RU2736948C1 - Multiplying artificial pulmonary ventilation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to a multiplying artificial pulmonary ventilation apparatus. Apparatus includes a stationary stator and a rotor sliding on its inner surface, which contains gas under excessive pressure. Stator and rotor in longitudinal direction are made in two sections with uniformly distributed in circumferential direction windows, one section of which (compression one) is interconnected with compressed oxygen mixture, and other one (atmospheric one) with ambient medium. Both sections of stator have n identical windows of angular value γsconnected with respiratory tubes of inhalation and exhalation, which at other ends are connected with tees of patients. Both rotor sections have L windows of angular value γra=β/(1+b/a)-γsfor compression section and γrb=β/(1+a/b)-γs– for atmospheric, where β=2π/L, these sections of the rotor-slide valve are turned relative to each other by an angle β/(1+b/a) and separated by bearing circular plate. Rotor speed makes f=ν/L, where ν – required respiratory rate, a/b – ratio of inhalation and exhalation duration, all stator windows, except for one pair, can be plugged in order to convert the artificial pulmonary ventilation device from multichannel to individual.EFFECT: effective operation in individual mode with possibility of connection of several patients, achieving optimal mode of artificial pulmonary ventilation apparatus by respiratory circuit maintenance, efficient distribution of oxygen mixture.4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine and can be used for forced ventilation of the respiratory system of patients in the context of a pandemic outbreak and other emergencies, when the rapid growth in the number of cases "overwhelms" health care opportunities. An artificial lung ventilation apparatus (ALV) is a very high-tech expensive medical equipment designed to force the supply of an oxygen gas mixture into the lungs of patients suffering from respiratory failure. At present, this is the only way to preserve the life of patients, ensuring the saturation of the blood with oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from it, while restorative medical procedures are being carried out / Goryachev A.S., Savin I.A. Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation. A guide for doctors. Moscow, 2019; Polupan A.A., Goryachev A.S., Savin I.A. Asynchrony and ventilation schedule. Moscow, 2017; Satishur O.E. Mechanical ventilation of the lungs. Moscow, 2006; Kassil V.L., Vyzhigina M.A., Leskin G.S. Artificial and assisted ventilation of the lungs Moscow, 2004; Lebedinsky K.M., Mazurok V.A., Nefedov A.V. Respiratory support basics. SPb, 2008; Chang D.W. Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd Edition, 2006; Hess D.R., Kacmarek R.M. Essentials of Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd Edition, 2002; Papadakos P. J., Lachmann B. Mechanical Ventilation: Clinical Applications and Pathophysiology, 2008; Pilbeam S.P., Cairo J.M. Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications. 4th Edition 2006; Tobin M.J. Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill 2013; MacIntyre N.R., Branson R.D. Mechanical ventilation. 2nd edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2009; Chatburn R.L. Fundamentals of Mechanical Ventilation: A Short Course on the Theory and Application of Mechanical Ventilators. 2nd Edition 2004 /.

The aim of the invention is to create a very simple, reliable, economical ventilator operating in the forced breathing mode in time, designed to compensate for the sudden lack of standard equipment in catastrophic pandemics leading to mass respiratory failure of the population. A feature of the proposed design is the absence of a ventilator, which increases reliability and efficiency, and the possibility of connecting several patients to one device in case of emergency. The device, in particular, can work as an individual ventilation device, when all breathing circuits, except one, are turned off by simply plugging the stator windows.

This goal is achieved due to the use of a slowly rotating spool in the design, which ensures rapid switching of the breathing circuits from the pressurized gas source, which acts as sliding valves that regulate the simultaneous operation of all channels for supplying and removing the gas mixture. Slow rotation of the spool rotor reduces the power of frictional forces and heat generation when it slides over the stator surface, which opens up the possibility of its application even for large device diameters.

