RU2744225C1 - Method of low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste and installation for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organic solid waste processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention is aimed at expanding the technological possibilities of using a method for low-temperature processing of organic solid waste, including solid municipal waste with various physical and mechanical characteristics. The method of low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste is implemented in a tubular reactor with a screw-shaped conveying body at a temperature of up to 400-4500 ºC, in a medium of a circulating heat carrier and the corresponding decomposition of organic components into black carbon, liquid hydrocarbon fuel, industrial water and synthetic hydrocarbon gas. The novelty of the method is that thermolysis includes classification of materials into coarse-grained and fine-grained fractions, while ensuring sealing of the compacted charge infeed and outfeed; creation of controlled high-speed modes of movement of the heat-treated charge in the thermolysis reactor; the return of the heat carrier from the zone of vapor and gas mixture emission to the zone of destruction of raw materials in the steam form, and at the end of the process, the introduction of water into the cooling zone of the final product, which promotes the opening of pores and desorption of hydrocarbons. To implement the method, an installation is proposed, comprising a tubular reactor with a combined screw-shaped conveying body of continuous action, sealing infeed and outfeed devices, devices for cleaning, cooling and condensing the vapor-gas mixture. The sealing feeder-gate on the infeed of the installation is made in the form of a feeder with an internal screw-shaped working body tilted at an angle of b = 20-45⁰ to the horizon. The screw-shaped conveying body consists of three parts, located in three zones, respectively. The part of the screw-shaped conveying body, located in the material infeed zone, is made in the form of an auger with installed in pairs multidirectional double-helical blades, and the conical part of the device located in the outfeed zone is made in the form of a conical auger with a pitch that gets smaller as the outfeeding progresses. On the outer surface of the double-helical blades, along their perimeter, a perforated classifying body is fixed. In the outfeed area of coarse-grained and screened out fine-grained material, a sealing feeder-gate with convex plates is installed. The rotor of the sealing feeder-gate is displaced relative to the center of the feeder along the central axis of the feeding branch pipe of fine-grained material. The outfeeding feeder-seal, installed at the outlet of the tubular thermolysis reactor with a screw-shaped conveying body, is made in the form of a two-turn gripping blade located in a cylindrical body mated with its conical part. A sealing screw device is placed inside the conical part of the body in such a way that the screw blade with a smaller diameter is mated with outfeeding single-thread helical blades of constant diameter. The blades are located in a cylindrical body and are rotated relative to each other in the direction of movement of the material.

EFFECT: technical outcome of implementing the method carried out with the help of the proposed installation is to provide a highly efficient process for processing organic SMW with various physical and mechanical characteristics and physical and chemical properties, while eliminating the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. In addition, the quality of products obtained as a result of its implementation is improved.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the chemical, petrochemical, woodworking and thermal power industries, as well as to the housing and communal services associated with the complex processing of organic solid municipal waste, rubber, polymer, pulp and paper, wood, etc.

There is a known method for thermolysis processing of organo-mineral products - "Method for processing carbon-containing substances by steam thermolysis" [RU patent for invention No. 2627107, IPC C08J 11/14, C10B 53/07, published 05/31/2017, bull. No. 16], containing a thermolysis reactor, means for loading crushed waste of carbonaceous substances into the reactor, and a screw conveyor for unloading carbon. However, the disadvantage of this method is the complexity of implementation due to the large number of stages of technological processes and the impossibility of being used for processing solid organic materials by thermolysis.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype is the patent for the invention "Process and installation for the processing of rubber waste", [patent RU No. 2460743, IPC С08J 11/20, С08L 21/00, published on November 27, 2011], providing for thermolysis processing of rubber crumbs at a temperature of 350-400 ⁰ С in an environment of a circulating superheated and evaporated heat carrier at a pressure close to atmospheric. Thermolysis products are carbon black, synthetic oil and hydrocarbon gas. Rubber waste is processed in a cylindrical thermolysis reactor with a spiral conveying body. The resulting products in the reactor are blown through with air, which is a coolant.

