RU2740686C1 - Method of determining object points coordinates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to measurement equipment and can be used in geodesy for solving problems of controlling deformations of buildings and structures associated with determining coordinates of points of an object. Method of determining coordinates of points of an object at a certain distance from the monitored object comprises two goniometric instruments, measuring distances, exceeding and directing to object controlled points, performing desk-to-desk processing of measurements and determining coordinates of object controlled points. At a certain distance from the center of the monitored object, a reference network in the form of a triangle is created, measurements are taken from observation posts with unknown coordinates, coordinates of the monitored points of the object are calculated along the orientation angle relative to the position of each device, coordinates of the monitored points of the object are calculated in the conditional coordinate system with the beginning on the reference mark.

EFFECT: technical result is high accuracy and rapid determination of coordinates of points of object.

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Description

The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used in geodesy for solving problems of controlling deformations of buildings and structures associated with determining the coordinates of points of an object.

Known methods for determining the coordinates of points of an object. Among them, we can mention [1, 2].

The principle of operation of the methods [1, 2] is based on performing angular and linear measurements with geodetic instruments, followed by the calculation of the coordinates of the points of the object.

The general disadvantage of the known methods [1, 2] is that the coordinates of the points of the object are determined relative to the initial point (reference point), the coordinates of which are variable due to the occurrence of geological and temperature changes in the earth's surface. This, in turn, leads to the presence of additional errors in determining the coordinates of the points of the object.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the method of direct angular notch [3, p. 116]. This method, which is chosen as a prototype, is characterized by the following actions:

- at some distance from the structure, providing the most favorable conditions for intersection, install two goniometric devices (theodolite, tacheometer) at points of intersection with known coordinates;

- perform centering of goniometric instruments;

- measure the angles between the direction of the side of the intersection points and the directions to the controlled points of the object;

- calculate the coordinates of the controlled points by the coordinates of the intersection points and the directional angles of the directions to the controlled points of the object.

The disadvantages of this method include high requirements for the stability of points of intersection, for the accuracy of their relative position and centering of devices at the points. So, with the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the controlled points of the object with a mean square error (RMS) equal to 1 mm, the errors in the mutual position of points of intersection and centering of devices on them should not exceed 0.1 mm, which is not achieved in real conditions.

The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of determining the coordinates of points of the object.

This goal is achieved by replacing the unstable planned backbone of the object with a reference network. Angle-measuring instruments (tacheometers, theodolites) are installed on two observation posts with unknown coordinates at a certain distance from the structure, providing notch angles within 60-120 °. Determine the value of the angle of rotation of the limb (orienting angle) for each goniometer [4] in order to eliminate the dependence on the planned instability of the observation posts, centering errors and initial data. The coordinates of the controlled points of the object are determined by the orienting angle of the device, determined with an accuracy exceeding the accuracy of measuring directions.

варьируется от

до

(где m_N - СКП измерения направлений). Значение дирекционного угла (азимута) направления на контролируемую i-ую точку по ориентирующему углу рассчитывают по формуле α_i=α₀+N_i, (где α_i - дирекционный угол, α₀ - ориентирующий угол прибора, N_i - измеренное направление на контролируемую точку).So, for example, by measuring the directions with a device placed inside the triangle from the ORP, the value of the RMS for determining the orientation angle

varies from

before

(where m _N - RMS of direction measurements). The value of the directional angle (azimuth) of the direction to the controlled i-th point by the orienting angle is calculated by the formula α _i = α ₀ + N _i , (where α _i is the direction angle, α ₀ is the orienting angle of the device, N _i is the measured direction to the controlled point).

The invention is illustrated by the description of the specific, but not limiting the essence of the invention, its embodiment and the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a variant of the placement of reference points (PI), installation sites of goniometric devices on observation posts and controlled points on the object; in fig. 2 shows a diagram of the transition from the coordinates of the controlled point to the coordinates of the devices.

The method is carried out as follows:

1) At some distance from the center of the controlled object, a reference network is created in advance in the form of a triangle with the vertices of RRP ₁ , RRP ₂ , RRP ₃ .

2) Install the device, inside the reference network, at an arbitrary nodal point (UT) and measure the directions and distances to ORP ₁ , ORP ₂ , ORP ₃ . The nodal point is not fixed on the ground. Measurements with UT are necessary to fix the mutual positions of RRD ₁ , RRP ₂ , RRP ₃ . The measured quantities allow you to calculate the lengths of the sides and the inner angles of the triangle ORD ₁ ORD ₂ ORP ₃ .

