RU2744947C1 - Electromagnetic generator using solar panels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering; photoelectronics

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and photoelectronics. The generator of electromagnetic oscillations using solar panels consists of a set of photoconverters (photovoltaic cells), a control unit, a switching unit and allows obtaining periodic sinusoidal oscillations without using an inverter and a battery. To use the device in an unlit time of the day, the device can include a set of electric energy storage devices in the form of a capacitor bank or a battery pack, the capacity of which is significantly reduced.

EFFECT: enabling the generator to operate both without the use of energy storage devices, and with them, and the use of energy storage devices with low capacity is ensured.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

I. The field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and photoelectronics. The device is designed to generate sinusoidal electrical voltages using solar panels.

II. State of the art

II. 1 Comparison with prior art

Solar panels currently in use generate direct current electricity. A storage battery and an inverter are used to generate AC voltage, as shown in FIG. one.

FIG. 1 Installing power to solar panels

The proposed device allows you to generate AC electricity using standard solar panels, in the shape of a sinusoid, the oscillation frequency is set by the clock generator used in the device. The device can be connected to an industrial AC network as a generator of electricity, or it can be used autonomously to supply AC consumers in power supply networks, automation, robotics, "industrial Internet of things, IIOT" and machine-to-machine communication networks, M2M.

II. 2 Purpose of the invention

The aim of the invention is to develop a device for generating sinusoidal electrical voltages and currents using a panel on which photoconverters of light energy into electrical energy (photovoltaic or photoelectric converters) are located. The device can be used both when solar panels are illuminated with solar energy, and in the absence of such lighting. In the absence of lighting, oscillations are generated by using the energy stored in rechargeable or capacitor banks. When illuminating panels, solar energy is consumed both for generating oscillations and for charging storage or capacitor banks. The device can be used without the use of rechargeable batteries only when solar panels are illuminated with solar energy. Obtaining sinusoidal oscillations is achieved as a result of switching individual elements of the solar panel according to the scheme proposed in the work. The frequency of the generated voltage (current) is set by the clock pulse generator included in the control unit of the device. Amplitude current values are achieved as a result of parallel connection of photoconverters, peak voltage values are achieved as a result of series connection of individual solar panel elements into modules. The modules are connected to each other so as to obtain an approximation of the sinusoidal function of the output voltage by a sequence of impulse functions.

II. 3. Inventive level.

The proposed device for generating electromagnetic oscillations using solar panels differs from currently used devices in that it allows to remove alternating sinusoidal voltage directly from solar panels. For areas with guaranteed illumination of solar panels, the generation of a sinusoidal voltage is possible without the use of a battery and an inverter. To use the device during periods of lack of illumination of the solar panel requires the use of energy storage devices, such as a rechargeable battery or a capacitor bank of the required capacity. The technical requirements for the energy storage devices used in the device are significantly lower compared to the requirements for the storage battery used in the solution shown in the figure in FIG. 1. When dividing the period of the output voltage into 12 intervals, each energy storage device in the proposed device is used only for 1/6 of the period of the generated alternating voltage. As a result, the requirements for the energy consumption of the storage devices are reduced. 1/3 of the drives are calculated, designed and manufactured for a voltage equal to 1/3 of the output voltage amplitude, 1/3 of the drives are manufactured for a voltage equal to 2/3 of the output voltage amplitude and 1/3 of the drives are manufactured for a voltage equal to the amplitude output voltage. As a result of these factors, such indicators of drives as dimensions, weight, cost are reduced in comparison with the used drive shown in the figure in Fig. one.

The proposed device differs from the one described in [1] in that:

- solar panels are used as energy sources, consisting of the same type of photoconverters with the same voltage values of each source equal to Eel;

- using serial and parallel connections of photoconverters, modules are formed from photoconverters with the required value of current and voltage, the same value for each module. The voltage of one module is E = k =Eel, where k is the number of elements or groups of parallel-connected elements connected in series in the module. The number of elements in each group is determined by the required current value that must be obtained from the module;

- The modules are switched in accordance with the proposed scheme to obtain multiple values of the voltages E. 2E, 3E, -E, -2E, -3E. With the help of a switching unit containing controlled keys, the sources of electrical energy are connected in a predetermined sequence to the output poles of the device. The switching unit keys are controlled by the control unit. Electric energy is used as sources of electrical energy of the generator:

- obtained as a result of converting light energy falling on light panels into electrical energy

- electrical energy from storage batteries or a capacitor bank charged from the light panel.

