RU2738970C1 - Ultrasonic device for scaring rodents - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cattle breeding.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to livestock sector, in particular, to protection systems of objects of agroindustrial complex, power distribution and receiving devices from rodents (rat, mouse), and can be used in industrial and commercial premises, granaries, warehouses, poultry and livestock complexes. Ultrasonic device for repelling rodents consists of an acoustic system having three identical columns arranged in space and a horn column on a piezoelectric effect located in the centre and releasing ultrasound. Device also consists of electric system, which includes power sources, converters of electric current and voltage and regulators, supplying column with frequency of required range.EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the effectiveness of the method of killing rodents.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to systems for protecting objects of the agro-industrial complex, distribution and receiving devices of power engineering from rodents (rats, mice) and can be used in industrial and commercial premises, granaries, warehouses, poultry and livestock complexes.

Known device for scaring away animals (Patent RU No. 2075295 C1 A01M 29/02), the acoustic radiation generator of which is made with a fixed frequency of the fundamental carrier harmonic of the audio range.

Known device (Patent RU No. 2012203 C1 A01M 29/04) "Means of acoustic rodent repelling" where equipment is used for pulsating combustion, reproduced in this case low-frequency acoustic waves in the infrasonic range scare away rodents from the room.

Known device (Patent RU No. 2042324, CL. A01M 29/04, priority from 21.12.92) "Device for scaring off rodents" in order to exclude rodents from adaptation is equipped with a oscillating frequency generator.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is the device (Patent RU No. 2146445 C1, class A01M 29/02) "Device for scaring away rodents") where low-frequency and high-frequency acoustic emitters are used to increase efficiency, providing the ability to both attract rodents and scare them away and destruction.

The disadvantages of these devices are too precise and sensitive settings, often confusing settings, as a rule, are automatically adjusted, low quality of the emitted ultrasonic wave, short range, low efficiency and low efficiency

The proposed invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of the method for exterminating rodents, at eliminating the disadvantages of known devices.

The proposed ultrasonic device for scaring off rodents (RCD) is based on the emission of high-frequency sound vibrations by them, which are not audible to humans, but are very sensitively perceived by rodents (mice and rats). Ultrasound affects the psyche of rats and mice, causes them to feel anxiety, fear and forces them to leave the territory of their permanent habitat. Under the influence of a repeller, female rodents lose their ability to reproduce. The main positive factor is that ultrasonic scarers are safe for people, pets and birds, do not interfere with the operation of television and radio equipment, and serve as reliable protection against rats, mice and other rodents.

The device has two main parts. Part A and B respectively. Part A is a high-frequency acoustic system that emits ultrasound in excess of 20 kHz, inaudible to humans, but exerting its influence on rodents, in particular rats. The emitter is a piezoelectric horn speaker. Part B is the electrical part of the device, which includes power supplies, current and voltage converters and regulators.

The RCD device has three horn-type columns and can create a special effect at full efficiency of its work. The essence of this effect is as follows. When three identical columns are connected in a kind of triangle, and at the same time are turned on, the process of merging of several ultrasonic waves occurs. Considering that the center of the wave is the most "dense" place, and here all the centers are directed to the reflecting surface, a kind of "ultrasonic bubble" is formed. This area is simply oversaturated with ultrasound. In front of the resulting similarity of the triangle is a transducer column with a higher ultrasonic frequency, set at the maximum frequency.

The ultrasonic wave emitted by it has the highest "density" and a suitable "penetrating force".

The following happens: the wave of a column with a higher ultrasound passing through the "ultrasonic bubble" is comparable to a stone breaking glass. "Fragments of an ultrasonic bubble" spread in all directions, while violating the integrity of the structure, but preserving its overall structure. This effect has been termed the “broken glass effect” (Fig. 1). On (Fig. 1) is a diagram of the arrangement of acoustic columns (speakers) in the device, indicating the propagation of ultrasound "Broken window effect".

1 - AK-059

2 - MK035

An ultrasonic wave, like any sound wave, is absorbed by any relatively dense substance, but this effect of the device increases the radius of action of the ultrasonic wave, while maintaining all its characteristics at a much greater distance than other similar devices.

In this case, the RCD device does not require an increase in power consumption.

The main elements of the component part of the power block of the device of part B: power cord; transformer; diode bridge; Voltage regulator; system of transistors and capacitors; accumulator battery.

In addition to stabilizers with a fixed voltage, there are integral stabilizers specially designed for regulated voltage. The power supply unit of the device is based on an integrated circuit of domestic production of the brand - KREN 12A - an adjustable voltage stabilizer of 1.3-30 volts and a maximum current of 1.5 A.

Below is a number of calculation formulas required to determine and select the constituent electrical elements and devices of the power section of the RCD.

where U _pores - internal reference voltage of the microcircuit;

I _opop - control current flowing through resistor R 2.

We simplify the formula, due to the fact that this very control current is very, very small - about 0.0055A, that is, it practically does not affect the result.

From here we get that:

Power supply parameters: output voltage - 13.8 V (adjustable), this is necessary taking into account the possibility of recharging the device battery; rated load current - 25 A; short-circuit protection current - 27 A; drawdown (loss) of the output voltage at the rated load current - no more than 0.5 V. The voltage at the minimum ripple period will be:

13.8 + 3 = 16.8 V.

When the current rises above the nominal, a rapid decrease in the output voltage will be observed - finally the overload protection function. Such a scheme, in addition to the extreme simplicity and the minimum of elements used, has the advantage of better heat transfer from microcircuits distributed over the radiator.

A cooling fan is mounted under the radiators. The adjustment of the output voltage of such a circuit is carried out in a very wide range - from two to several tens of volts.

