m, the line of the optical center of the headlamp will be at a height of 0.2 m (200 mm) (Fig. 10).

Both calculation methods gave the same result.

The authors objectively substantiated the lower limit of the location of the retroreflective marking to ensure the safety of finding a person with an additional movable support on the road, linking together the technical requirements for the car, the driver's reaction and the braking distance.

The upper limit of the location of the reflective marking may not exceed 600 mm (Table 2), because the upstream headlights of wheeled vehicles will be guaranteed to illuminate these markings.

The interval 145 ÷ 600 mm, substantiated by the authors, makes it possible to place a reflective marking, taking into account any person's height, on any selected additional movable support (options).

Reflective marking tape 3M series 983 is a self-adhesive tape. It is easy and simple to apply it to the vertical parts of the movable auxiliary support.

The tape is applied in rings on top of each other, from 1 to 8 rings, pasting over the entire reasonable interval, or with any gap between them. This increases the degree of safety of human movement, because when the car is moving from the cut-off zone, it goes into the low-beam headlights zone above the retroreflective element. Refraction of the incident light by micro prisms changes the brightness of the retroreflection (Table 1). The driver cannot but pay attention to this. Moving the support will cyclically change the retroreflectivity, i.e. will further increase the driver's attention and improve human safety.

If the movable additional supports, depending on the design, are walkers, axillary crutches, then retroreflective markings are applied to each vertical element of the additional support in a reasonable height interval.

If the movable additional support is an umbrella cane, then the reflective marking is applied to the belt, the belt is placed and fixed in the range of 145-600 mm from the ground surface. To increase the retroreflection, 2 to 8 straps are placed one above the other with or without an interval between them, at a height of 145-600 mm from the ground surface.

All movable support legs have height adjustment clips protruding from the vertical parts of the support. The belt with reflective tape can be secured with an emphasis on these clips.

Device operation. When moving, the additional support makes return movements. Depending on the location of the driver and the movement of the person, these will be:

- in one direction - up and down, with a change in the angle of return;

- in the transverse direction - pendulum, with a change in the angle of return.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the intensity of retroreflection will change, due to the refraction of light in the prisms and the reflection of light by different faces of the micro prisms of the 3M 983 series tape. Different intensities and cycles additionally attract the driver's attention and increase human safety.

A device with two or more tapes. Headlights of an approaching vehicle, the headlights will illuminate the higher located strips. Changing the angle of illumination of the headlights during movement will lead to a change in the intensity of light reflection, the closer, the brighter. This further increases retroreflectivity and attracts the driver's attention, enhancing human safety.

Example 1 (Prototype method). Figure 5 shows a movable additional support in the form of an elbow crutch, on which a reflective marking is installed, made of 3 mm red plastic, corrugated from the inside.

It can be clearly seen that light reflection is weak, and comes from the outer, flat surface of the marking.

Upon closer inspection (Fig. 11), it is seen that on the inner surface there are tetrahedral pyramids facing the outer surface with cones. The inner edges of the pyramids reflect the incident light, but its intensity decreases as it passes through the plastic layer. [X. Kuhling / Physics Handbook, ed. EAT. Leikin. M .: "WORLD". 1982 s. 268, 274] Light reflected by the outer and inner surfaces results in interference. [X. Kuhling, s. 291] When the wavelengths are added, both an increase and a decrease in retroreflection can occur. One of the factors influencing this is the thickness of the plastic. It would be more correct to make tetrahedral pyramids on the outer surface of organic glass, but this is material for another invention.

Example 2 (Proposed Method) FIG. 6 contains a retroreflective marking made of 3M ™ Series 983 yellow diamond type film. According to the laws of physics in micro prisms, the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection (return) depend on the position of the prism. On a curved surface, it is difficult to determine the angle of reflection. This is clearly illustrated in FIG. 6.

In figure 12a) - retroreflectivity from daylight scattered light.

In figure 12b) retroreflection from forward-directed light, which is identical to the dipped headlights of a car. Comparing Figures 12a) and 12b), it can be seen that the retroreflection is such that it hides the black rubber band on the surface of the film. Likewise, the belt buckle will be hidden, which should be positioned to the side of the person. From the example it follows that the reflectivity of the micro prisms (reflection and interference) masks the black rubber band. This effect is not achieved by any of the known retroreflective films, except for the one proposed by the authors.

This confirms that the interference effect has increased the retroreflectivity. In practice, the authors demonstrated the optical effect of the Stele technology, noticeably hiding the presence of a black rubber band on the surface of the object.

Example 3. Reeds have a height adjustment either at the bottom, or at the top, or in the middle. Therefore, the placement of reflective markings is possible at a height of 145 mm from the ground. The number of marking tapes to be placed is not limited, but within a maximum of 600 mm, from the ground. Their number can vary from 1 to 8. More is not advisable.

FIG. 13 shows an example (layout) of placement on walking reeds.

FIG. 14 experimental light reflection by retroreflective marking.