Devices that allow to successfully carry out mechanical ventilation simultaneously to several patients were urgently created in 2020. in the Russian Federation due to the presence of bactericidal filters that provide 99.9% protection against bacteria and viruses / Electronic resource https://www.interfax.ru/russia/701318/. The state corporation Rostec was tasked with considering the possibility of developing prototypes of disposable sets of lung ventilation circuits for two, three or four patients, similar to foreign ones. The development is a system of disposable breathing circuits, adapters and filters for ventilation of the lungs of up to four patients, excluding cross contamination between them / Electronic resource https://tass.ru/ekonomika/8104865/.

So, it is proposed to use the spool principle of supplying an oxygen-air mixture, but not traditionally widespread in pneumatic systems, reciprocating, but the simplest and most reliable - slowly rotating. The use of rotating spool pulsators has so far been constrained by the following circumstance. With an increase in the rotational speed of the spool, the peripheral speed on its outer friction surface increases, and the sliding mechanism of the mating surfaces - the rotor and stator - is complicated by an increase in the power of friction forces, significant heat release, lubrication difficulties, wear of the mating surfaces and violations of the density of their mutual adhesion. Consequently, a multiple decrease in the rotational speed of spool pulsators, by an order of magnitude or more, while maintaining functionality, is very important, because it opens up the possibility of their widespread implementation.

The rotating spool ventilator includes a stationary stator and a rotating rotor located inside the stator along its axis of symmetry. The function of the stator is the uniform placement of n breathing circuits around the circumference, which receive the oxygen mixture from the receiver and transmit the oxygen mixture through the patient's tees through the inspiratory tubes and discharge the spent carbon dioxide mixture into the atmosphere through the exhalation tubes, and the rotor is the periodic sequential distribution of these dosed portions of gas along the breathing circuits. The stator and rotor windows are made in the form of slotted holes. When only one window is used on the rotor, most of the rotation time of the spool rotor is spent not on performing its main function - supplying and removing gas under pressure to the stator windows, but on completely unproductive idle turns of its only rotor window to the next stator window. This entails high rotor speeds and a short time for alignment of the rotor and stator windows to perform the main function. The functionality and reliability of the device is unacceptably sharply reduced due to significant mechanical heat generation, difficulties in lubrication, wear of mating surfaces and violations of the density of their mutual adhesion.

Thus, the limiting factor for the use of rotating spools was their high rotation frequency.

The objective of the claimed invention is a multiple reduction in the rotational speed of the spool valve rotor due to the use of a multi-window rotor, in which a full cycle of supplying fresh gas to the respiratory circuits of patients and removing waste gas from them is carried out during not a complete revolution of the rotor, but only during a very small rotation of the rotor , which eliminates the problems of the introduction of rotating spools listed above.

It is necessary to take into account the maintenance of closed terminal devices, which are the patient's breathing circuits for the ventilator. Fresh gas impulses come from the area of increased pressure into the breathing tubes of the inhalation, and the spent gas goes out into the atmosphere through the exhalation tubes at a given frequency and the ratio of the durations of inhalation-exhalation.

The problem is solved by the fact that the stator and rotor of the spool valve ventilator in the longitudinal direction are made in two sections, namely, compression and atmospheric. Both sections of the stator - both compression and atmospheric - are the same, their windows are used to connect to the tubes of inhalation and exhalation, and the compression and atmospheric sections of the rotor are different. One section of the rotor is communicated with the oxygen mixture under a certain constant pressure of the receiver, and the other with the atmospheric environment, while both of these sections of the spool have the same number of windows, but the lengths of the windows are different, rotated relative to each other and separated by a bearing circular plate. A concomitant effect is simplicity, reliability and economy of the design, as well as multichannel - the possibility of additional connection of several patients at once.

The stated essence is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the ventilator, FIG. 2 is a cross-section through two sections of sections A-A and B-B communicating with the compression and atmospheric chambers, respectively, in FIG. 3 - time scans of the opening area S of the alternately opening-closing stator windows connected to the tubes of inspiration and expiration, and the pressures P in the airways of patients for the ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration 1/1 and 2/3.