The following set of prototype features coincides with the essential features of the invention in terms of the method: thermolysis processing of organic material - rubber waste at temperatures up to 400 ⁰ C in a reactor with a spiral conveying body.

The disadvantages of the known method include the fact that this method and installation cannot provide high quality of the resulting products, primarily during thermolysis processing of organic solid municipal waste - MSW (polymer-containing, pulp and paper, wood, etc.), which have unstable physical and mechanical characteristics: dimensions, shape, density, moisture, flowability, etc.), as well as physical and chemical properties. Rubber waste (after crushing - rubber crumb) is more stable in its characteristics and makes it easier to control the thermolysis process than when using various organic MSW. In addition, due to the specific features of MSW (their low initial density, frequently changing composition, low flowability of the charge, the difficulty of ensuring the tightness of the thermolysis reactor to exclude the entry of air oxygen into it from the atmosphere), all this does not allow obtaining high-quality products: carbon black, liquid carbon fuels and syngas.

There are also known devices that ensure the processing of household and industrial organic waste and the production of hydrocarbons, for example, a patent for the invention "Method and device for processing household and industrial organic waste" [RU patent for invention No. 2392543, IPC F23G 5/027, F23G 5/20, publ. 20.06.2010 bul. No. 17] The disadvantages of the analogue are the low quality of the products obtained during the processing of bulk materials, primarily solid municipal waste, with different physical and mechanical characteristics: granulometry, shape, size, flowability, etc., which is typical for organic solid municipal waste subject to thermal processing , incl. rubber and polymer waste. Also, the impossibility of obtaining high-quality products at the installation.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed installation is "Installation for waste disposal" taken as a prototype [RU patent for invention No. 2667398, IPC F 23G 5/027, publ. 19.09.2018, bul. No. 26], containing a pyrolysis (thermolysis) reactor with sluice loading and unloading devices, the internal volume of which is equipped with a continuous mixing device made in the form of a screw with scrapers cleaning it, and the outlet of the pyrolysis chamber is connected to an unloading device including a screw conveyor.

With the features of the prototype, in terms of the installation, the following set of features coincides: the presence of loading and unloading sealing devices of the thermolysis tubular reactor, inside which there is a transporting and mixing organ of continuous action.

The disadvantages of the installation are the limited technological capabilities of the installation for thermolysis processing of organic municipal waste with different physical and mechanical characteristics, which cause low product quality, due to the lack of the possibility of complete sealing of the reactor with unstable characteristics of the processed MSW: fractional composition, flowability, humidity, heterogeneity of components, their density, morphology, etc., which is typical for TCR; the difficulty of providing highly efficient heat and mass transfer in a tubular reactor when using a screw transporting body in it, with varying, along the length of the reactor, physical parameters of the material: density, mobility, liquid phase content due to the destruction of hydrocarbons, etc.

The invention is aimed at expanding technological capabilities in the implementation of the method of thermolysis processing of organic solid waste, in particular, municipal solid waste with various physical and mechanical characteristics, using the proposed installation and improving the quality of the resulting product.

The proposed method for low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste at temperatures up to 450 ⁰ C allows you to obtain high-quality products: carbon black, liquid carbon fuel and synthetic gas in a circulating hydrocarbon coolant - superheated and evaporated steam and the corresponding decomposition of organic components. The method makes it possible to use the processed organic MSW of various morphological composition and physical composition: small-sized polymer, wood, pulp and paper, mechanical rubber goods and other waste in a loose or compacted state during thermal and moisture treatment with binders.