3) Install the instruments near the center of the triangle shape RRP ₁ RRP ₂ RRP ₃ on observation posts (I and II) with unknown coordinates and measure the directions to three RRP.

4) Determine the value of the orientation angle for each device.

5) Without changing the orientation of the devices, they measure directions, distances and elevations to the controlled points of the object.

6) Re-measure the directions for three ODS.

7) Calculate the coordinates of the controlled points of the object by the orientation angle relative to the position of each device.

8) The coordinates of the monitored points of the object are recalculated in the conditional coordinate system with the origin at one of the monitored points (reference mark), fixed on the stable base of the object.

Cameral processing of measurements is reduced to the following.

1. Calculate the value of the orientation angle for I and II of the device by the formula

- значение ориентирующего угла j-го (I, II) прибора; D_n(1,2,3) - горизонтальное проложение (расстояние) от УТ до ОРП_n(1,2,3); α_n(1,2,3) - дирекционный угол (азимут) направления стороны УТ-ОРП_n(1,2,3); N_n(1,2,3) - измеренное направление прибором на ОРП_n(1,2,3).Where

- the value of the orientation angle of the j-th (I, II) device; D _{n (1,2,3)} - horizontal distance (distance) from UT to RRP _{n (1,2,3)} ; α _{n (1,2,3)} - directional angle (azimuth) of the direction of the UT-ORP side _{n (1,2,3)} ; N _{n (1,2,3)} - the direction measured by the device on the ORP _{n (1,2,3)} .

2. Calculate the coordinates of the controlled points of the object relative to the position of the j-th device by the formulas

- горизонтальное проложение (расстояние) от j-го прибора до контролируемой точки;

- измеренное направление на контролируемую точку объекта; i - номер контролируемой точкиWhere

- horizontal distance (distance) from the j-th device to the controlled point;

- measured direction to the controlled point of the object; i - number of the controlled point

3. Find the coordinates and the excess of device II relative to device I by the formulas

- превышение контролируемой точки над первым прибором;

- превышение контролируемой точки над вторым прибором.where n is the number of observed points of the object;

- excess of the controlled point over the first device;

- excess of the controlled point over the second device.

4. Calculate the coordinates of the points of the object relative to the position of the first device

- значение ориентирующего угла прибора I, (II);

- измеренное направление на контролируемую точку объекта прибором I, (II).Where

- value of the orienting angle of the device I, (II);

- measured direction to the controlled point of the object by the device I, (II).

5. The coordinates of the monitored points of the object are recalculated in a conventional coordinate system with the origin at one of the monitored points (reference mark), fixed on the stable base of the object.

- координаты и превышение опорной марки относительно прибора I.where x _i , y _i , z _i - coordinates of the controlled point in the conditional coordinate system with the origin on the reference mark;

- coordinates and excess of the reference mark relative to device I.

The analysis of scientific and technical literature given by the authors allows us to draw a conclusion about the patent novelty of the proposed method for determining the coordinates of points of an object.

Sources of information used to draw up the application:

1. RF patent No. 2063610. Method for determining the coordinates of points of an object / O.A. Proshlyakov, A.E. Dubinsky - No. 5035476/28; Stated 1992.04.01. - Published 1996.07.10.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 1578473. Method for determining the coordinates of points of an object / G.V. Nefedov, A.V. Degtyarev, V.L. Demidov - No. 4308276 / 25-10; Stated 09/23/87. - Published on 15.07.90. Bul. No. 26;

3. Smolich, S.V. Engineering geodesy: textbook / S.V. Smolich, A.G. Verkhoturov, V.I. Saveliev. - Chita: ChitGU, 2009 .-- 185 p.

4. USSR author's certificate No. 949338. Method for determining the angle of rotation of the goniometer limb / N.A. Kozlov - No. 2750651 / 18-10; Stated 04/09/1979. - Published on 08/07/82. Bul. No. 29.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the coordinates of points of an object, in which two goniometric devices are installed at some distance from the controlled object, the distances, elevations and directions to the controlled points of the object are measured, the measurements are carried out in office processing and the coordinates of the controlled points of the object are determined, of the controlled object create a reference network in the form of a triangle, carry out measurements from observation posts with unknown coordinates, calculate the coordinates of the controlled points of the object according to the orientation angle relative to the position of each device, recalculate the coordinates of the controlled points of the object in a conventional coordinate system with the origin on the reference mark.

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