The radiator with microcircuits is isolated from the power supply case. The case itself is not galvanically connected to the stabilizer circuit, but is connected to protective earth. A simple LC filter is installed at the mains voltage input. It will protect the transceiver from network interference. The power supply operation is indicated by two lamps HL1 - any LED, HL2 - LED. It also acts as a discharge resistor. By the duration of its glow after turning off the unit from the network, one can judge the quality of the capacitor C5, and by the brightness - about the stability of the output voltage.

We use a transformer in the power supply. The device uses a 30 V step-down transformer, i.e. the mains voltage, which is supplied to the primary winding of the transformer T1 through the VLK1 plug, switch S1 and fuse F1, drops to 30 V, which we get on the secondary winding. The alternating voltage from the secondary winding is fed to the diode bridge, which converts it to constant voltage. Thus, we got a rectified voltage, but with a mass of ripples. To get rid of them, a large capacitor C1 was introduced.

The diode bridge rectifies the alternating current: "passes" its positive half-waves and "delays" the negative ones. As a result, the alternating current becomes pulsating - a current of one direction, but changing in strength. In order to smooth out the ripple of the current and make it almost constant, an electric filter is connected at the output of the rectifier. When current passes through the filter, the capacitors are charged and accumulate a large charge. As soon as the current through the rectifier stops, the capacitors release the accumulated charge, maintaining the current in the circuit. To reduce sharp fluctuations of the rectified current, a choke is sometimes included in the filter, which always prevents the rise of the current and, conversely, maintains the decreasing current. FIG. 2.The schematic diagram of the generating and acoustic systems of the device for scaring away rodents is located

The operation of the RCD is based on the interaction of electrical radio components. The generating part is assembled on low-frequency transistors and consists of two stages: a master oscillator based on a low-power MP-41 or 42 transistor and an amplifier assembled on a P4 or P210 transistor. The driving stage is a self-oscillator with inductive feedback. The frequency of the generator is determined by the parameters of the oscillatory circuit, consisting of the inductor L1 (primary winding of the high-frequency transformer T2) and the capacitor C2.

The frequency of the generated current is determined by the formula

The circuit consists of two absolutely identical circuits (upper and lower), tuned to different frequencies. The first circuit delivers high frequency pulses to 3 parallel-connected GU1 speakers, the second circuit to the GU2 speaker located in the perpendicular plane.

Smooth tuning of the generator to the desired frequency is carried out by moving the ferrite core inside the transformer windings (by changing the inductance of the loop coil). The winding L3 of the transformer is a feedback coil, with which an alternating voltage through cell R2, C3 is supplied to the base of the transistor VT1. For self-excitation of the generator, it is necessary that the feedback is positive. The operating mode of the transistors is set by a negative automatic bias at their bases, which is carried out by voltage dividers R1, R2 and R4, R5.

Temperature stabilization of transistor T1 is carried out by cell R3, C4.

The high-frequency voltage generated by the auto-generator is supplied to the base of the transistor VT2 by means of the L2 coil and the capacitor C5. The load of this transistor is the sound-reproducing GU speaker. The generator is powered by a rectifier consisting of a power transformer T1, a diode VD1 and an electrolytic capacitor C1. The secondary voltage ranges from 10 to 20 V and depends on the characteristics of the sound-reproducing speakers. The power transformer is connected to a 220 V network through a QF fuse rated for 1.5 A.

The acoustic system for generating ultrasonic waves ensures the supply of electric current with specified parameters. The EGU unit is designed to convert power frequency current into high frequency current and is used to power piezoelectric transducers (speakers). At the same time, with the ability to adjust the parameters of the current when it enters the speaker system.

The following electrical devices were selected as components of the acoustic system. High-frequency piezo-emitter AK059 can be used as an additional sound source in electronic ultrasonic repellents from rodents and insects, as well as in various sound equipment. High radiation power is achieved through the use of a horn with a frequency band of 2500 ... 45000 Hz, the dimensions of which are 65 × 145 × 40 mm. The piezo emitter has a wide radiation pattern and provides high-quality reproduction of high frequencies.

The design of the piezoelectric emitter is made in such a way that an almost uniform amplitude-frequency response is provided in the entire operating frequency range.

The speaker system has two circuits (subsystems), and, as a consequence, two main parts. Part 1 and 2 respectively.

Part 1 is a high-frequency unit in the form of a single column of MK-035 brand, located in the center of an equilateral triangle created by AK-059 horn columns and emitting ultrasonic vibrations exceeding 20-30 kHz, inaudible to humans, but exerting its influence on rodents, in particular rats. In (Fig. 3) is the layout of the speakers of parts 1 and 2 of the RCD acoustic system

1- - AK-059

2- - MK035

Part 2. On one "platform" there are three ultrasonic emitters, each of which is adjustable. The brands and specifications of the speakers are the same and operate in the 25 to 45 kHz range.

Technical characteristics of an ultrasonic device for scaring off rodents ": mains voltage, (V): 220 (+) (-) 20% 50 Hz (power is provided from a 12.5 V rechargeable battery); power consumption, (VA): no more than 1.5-3; working frequencies (kHz): 20-70; signal modulation: frequency-pulse 25-45 kHz and 10-33 kHz; directional diagram (solid angle) - 360 °; duration of work - not limited; species of rodents - mice, rats; protected area m ² - up to 350-400 (with a ceiling height of 6-7 m).

The acoustic system of the device provides high-quality parameters of ultrasound generation into the surrounding space with the maximum possible inhibitory effect on rodents, both in domestic conditions and at agricultural and industrial facilities.

Claims (1)

An ultrasonic rodent repellant device consists of an acoustic system having three identical columns located in space, and a piezoelectric horn column located in the center, emitting ultrasound, as well as an electrical system that includes power supplies, electric current and voltage converters and regulators feeding the speaker with the frequency of the desired range.

Images