Generation of electrical oscillations by the proposed device is possible without the use of storage batteries or a capacitor bank only when the solar panel is illuminated with solar energy. \

III. Disclosure of the essence of the invention

III. 1 Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions

FIG. 2 Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions

FIG. 2 shows a segment of a sinusoidal function with an amplitude E _m in the interval 0 ... 2π. Let us consider the section of this function on the interval 0 ... π / 2, which is approximated by a sequence of k pulse functions with multiple amplitude values E ₁ , 2E ₁ ... kE ₁ , where E ₁ is the amplitude value of the first pulse, E ₂ = 2E ₁ is the amplitude value of the second pulse , E _k = kE ₁ is the amplitude value of the pulse with the number k. Let the duration of each pulse TI be the same for all pulses and equal

Determination of the dependence of the amplitude of the sinusoid and the amplitude of the first pulse based on the equality of energies

We require that the area bounded by the sinusoidal function on the interval 0 ... π / 2 and the horizontal axis be equal on the same interval to the area equal to the sum of the areas of the impulse functions

Integral

From relations (2) and (3), we find an expression for the amplitude value of the first pulse:

для k=4 (n=16) получим

для k=6 (n=24) Е1=4/7π ~0.181For E _m = 1 and k = 3 (n = 12) we get

for k = 4 (n = 16) we get

for k = 6 (n = 24) Е1 = 4 / 7π ~ 0.181

Establishing the values of the pulse amplitudes for the case n = 12

Table 1 contains the values of the pulse amplitudes for each of the 12 intervals into which the sinusoidal function is divided. The first three pulses approximating the sinusoidal voltage of the first phase in the 0-T / 4 interval are shown in Fig. 2. It is accepted that the period of the sinusoidal function T is divided into 12 time intervals 1 ... 12.

The voltage values E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ are shown in the figure of FIG. 2.

III. 2. Block diagram of the device

The block diagram of the device is shown in Fig. 3.

FIG. 3 Block diagram

In the figure of FIG. 3 shows the following device blocks:

B1. Panel with a set of photoconverters;

B2. Energy storage unit. This can be either a battery pack or a capacitor bank of the required capacity.

B3. Control block. Provides cyclical, with a given period T, alternate supply of control pulses. Control pulses open electronic keys located in the switching unit. With the help of controlled keys, the energy sources are alternately connected to the output terminals of the device;

B4. Switching unit. Provides connection of electrical energy sources (photoconverters and / or energy storage devices) to the output terminals in accordance with the algorithm for obtaining a sinusoidal output voltage;

B5. Output transformer. Provides a change in the voltage (current) of the device to the required value.

In the figure of FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the device for the case when the period of the sinusoidal T is divided into n = 12 intervals of the same value TI = T / n. The figure shows the numbers of the nodes with which the blocks are connected to each other.

FIG. 4 Block diagram showing external poles

III. 3 Control unit

A schematic diagram of the control unit is shown in Fig. five

FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of the control unit

The B3 control unit is designed to form a cyclic sequence of rectangular control pulses with a period T. Control pulses control the opening of the power switches of the switching unit B4. Power switches are connected for a time interval TI in a predetermined sequence power sources to the output poses of the device. The sources of energy are photovoltaic converters of the solar battery and / or storage of electrical energy. The number of pulses in the period T is equal to n, the duration of one pulse is TI. The values of n and TI are selected based on considerations of ensuring the required approximation error of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of rectangular impulse functions and the cost of implementing the device. With increasing n and decreasing TI, the error decreases and the cost increases.