The task is solved by carrying out the technological preparation of bulk media, including the classification of pre-crushed small-sized materials or compacted bodies of a polyfractional composition into coarse-grained and fine-grained fractions; sealing the processes of loading and unloading the compacted charge by methods of forming separate material flows of various fractional composition: dense packing of grains of the charge by vibration action on them or, heat treatment of low-melting components of the compacted layer with exhaust gases, as well as creating controlled high-speed modes of movement of the heat-treated charge in a thermolysis reactor, return from zones of steam and gas release of the coolant and additional injection of the sprayed liquid phase (water) into the zone of destruction of raw materials to intensify heat and mass transfer and reduce oxidative processes. Ensuring uniform loading of the compacted raw charge and unloading of finished products in a given range of varying technological parameters from the thermolysis reactor, sealing of its loading and unloading devices, stabilize the high-speed modes of movement of heat-treated materials, which improves the quality of the resulting product. In addition, the return of the coolant from the vapor-gas release zone to the heat and mass transfer process and the additional introduction of the sprayed liquid phase into the raw material cooling zone intensifies heat and mass transfer, which excludes oxidative processes leading to the ignition of the oxygen-containing medium. The method of low-temperature processing of organic MSW is carried out at temperatures up to 450 ⁰ С, which allows to obtain a higher yield of liquid products and a lower yield of hydrocarbon gas.

To implement the described method, a plant has been developed that contains a tubular reactor with a continuous screw-shaped conveying body, sealing loading and unloading devices; devices for purification, cooling and condensation of the vapor-gas mixture in which the loading feeder-sealant-gate is made in the form of a feeder inclined at an angle α = 20-45 ⁰ to the horizon with an internal screw-shaped working body, consisting of three parts located, respectively, in three zones: the part of the screw-shaped working body, located in the material loading zone, is made in the form of a screw with a constant pitch, the middle, cylindrical part of the device is made in the form of pairwise installed, multidirectional two-start helical blades, and the conical part of the device located in the unloading zone is made in the form of a conical the auger, while on the outer surface of the two-start helicoidal blades, along their perimeter, a perforated classifying body is fixed, located in the area of unloading fine-grained material; in the lower part of the loading device, in the area of unloading coarse-grained and screened out fine-grained material, a sealing feeder-seal-shutter with arcuate blades is installed, and the unloading feeder-sealant, installed at the outlet of a tubular reactor with a combined conveying body, is made in the form of fixed on the drive shaft a separate drive, a two-turn gripping blade located in a cylindrical body mated with a conical part.

The technical result from the implementation of the method of low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste, carried out using the proposed installation, is to provide a highly efficient process for the processing of organic MSW with various physical and mechanical characteristics and physicochemical properties, obtaining marketable products from waste (carbon black, liquid hydrocarbon fuel and syngas) while avoiding the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, which keeps the environment clean. In addition, the quality of products obtained as a result of its sale is improved.

The alleged invention is illustrated in the drawings, where

in fig. 1 shows a general diagram of a thermolysis plant for the processing of organic solid municipal waste;

in fig. 2 - loading feeder-sealant-shutter of the installation;

in fig. 3 is a diagram of the arrangement of two-start helical blades of the loading feeder in a cylindrical body, section A-A in FIG. 2;

in fig. 4 - sealing pendulum elements of the unloading body;

in fig. 5 - a sealing drum feeder-gate with arcuate blades;

in fig. 6 - unloading feeder sealant;