Example 4. Shoulder crutch. Placement of reflective markings is possible in the same way as placing it on a reed. It is possible to arrange the marking into three constituent elements, fig. 15. It is possible to supplement the vertical elements of the crutch with additional reflective markings up to a height of 600 mm from the ground surface.

Example 5. Walkers. The location of the reflective markings on the walkers is shown in FIG. 16, (layout).

Example 6. Walking reeds for Nordic walking, adjustable in height, have several joints. FIG. 17, there are 3 joints, so their height is adjusted in a wide range of 65-135 cm. The placement of retroreflective markings is possible on any of the elements, the main thing is that it is not lower than 145 mm and not higher than 600 mm. from the surface of the earth. In quantities from 1 to 8.

Example 7. Walking sticks for visually impaired people. This movable additional support is designed to control objects and terrain on the road in order to prevent a person from falling into a depression or colliding with an obstacle. In daytime, these canes are painted white to attract attention, but at night and twilight this is not enough. Therefore, the placement of reflective markings will improve the safety of visually impaired people on the road. The placement principle is similar to example 6 and does not require additional explanation.

Example 8. A cane-umbrella. This is a versatile device, which when folded has a strap so that the fabric does not "dangle" when using the umbrella as a movable support. The strap is located above the reasonable spacing and therefore cannot be used for retroreflective marking. Since the reflective marking is a plastic tape with an adhesive layer, it is easy to stick it, for example, on a removable umbrella cover. Place the reflective markings on the case at a reasonable distance from the ground. You can use a removable belt with a label glued to it (Fig. 18). When a person with an umbrella cane moves, there is a "dead zone". This is the part of the cane-umbrella with reflective markings, which the human body hides from the headlights. It depends on which hand a person holds an umbrella cane in, right or left, and from which side the wheeled vehicle is moving, right or left. If the hand with the cane-umbrella coincides with the direction from which the headlights are falling, then the retroreflection will be constant. If the hand with the cane-umbrella does not coincide with the direction from which the headlights are falling, then the body of the person covers the cane-umbrella completely. When a person moves, the umbrella cane will make oscillatory movements. Coming out of the shadow created by a person, the retroreflective elements will in motion impulsively reflect the light falling on them. Which cannot be overlooked by the driver.

Example 9. Placement of 2 to 8 reflective markings. Retroreflective elements are placed one above the other without gaps, then it looks to the driver of wheeled vehicles as a single, solid, marking with dimensions from 110 mm to 440 mm, with a smoothly varying intensity along the height (different angle of incidence of headlights).

Retroreflective elements are placed one above the other at intervals of more than 10 mm from each other, then it looks to the driver of wheeled vehicles as separate elements, with discretely varying intensity in height when wheeled vehicles approach, accompanied by a rise in the light zone (H, figure 8 and Δh, Figure 9).

The best result is obtained by placing two reflective elements without a gap, at a distance of 110 mm from another pair of elements connected together. In this case, the above pair of retroreflective elements passes from the shadow zone to the illumination zone and sharply increases its brightness.

Brief description of the drawings.

1. Additional human supports (Fig. 1).

2. Reflective tape (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

3. Reflector (prototype) (Fig. 4).

4. Device (prototype) (Fig. 5).

5. Tape of the diamond type (Fig. 6).

6. The proposed device (Fig. 7)

7. Drawing of the cut-off line of the dipped beam (Fig. 8).

8. Drawing of the cut-off line (Fig. 9).

9. Drawing of the cut-off line (Fig. 10).

10. Retroreflection (prototype) (Fig. 11).

11. Retroreflection of daylight and directional light tape 3M ™ Series 983 (the proposed method (Fig. 12 a); b)).

12. Variants (layout) of the reflector placement (Fig. 13).

13. Photo of the reflector on the support (Fig. 14).

14. Photo of the reflector on the shoulder crutch (Fig. 15).

15. Options (layout) placement of reflectors (Fig. 16).

16. Photo of support poles for walking (Fig. 17).

17. Photo of the placement of the reflector on the umbrella cane (Fig. 18).

Claims (17)

1. A device for enhancing the safety of human movement, including an additional height-adjustable movable support and reflective elements from 1 to 8, while the reflective elements are made in the form of a 3M tape, series 983 yellow, related to the diamond type, 55 mm wide and placed around the additional a movable support ring at a height of 145-600 mm from the ground surface. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height in a given interval. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective elements are placed one above the other. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed without gaps. 5. The device according to claim. 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed at an equal height with equal intervals. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals. 7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals. 8. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals. 9. The device according to claim. 3, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the retroreflective elements are located on removable belts, freely mounted and fixed on the support. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed without gaps. 12. The device according to claim. 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed at an equal height with equal intervals. 13. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed at an equal height with arbitrary intervals. 14. The device according to claim. 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with equal intervals. 15. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed at an arbitrary height with arbitrary intervals. 16. The device according to claim. 10, characterized in that the belts with reflective elements are placed mixed, with and without gaps. 17. A method of increasing the safety of human movement, including the use of an additional movable support according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16.

Images