With the help of electronic keys located in the switching unit, the sources of electrical energy are connected at the times specified by the control unit in accordance with a given algorithm to the output poles of the switching unit. Switching is carried out in the open state of the key. The duration of the open state of each key is equal to TI. Discrete EMF values for specific k = 1 ... n, n = 12 are shown in Table 1. The unit is implemented on elements 1-7. It contains a clock pulse generator (GTI) 1, a logical element AND 2, a counter 3 of the number of pulses at a period T of a periodic function, a comparison circuit 4, a register 5, a decoder 7 with a number of outputs equal to n - the number of pulse functions at a period T. Starting work The device is supplied with a signal at input 6. At input 13, the code of the number of time intervals n is recorded. The GTI output 1 is connected to the first input of the AND element 2, the second input of which is connected to the first input 6 of the device, and the output to the first input of the counter 3, the output of which is connected to the input of the decoder 7 and to the first input of the comparison circuit 4, the second input of which is connected to the output of the register 5, and the output to the second input of the counter 3, the input of the register 5 is connected to the input 13 of the device, the outputs of the decoder 7 are connected to the inputs 81 ... 8n, with the help of which the control unit is connected to the switching unit.

III. 4 Switching unit

The schematic diagram of the switching unit for the case when the number of time slots n in the period T is 12 is shown in the figure of FIG. 6. FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the switching unit

Using the switching unit B4, voltage sources from photoconverters and / or energy storage units are connected at appropriate time intervals (k-1) TI≤t≤kTI, k = 1, 2, ... n to the output pole of unit 10 ₁ , pole 10 _{2 is} permanently connected to pole 0 of blocks B1 and B2. In the written expression, TI is the duration of the time interval of one voltage pulse, n is the number of time intervals in the period T, Switching is carried out using controlled electronic keys K1 ... K6. The pulses that control the open state of each electronic key come from the control unit via poles 8 ₁ ... 8 _n . The first pulse from the control unit enters the switching unit via pole 8 ₁ , the second pulse via pole 8 ₂ , etc.

In the schematic diagram, the input poles, from which the control pulses are received to open the electronic keys, are poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ . Poles 11 ₁ … 11 _{6 are used} to connect voltage sources E ₁ … E ₆ to the switching unit. In this case, the following designations are assumed: E ₄ = -E ₁ , E ₅ = -E ₂ , E ₆ = -E ₃ . Voltages E ₁ ... E ₆ are removed from poles 11 ₁ ... 11 ₆ and poles 0. Thus, voltage E ₁ is removed from poles 11 ₁ and 0, voltage E ₂ from poles 11 ² and 0, etc. Multiple values of voltages are accepted. The value of E _{1 is} determined by the voltage of one power module, E ₂ = 2E ₁ , E ₃ = 3E ₁ , E ₄ = -E ₁ , E ₅ = -E ₂ , E ₆ = -E ₃ . The output poles are 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ . Using the key K1, the source E _{1 is} connected to the output pole 10 ₁ at the first and sixth time intervals. This is achieved by the fact that the input of the key K1 receives control pulses from electrodes 8 ₁ and 8 ₆ through diodes D1,1 and D1,6, the input of the key K2 receives control pulses from electrodes 8 ₂ and 8 ₅ through diodes D _2,2 and D _2.5 , etc.

III. 3 Photoconverter unit, energy storage unit, diode unit

Individual elements of the panel are grouped into modules with the same output voltage equal to E ₁ . During the first time interval, see the drawing of FIG. 2, a photoconverter module with voltage E _{1 is} connected to the output of the device to pole 11 ₁ using a switching unit. In the second time interval, TI duration, two series-connected photoconverter modules with voltage E ₁ each are connected to the output terminals of the device to pole 11 _2. As a result, the voltage at the output terminals of the device during this time interval will be equal to E ₂ = 2E ₁ . In the third time interval of duration TI, three series-connected photoconverter modules are connected to the output terminals of the device to pole 11 _3. As a result, at the output of the device, at the third time interval, the duration TI will be the voltage E3 = 3E ₁ . At the fourth, fifth and sixth time intervals, the sources E ₃ , E ₂ , E _{1 are} connected to the poles 11 ₃ , 11 ₂ , 11 ₁ . Negative values of the output voltage are obtained by connecting the sources E ₄ , E ₅ , E ₆ to the output poles 11 ₄ , 11 ₅ , 11 ₆ . So, in the seventh time interval of duration TI, the source E4 = -E _{1 is connected to the pole 11 4} , in the eighth time interval the source E ₅ = -E _{2 is connected to the pole 11 5} , in the ninth time interval the source E ₆ = is _{connected to the pole 11 6} -E ₃ . At the tenth, eleventh and twelfth time intervals, the sources E ₄ , E ₅ , E _{6 are} connected to the poles 11 ₆ , 11 ₅ , 11 ₄ .