in fig. 7 - section b-b in fig. 6

The installation contains a receiving hopper with a built-in loading feeder-seal-lock 1 (figure 1). Tubular reactor for thermolysis of organic municipal waste 2. Inside the tubular reactor for thermolysis of organic municipal waste there is a screw-shaped transporting working body of continuous action 3, kinematically connected to a gear motor 4. The screw-shaped transporting working body of continuous action 3 is made of three parts: in the zone of supply and heating of the compacted raw material - in the form of a belt screw feeder 5, in the destruction zone of the intermediate viscous-liquid product - in the form of a segmented spiral transporting body 6, and in the cooling zone of the final product - in the form of a cantilever spiral 7. The reactor has a heating jacket 8, including a choke flue gas outlet 9. Gas-liquid burner 10 and chimney 11. Filter for cleaning the vapor-gas mixture 12, the column for cooling and condensation of the vapor-gas mixture 13 (figure 1). The column contains a light hydrocarbon fuel pickup 14, a service water pickup 15, a dark hydrocarbon fuel pickup 16, a condenser 17, a heat exchanger 18, a hydrocarbon gas outlet 19. A tubular thermolysis reactor 2 is mated with a cylindrical body 20 of the seal 21 discharge feeder, which includes includes a two-turn gripping blade 22, a conical body 23, with a sealing screw device 24 installed in it. The conical body 23 is mated on a smaller diameter to the cylindrical body of the unloading part 25, where the unloading single-thread helical blades 26 are located, which are kinematically connected to the gear motor 27. The tubular thermolysis reactor has a connection for inlet of service water 28 supplied by a pump 29, a connection for extracting steam 30 and a connection for supplying steam 31. (Fig. 1)

FIG. 2 shows the loading feeder-sealant-gate of organic solid municipal waste of the installation for the implementation of the method of low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste. The loading feeder-seal-gate 1 includes a belt feeder 32, a receiving hopper 33 with an auger 34 located inside (with a constant pitch), inclined at an angle α = 20 ÷ 45⁰to the horizon. On the drive shaft of the auger 35, in the cylindrical part 36 of the body of the loading feeder-sealant-gate, there are fixed, in pairs, installed, multidirectional, two-way helical blades 37, 38, with an opening angle ϕ_one= ϕ₂= 90⁰rotated relative to each other by an angle ξ_one= 70-120⁰, (Fig. 3). The surface of the blades is made of rods 39, the working side of which is from the cylindrical surface covered with solid plates 40 h height_pl= (0.15 ÷ 0.3) r_{in l} where r_{in l}- the radius of the helical blades (Fig. 2,3). On the outer surface of the blades 37, 38, along their perimeter, a perforated classifying body 41 is fixed, located in the area of unloading fine-grained material (Fig. 2).

In the unloading housing of fine-grained material 42, a transport plate 43 is hinged inside (at point 0), which provides a directed unloading of material through the sealing pendulum elements 44 (Figs. 2, 4).

In the conical part 45 of the housing 42, there is a sealing screw 46 with a decreasing pitch towards the material discharge side (Fig. 2). In the lower part of the unloading cylindrical nozzle of coarse-grained material 47 and the unloading body of fine-grained material 42, there is a sealing feeder-gate 48 with arcuate plates 49, at the ends of which elastic plates 50 are fixed (Fig. 2, 5), inclined in the direction opposite to the movement of the material. In this case, the feed rotor with the blades of the sealing drum feeder-compactor is displaced relative to the center of the feeder downward, along the central axis of the loading branch pipe of fine-grained material 51, by the eccentricity value ℮ = (0.05 ÷ 0.1) R _ln , where R _ln Is the radius of the feeder blades. In the loading nozzle of fine-grained material 51 and the discharge cylindrical nozzle of coarse-grained material 47, elastic guide plates 52 and 53 are fixed, and on the lateral side of the gate-feeder 48, in the area of unloading of fine-grained material, a spring-loaded and connected to a vibrator is fixed (not shown in the figure), arcuate plate 54.

=0,2÷0,35, где D,d – соответственно больший и меньший диаметр конического корпуса, l – длина корпуса. Конический корпус, по меньшему диаметру d, сопряжен с цилиндрическим корпусом выгрузочной части 25, где расположены выгрузочные однозаходные винтовые лопасти 26, с углом раскрытия винтовой поверхности Ψ₁=Ψ₂=Ψ₃=Ψ₄=180⁰ и повернутыми относительно друг друга на угол ξ₂=90-140⁰ по ходу движения материала (фиг. 7).The unloading feeder-compactor 21 (Fig. 1, 6), installed behind the screw-shaped conveying working body of continuous action 7 of the tubular thermolysis reactor 2, is made in the form of a two-turn gripping blade 22 mounted on the drive shaft from a separate drive, installed in a cylindrical body 20, mated , with a conical body 23, with a screw sealing device 24 installed in it. The taper of the body 23 is

= 0.2 ÷ 0.35, where D, d - respectively larger and smaller diameter of the conical body, l - body length. The conical body, along the smaller diameter d, is mated with the cylindrical body of the unloading part 25, where the unloading single-threaded helical blades 26 are located, with an opening angle of the helical surface Ψ ₁ = Ψ ₂ = Ψ ₃ = Ψ ₄ = 180 ⁰ and rotated relative to each other at an angle ξ ₂ = 90-140 ⁰ in the direction of movement of the material (Fig. 7).

Tubular reactor for thermolysis of organic municipal waste, loading and unloading feeders operate as follows.

The original organic solid municipal waste in a pre-crushed (or pre-compacted-compressed) state, in the form of separate conglomerates of a polyfractional composition, is loaded by a belt feeder 32 into a receiving hopper 33 and using a screw feeder 34 installed in it with a constant pitch on a drive shaft 35 and inclined at an angle α = 20 ÷ 45 ⁰ , are fed into the cylindrical part 36 of the housing of the feeder-seal-shutter, Fig. 2. The specified angle α = 20 ÷ 45 ⁰ is determined by the flowability of the processed material and the values of the coefficients of internal friction of its components or conglomerates. With the help of pairwise installed multidirectional two-start helicoidal blades 37, 38, with an opening angle ϕ ₁ = ϕ ₂ = 90 ⁰ and rotated relative to each other by an angle ξ ₁ = 70-120 ⁰ , internal recycling (movement of the material of a polyfractional composition) between two oppositely directed helicoidal blades, for example 37 and 38, along the inner side surface of the perforated classifying body 41, fixed along the outer contour of these blades. The execution of the blades from the rods 39, on the working surface of which are fixed from the cylindrical surface of the body, solid plates 40, provides a greater intensity of the classifying and mixing action when moving the material. The height of the plate is H _pl = (0.15 ÷ 0.3) r _v.l, where r _v.l is the radius of the helical blades, which provides a reliable grip of the material in a given range and its movement in the working space.

The opening angle of the helical surfaces ϕ ₁ = ϕ ₂ = ϕ ₃ = ϕ ₄ = 90 ⁰ , provides complete overlap of the section of the mesh body (360 ⁰ ) when the blades are rotated relative to each other at an angle ξ ₁ = 70-90 ⁰ , (Fig. 3) ... The range of varying angles ξ ₁ allows you to change the speed of advancement of classified materials along the mesh surface, depending on the size, moisture, flowability, granulometry, and other indicators of the processed materials.

Fine-grained material, after classification, enters the unloading zone through the unloading body of fine-grained material 42, and coarse-grained material is compacted in the conical body 45 of the device by means of a tapered compaction screw 46 with a decreasing pitch towards the unloading side. Through the unloading cylindrical nozzle of coarse-grained material 47, the compacted coarse-grained material, together with fine-grained material from the unloading housing of fine-grained material 42, enter the sealing feeder-gate 48 with arcuate blades 49 (Figs. 2, 5). At the ends of the blades, removable elastic plates 50 are fixed, inclined to the side opposite to the movement of the material, which prevents the blades from jamming in the housing and reduces their wear. To ensure the directional movement of coarse-grained and fine-grained materials in the zone of their further compaction, elastic plates 52 and 53 are installed, respectively. To prevent hanging of materials, rotating arcuate blades act on these plates, shaking the material on them. To improve the conditions for the compaction of materials moving along the plates 52 and 53 (Fig. 5), the rational use of the working space of the sealing feeder-gate 48, its rotor with blades is displaced relative to the center of the feeder down along the central axis of the loading nozzle of fine-grained material 51. The selected range of eccentricity ensures that the above conditions. In addition, the direction of the flow of the compacted fine-grained material, with a minimum porosity of the layer, from the discharge housing of the fine-grained material 42 into the tapering space - between the elastic plate 52 and the spring-loaded vibrating arcuate plate 54 - provides a sufficiently high sealing of the drum feeder-gate 48, and, m .about., minimizes the ingress of oxygen in the air into the tubular thermolysis reactor.