In the figure of FIG. 7 shows photoconverters P ₁₁ , P ₁₂ , ... P _1n , forming the first module of photo converters, P ₂₁ , P ₂₂ , ... P _2n , forming the second module of photo converters, ..., P ₆₁ , P ₆₂ , ..., P _6n , forming the sixth module of photo converters ... Each module is formed as a result of series-parallel connection of individual photoconverters. For example, one polycrystalline photoconverter with a luminous flux of 1.0 kW / m ^2, in accordance with the technical data given on the Molotok.ru website, is characterized by the following parameters:

Voltage: no-load - 0.55 V,

working - 0.5 V.

Current: short-circuit - 1.5 A,

worker - 1.2 A.

Working power - 0.62 W.

When ten photocells are connected in series, we get the operating voltage of one module 5 V, the operating power of one module will be 6.2 W. If in each group of photocells (P ₁₁ , P ₁₂ , etc.) their parallel connection is used, then the operating current and power of one module can be increased. So, if 10 photoconverters are connected in parallel, the operating current of the module will increase to 12 A, and the operating power to 62 W.

FIG. 7 Solar panel with energy storage

FIG. 8 Panel of photoconverters with energy storage and diode block

In the figure of FIG. 7 shows a block of photoconverters B1 and a block of energy storage devices B2. Battery units or capacitor units of the required capacity can be used as energy storage devices. Shown are drives C ₁₀ , C ₂₀ , C ₃₀ , C ₄₀ , C ₅₀ , C ₆₀ . The drive C _{10 is} connected to poles 11 ₁ and 0, C ₂₀ to poles 11 ₂ and 0, C ₃₀ to poles 11 ₃ and 0, C ₄₀ to poles 11 ₄ and 0, C ₅₀ to poles 11 ₅ and 0, C ₆₀ to poles 11 ₆ and 0.

In order to exclude the self-discharge of the energy storage through the photoconverters in the circuit of FIG. 7, semiconductor diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 are introduced. This is shown in the figure in FIG. 8.

The output poles of such a circuit are poles 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , 11 ₃ , 11 ₄ , 11 ₅ , 11 ₆ , and 0.

III. 4 Transformer

The output transformer, block B5, with a pole of 10 _{1 is} connected to the pole of the same name of the switching unit shown in the figure of FIG. 6, pole 10 _{2 is} connected to pole 0 of the block of energy sources shown in the figure of FIG. 4. The output poles of the transformer are 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ . The transformer is designed to obtain the required voltage value at the output of the device.

IV. Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 Installing power to solar panels

FIG. 2 Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions

FIG. 3 Block diagram of the device

FIG. 4 Block diagram showing external poles

FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of the control unit

FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the switching unit FIG. 7 Schematic diagram of the power supply unit for n = 12

FIG. 7 Solar panel with energy storage

FIG. 8 Panel of photoconverters with energy storage and diode block

V. Implementation of the invention

Description of the operation of the device. In the initial state, the code of the number of time intervals n is written on the register 5 at the input 13. The period of the sinusoidal function T is divided into this number of intervals when the sinusoidal function is approximated by a sequence of impulse functions. Counter 3 stores a zero code (the reset input to zero on counter 3 is not shown in Fig. 5). The operation of the device begins after a start signal is applied to the input 6 of the logical element AND 2. After the start signal is supplied, the pulses from the output of the clock pulse generator 1 through the open element And 2 begin to enter the input of the counter 3. The code from the output of the counter 3 enters the input of the decoder 7. the output of the decoder appears a single signal only at one of the p, p = 1 ... 12, of its outputs. A single signal at the p-th (p = 1 ... n) output of the decoder 7 is fed to the input of the switching unit by means of one of the poles 8 _p , p = 1 ... 12, which is connected to the control electrodes of the controlled keys K1 ... K6. The inputs of the controlled keys are connected by poles 11 _i , i = 1 ... 6, to the voltage sources E ₁ ... E ₆ , and the outputs of the keys to the output poles of the switching unit 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ .

In each time interval, only one DC voltage source from the set E ₁ ... E _{6 is} connected to each output pole of the switching unit 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ . The voltage values of the sources are equal to E ₁ = E, E ₂ = 2E, E ₃ = 3E, E ₄ = -E, E ₅ = -E ₂ = -2E, E ₆ = -E ₃ = -3E. In the schematic diagram of the switching unit, the figure in Fig. 6 are shown for the number of slots in the period T equal to n = 12. According to the table. 1, a first time slot to the pole on January ₁₀ connects a source of EMF E ₁ = E, the pole February ₁₀ connects pole 0. For the other slots 2 to 12 are defined analogously switching. To obtain voltages E ₂ and E ₃ , a series connection of sources of equal magnitude with voltage (modules) E is used. This is shown in the figure of FIG. 7.

Voltage E4 is removed from the EMF source with the value of voltage E when it is turned on inversely, i.e. E ₄ = -E. Voltages E ₅ and E ₆ are obtained as a result of a series connection of inverted sources with a voltage E. As a result, E ₄ = -E, E ₅ = -2E, E ₆ = -3E. This is shown in the figure in FIG. 7.

Connection of power supplies with voltages E ₁ ... E ₆ to the output poles of the switching unit 10 ₁ ... 10 _{2 is} carried out using controlled electronic keys. The signals that control the open state of the key at the moment of time TI = T / n come from the output of the decoder of the control unit by means of poles 8 ₁ ... 8 _n . The control unit sets the sequence of the control impulses. The control pulse from the 8 _j pulse shaper, j = 1 ... n, is followed by the control pulse from the 8 _{j + 1} pulse shaper, until j + 1 becomes equal to n. After the termination of the pulse from output 8 _n, pulse 8 _{1 is} turned on. In this case, the current value of the counter of the number of pulses 3 coincides with the number n set by input 13, the counter is reset to zero and the process is repeated.

The voltages taken from poles 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ are fed to the input of the transformer. The output poles of the transformer are 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ . The transformation ratio of the transformer is determined by the required value of the load voltage.

Vi. Literature

1. Patent No. 2016127384, IPC Н05В 1/00, 2017. Gavrilov L.P. Generator of a polyphase system EMF

Claims (20)