The method of thermolysis processing of organic solid municipal waste is implemented as follows.

Organic solid municipal waste with various physical and mechanical characteristics (shape, size, density, moisture, flowability, etc.) in a pre-crushed state in the form of small lumpy materials or compacted bodies of a polyfractional composition are fed into the loading feeder-seal-gate 1, after passing through fall into the tubular reactor of thermolysis of organic municipal waste 2. The movement of raw materials in the reactor occurs with the help of a screw-shaped transporting working body of continuous action 3, rotated by a gear motor 4. As the raw material moves in the tubular reactor of thermolysis of organic municipal waste 2 under the influence of temperature and without access to oxygen air, a thermal destruction reaction takes place. As a result of this reaction, a vapor-gas mixture and solid carbon products are formed. The vapor-gas mixture, having passed through the filter for cleaning the vapor-gas mixture 12 and the heat exchanger 18, enters the cooling and condensation column of the vapor-gas mixture 13. Condenser 17 condenses the liquid hydrocarbons in the vapor state. Light hydrocarbon fuel is taken from the light hydrocarbon fuel take-off nozzle 14 and sent to the gas-liquid burner 10, where the hydrocarbon gas taken from the hydrocarbon gas outlet nozzle is sent there 19. The burner heat is supplied to the heating jacket 8. Flue gases are removed from the heating jacket 8 through the outlet nozzle flue gases 9 into the chimney 11. Process water is partially supplied through the industrial water inlet 28 by means of the pump 29 to the cooling zone of the final product, and partially taken from the industrial water outlet 15 into the storage tank and further use for internal plant needs ... The steam generated during the cooling of the final product is removed through the steam extraction nozzle 30 and is directed to the destruction zone of the intermediate viscous-liquid product through the steam supply nozzle 31 to intensify the process. Dark hydrocarbon fuel is collected from the dark hydrocarbon fuel extraction nozzle 16 into a storage tank and further sold to the consumer. The cantilevered spiral 7 provides a mobile transportation of the solid product - carbon black into the cylindrical body 20 of the unloading feeder-compactor 21. Further, the solid product is advanced by a two-turn gripping screw blade 22, which provides product injection into the conical body 23 with a helical sealing blade 24. This ensures sealing unloading feeder of the compactor. To stabilize the process of unloading the compacted end product in the cylindrical body of the unloading part 25 mated with the conical sealing device, unloading single-threaded helical blades 26 are installed on the drive shaft. Solid carbon products removed from the thermolysis tubular reactor using the unloading feeder of the compactor are sent for further sale to the consumer.

At the first stage, in the zone of feeding compacted raw materials, a belt screw feeder is used - (Fig. 1), installed in the tubular reactor body - axially (eccentrically) - with an offset axis of the drive shaft in the lower semicircle. The developed working surface of the screw tape of the feeder, which increases in the direction of movement of the material, its step, as well as the volume of space under the feeder, in comparison with the screw conveyor of the prototype, eliminates clogging of the interturn space of the feeder with compacted material, ensures its accelerated output to the destruction zone, and the increased space under the feeder (due to its eccentric location in the reactor vessel) increases the intensity of thermal heating and steam removal from the moistened raw material.

At the second stage - in the zone of destruction of organic solid municipal waste (Fig. 1), taking into account the decreasing volume of the material and its viscous-liquid state, respectively, increased adhesion with the working surface of the screw-shaped transporting working body of continuous action, the latter is made in the form of a segment-spiral transporting organ.