An electromagnetic oscillator using solar panels, whose operation is based on the approximation of a sinusoidal voltage function by a sequence of impulse functions, differs in that it contains: 1) a solar panel (B1), on which there are solar-to-DC converters (photovoltaic cells), the series-parallel connection of which makes it possible to obtain six groups of elements with the same group voltage values equal to E and the current required by the technical requirements, for this: - each group consists of a series connection of P _ij modules, where i = 1 ... 6 is the group number, j = 1 ... k, where k is the number of series-connected P _ij modules required to obtain the group voltage of the required value E; - each of the modules P _ij consists of parallel connected photovoltaic cells, their number is determined by the value of the rated current of the generator and the value of the rated current of one photovoltaic cell; - six groups of photovoltaic converter modules are connected to each other in series with the output of the midpoint of the connection, pole "ground" or 0; - the positive pole of the first group is connected to the negative pole of the second group, the point of their connection is the output pole of the first group (pole 11 ₁₁ ), the positive pole of the second group is connected to the negative pole of the third group, the point of their connection is the output pole of the second group (pole 11 ₂₁ ) , the positive pole of the third group is the output pole of the third group (pole 11 ₃₁ ), the positive pole of the fourth group is connected to the 0 pole, this pole is also the output pole of the solar panel, the negative pole of the fourth group is connected to the positive pole of the fifth group, their connection point is the output the pole of the fourth group (pole 11 ₄₁ ), the negative pole of the fifth group is connected to the positive pole of the sixth group, the point of their connection is the output pole of the fifth group (pole 11 ₅₁ ), the negative pole of the sixth group is the output pole of the sixth group (pole 11 ₆₁ ); - the output poles of the first, second and third groups (poles 11 ₁₁ , 11 ₂₁ , 11 ₃₁ ) have a positive potential with respect to pole 0, the output poles of the fourth, fifth and sixth groups (poles 11 ₄₁ , 11 ₅₁ , 11 ₆₁ ) have a negative potential with respect to poles 0; 2) six accumulators of electrical energy С ₁₀ ... С ₆₀ (storage batteries, supercapacitors (supercapacitors) - block B2), the block includes six diodes (D1 ... D6), the following commutations are used to implement this block: - the anodes of the first, second and third diodes (diodes D1, D2, D3) are connected to the output poles of the first, second and third groups of modules (poles 11 ₁₁ , 11 ₂₁ , 11 _{31), the cathodes of these diodes are connected to the output poles of the solar panel (poles} 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , 11 ₃ ), the cathodes of the fourth, fifth and sixth diodes (diodes D4, D5, D6) are connected to the output poles of the fourth, fifth and sixth groups of modules (poles 11 ₄₁ , 11 ₅₁ , 11 _{61), the anodes of these} diodes are connected to the output poles of the solar panel (poles 11 ₄ , 11 ₅ , 11 ₆ ); - to the first, second and third output poles of the solar panel (poles 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , 11 ₃ ) energy storage devices C ₁₀ , C ₂₀ , C ₃₀ are connected so that the positive pole of the first storage device C _{10 is} connected to the output pole 11 ₁ , positive the pole of the second drive C _{20 is} connected to the output pole 11 ₂ , the positive pole of the third drive C _{30 is} connected to the output pole 11 ₃ , the negative poles of these drives are connected to the "ground" or 0 pole, - to the fourth, fifth and sixth output poles of the solar panel (poles 11 ₄ , 11 ₅ , 11 ₆ ) energy storage devices C ₄₀ , C ₅₀ , C ₆₀ are connected so that the positive poles of these storage devices are connected to the pole "ground" or 0, negative the pole of the fourth storage C _{40 is} connected to the fourth pole of the solar panel 11 ₄ , the negative pole of the fifth storage C _{50 is} connected to the fifth pole of the solar panel 11 ₅ , the negative pole of the sixth storage C _{60 is} connected to the sixth pole of the solar panel 11 ₆ ; 3) the control unit (B3) by means of the output poles (poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ ) is connected to the switching unit, the control unit consists of a clock pulse generator (GTI) (1), an I element (2), a pulse counter (3), comparison circuit (4), register (5), device start button (6), decoder (7). input for setting the number of time intervals (13), the GTI output (1) is connected to the first input of the I element (2), the device start button (6) is connected to the second input of the I element (2), the output of the I element (2) is connected to the first the input of the counter (3), the output of which is connected to the input of the decoder (7) and to the first input of the comparison circuit (4,) the output of the comparison circuit (4) is connected to the second input of the counter (3), a register is connected to the second input of the comparison circuit (4) (5), at the input (13) of which the number of time intervals n is entered in the period T, from the output of the counter (3) the pulses arrive at the input of the decoder (7), the output poles (8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ ) of the decoder (7) are connected to the control the electrodes of the controlled keys K1 ... K6 of the switching unit; 4) The switching unit (B4) using poles 0 and 11 _i , i = 1 ... 6, is connected to the solar panel, voltage pulses from which are fed to the inputs of six controlled keys K1 ... K6, the outputs of these keys are connected to the output poles of the switching unit ( poles 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ ), the controlled keys are opened using control signals coming from the output poles of the control unit (poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ ) through 12 diodes, D _{p, s} , p = 1 ... 6, s = 1 ... 12 , so that: • the control electrode of the key K1 receives control signals from the first output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₁ ) via diode D _1.1 and from the sixth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₆ ) via diode D _1.6 ; • control signals are sent to the control electrode of the key K2 from the second output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₂ ) via diode D _2.2 and from the fifth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₅ ) via diode D _2.5 , • the control electrode of the K3 key receives control signals from the third output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₃ ) via diode D _3.3 and from the fourth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₄ ) via diode D _3.4 ; • the control electrode of the K4 key receives control signals from the seventh output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₇ ) via diode D _4.7 and from the twelfth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₁₂ ) via diode D _4.12 ; • the control electrode of the K5 key receives control pulses from the eighth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₈ ) via diode D _5.8 and from the eleventh output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₁₁ ) via diode D _5.11 ; • the control electrode of the K6 key receives control pulses from the ninth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₉ ) via diode D _6.9 and from the tenth output pole of the control unit (pole 8 ₁₀ ) via diode D _6.10 ; 5) by the terminals of the primary coil, the output transformer (B5) is connected to the switching unit (poles 10 ₁ and 10 ₂ ), a periodic sequence of pulses is removed from the poles of the output coil (poles (12 ₁ and 12 ₂ ), approximating the sinusoidal function of the output voltage of the required amplitude and frequency ...

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