The step-by-step fastening of the reinforcing segments to the spiral turns provides an elastic-rigid state of the feeder, excludes sticking of its turns with an adhesive material, and also provides sufficient reliability against deformation loads during material transformation.

The use at the third stage of the thermolysis treatment of organic MSW, in the cooling zone, of a continuous screw-shaped conveying body in the form of a cantilevered spiral 7 (Fig. 1) provides a mobile transportation of a solid product - carbon black to the unloading feeder and a compactor (Fig. 6).

The use of the specified combined combination of transporting bodies: tape, segment-spiral and spiral (installed cantilever) in a tubular reactor for thermolysis of organic municipal waste, takes into account the real conditions for processing organic MSW: varying density and volume of heat-treated material along the length of the reactor, increased steam removal at the first stage and intensive destruction of hydrocarbon raw materials - on the second, significant dynamic loads during the transportation of material in the first two stages and their reduction at the last stage of cooling the porous product, etc.

The proposed technological and technical solutions help to increase the efficiency of the thermolysis method at each stage of processing organic MSW, prevent the formation of "plugs" from the compacted material, and, consequently, - the creation of zones of increased pressure along the length of the reactor, which ultimately stabilizes the process of heat treatment of raw materials with different physical and mechanical characteristics, increases the productivity of the thermolysis tubular reactor and the process as a whole, and also improves the quality of the resulting marketable product.

=0,2÷0,35, где D,d – соответственно больший и меньший диаметр конического корпуса, l – длина корпуса.(фиг.1)Taking into account the reduced volume of the finished product in comparison with the initial volume of raw materials, a two-turn gripping screw blade 22 is installed in the cylindrical (transitional part between the tubular thermolysis reactor and the unloading feeder), which provides product injection into the conical body 23 with the helical sealing blade 24. This ensures sealing of the unloading feeder of the seal. To ensure the possibility of varying the degree of compaction of the product, respectively, the sealing of the device, it is necessary to observe the specified taper

= 0.2 ÷ 0.35, where D, d - respectively larger and smaller diameter of the conical body, l - body length. (Fig. 1)

To stabilize the process of unloading the compacted end product in the cylindrical body of the unloading part 25 mated with the conical sealing device, unloading single-threaded helical blades 26 are installed on the drive shaft with an opening angle of the screw surface Ψ ₁ = Ψ ₂ = Ψ ₃ = Ψ ₄ = 180 ⁰ (Fig. 7 ).

To provide additional sealing of the unloading device and uniform unloading of marketable products, the blades are rotated relative to each other, in the direction of material movement, at an angle ξ ₂ = 90-140 ⁰ . The specified range of angles ξ ₂ provides (Fig. 7) additional sealing of the assembly and uniform discharge of the material compacted in the conical seal.

The proposed method and installation for thermolysis processing of organic solid municipal waste provides a low-temperature and highly efficient method for processing organic MSW with various physical and mechanical characteristics and physicochemical properties, obtaining marketable products from waste (carbon black, liquid hydrocarbon fuel and synthetic gas), with the exception of emission of pollutants into the atmosphere.

Thus, the problem facing the invention has been solved.

Claims (7)

1. A method for low-temperature processing of organic solid municipal waste by thermolysis in a tubular reactor with a screw-shaped conveying body at temperatures up to 400-450 ° C in a circulating coolant medium and the corresponding decomposition of organic components into carbon black, liquid hydrocarbon fuel, industrial water and synthetic hydrocarbon gas, characterized in that the thermolysis of organic solid municipal waste includes the technological preparation of bulk media, which consists in the classification of pre-crushed small-sized materials or compacted bodies of a polyfractional composition into coarse-grained and fine-grained fractions while ensuring the sealing of the loading and unloading of the compacted charge, as well as creating controlled speed modes the movement of the heat-treated charge in the thermolysis reactor and the return of the coolant from the zone of steam-gas release to the zone of destruction of raw materials in the form of steam to intensify the heat scrap exchange and to reduce oxidative processes, and at the end of the process, introducing water into the cooling zone of the final product, which promotes the opening of pores and desorption of hydrocarbons. 2. Installation for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing a tubular reactor with a screw-shaped conveying body of continuous action and with sealing loading and unloading devices; devices for purification, cooling and condensation of the vapor-gas mixture, characterized in that the loading feeder-seal-shutter is made in the form of a feeder with an axis of inclination to the horizon at an angle of α = 20-45 °, equipped with an internal screw-shaped combined conveying body, consisting of three parts, placed , respectively, in three zones: the part of the screw-shaped conveying body, located in the material loading zone, is made in the form of a screw with a constant pitch, the middle part, located in the cylindrical body, is made in the form of paired multidirectional two-way helical blades with an opening angle ϕ_one= ϕ₂= 90 ° helical surface, rotated relative to each other at an angle ξ_one= 70-120 °, and the part of the conveying body located in the unloading zone, located in the conical body, is made in the form of a conical auger with a pitch decreasing towards the unloading side, while on the outer surface of the double-start helicoidal blades, along the perimeter, a perforated classifying body is fixed located in the area of unloading fine-grained material; in the lower part of the loading device, in the area of unloading coarse-grained and screened out fine-grained material, a sealing feeder-gate with arcuate blades is installed, the rotor of which is displaced relative to the center of the feeder downward, along the central axis of the loading branch pipe of fine-grained material, by the amount of eccentricity ℮ = (0.05 ÷ 0,1) R_lpwhere R_lp- radius of the feeder blades; in addition, a spring-loaded arcuate plate connected to a vibrator is fixed on the side of the body of the gate-feeder with arcuate plates, in the area of unloading fine-grained material; and the unloading feeder-seal installed at the outlet of the tubular reactor with a combined conveying body is made in the form of a two-turn gripping blade fixed on the drive shaft from a separate drive, located in a cylindrical body, mated with its conical part and installed inside the conical part of the body by a sealing screw device such in such a way that the smaller-diameter helical blade of the latter is coupled with unloading single-threaded helical blades of constant diameter located in a smaller cylindrical body of the unloading feeder-compactor, while helical blades of constant diameter are rotated relative to each other by an angle ξ₂= 90-140 ° in the direction of movement of the material, and the opening angle of their helical surface is Ψ_one= Ψ₂= Ψ₃= 180 °. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that at the beginning of the thermal destruction section in the cylindrical body of the tubular reactor, a water vapor injection nozzle is installed to intensify heat and mass transfer processes. 4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the surfaces of the two-start helical blades of the loading device are made of rods, the working surface of which from the side of the cylindrical body is covered with solid metal plates with a height h _pl = (0.15 ÷ 0.3) r _vl , where r _vl - radius of the helical blades. 5. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that in the cylindrical part of the loader body, after the screw feeder, on its shaft, unidirectional, towards the unloading side, two-way helical helical blades with a solid working surface are installed, rotated relative to each other in the direction of movement material at an angle β = 90 °, for the use of a heterogeneous, moist and low-flowing mass of processed waste in a crushed state. 6. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the screw-shaped transporting working body of continuous operation of the thermolysis reactor is located in the tubular body axially relative to the central axis in the lower semicircle and is represented by a combined propeller made in the zone of feeding compacted raw materials in the form of a belt screw feeder with a pitch, increasing in the direction of unloading, in the destruction zone of the intermediate viscous-liquid product - in the form of a segmental-spiral conveying organ, and in the cooling zone of the final product - in the form of a cantilever spiral. 7. Installation according to claim. 2, characterized in that in the cooling section of the final product is installed a water inlet to open pores, desorption of hydrocarbons and exclude the formation of coke.

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