Diagram of the multiplier ventilator

с подсоединенными к ним n дыхательными контурами, где n = 1, 2, 3,… - натуральное число - количество каналов. При n = 1 устройство работает как обычный аппарат ИВЛ индивидуального пользования. Дополнительные каналы n > 1 подсоединяются путем простого открытия заглушек окон статора и служат для одновременного обслуживания нескольких пациентов в случае чрезвычайных ситуаций. Каждый дыхательный контур в простейшем варианте состоит из трубки вдоха 7 и трубки выдоха 8. Одними концами дыхательные трубки вдоха 7 и выдоха 8 соединены с компрессионным 5 и атмосферным 6 окнами статора, а на других концах - замыкаются посредством тройника пациента 9. Обе продольные секции ротора-золотника 1 размещены на несущей круговой пластине 10, которая вращается с малой, по сравнению с требуемой частотой дыхания, частотой f посредством приводного вала 11. Несущая круговая пластина 10 разделяет полости двух секций ротора 1, сообщающихся соответственно с двумя камерами: компрессионной - ресивером 12, - накопительной емкостью сжатой кислородной смеси, предназначенной для принудительной подачи пациентам, и атмосферной 13, сообщающейся с внешней средой для вывода отработанного газа. Компрессионная секция ротора имеет окна 3 угловой величины γ

= β/(1+b/a) - γ

, а атмосферная - окна 2 с углом γ

= β/(1+a/b) - γ

, где a/b - соотношение длительностей вдоха и выдоха, β = 2π/L, и эти две секции ротора-золотника повернуты друг относительно друга на угол β/(1+b/a) (фиг. 2).The multiplier artificial lung ventilation apparatus (Fig. 1, 2) consists of a rotating two-section rotor-spool 1, each longitudinal section of which is equipped with windows 2, 3 evenly distributed around the circumference L, where L = 1, 2, 3, ... is any natural number - multiplication factor. The spool rotor 1 slides inside a two-section stator 4 with the same longitudinal sections. The two sections of the rotor 1 and stator 4 are shown separately in cross-sections AA and BB (FIG. 2). Both sections of the stator 4 are the same and are equipped with n windows 5, 6 evenly distributed around its circumference of the angular value γ

with n breathing circuits connected to them, where n = 1, 2, 3, ... is a natural number - the number of channels. For n = 1, the device operates like a conventional personal ventilator. Additional channels n> 1 are connected by simply opening the stator window plugs and serve to serve several patients at the same time in case of emergency. Each breathing circuit in the simplest version consists of an inhalation tube 7 and an exhalation tube 8. At one end of the inhalation tubes 7 and exhalation 8 are connected to the compression 5 and atmospheric 6 windows of the stator, and at the other ends they are closed by means of the patient's tee 9. Both longitudinal sections of the rotor - the spool 1 is placed on a bearing circular plate 10, which rotates at a low, compared to the required breathing rate, frequency f by means of the drive shaft 11. The bearing circular plate 10 separates the cavities of two sections of the rotor 1, communicating respectively with two chambers: the compression chamber - by the receiver 12 , - a storage tank of a compressed oxygen mixture, intended for forced supply to patients, and atmospheric 13, communicating with the external environment to remove the waste gas. The compression section of the rotor has windows of 3 angular values γ

= β / (1 + b / a) - γ

, and atmospheric - windows 2 with angle γ

= β / (1 + a / b) - γ

, where a / b is the ratio of the durations of inhalation and exhalation, β = 2π / L, and these two sections of the spool rotor are rotated relative to each other by an angle β / (1 + b / a) (Fig. 2).

The principle of operation of the multiplier ventilator

To explain the principle of operation of the multiplier ventilator, to analyze the switching of the compression and atmospheric sections and the resulting pressures in the patient's airways, Fig. 2 and 3. FIG. 3 shows the time base of the ventilator for the ratio of the durations of inhalation-exhalation a / b = 1 and a / b = 2/3. For the sake of clarity, the mode of operation is shown for a ventilator with 4 breathing circuits, n = 4. Devices with a different number of channels - the number of breathing circuits - operate in exactly the same way.

The direction of rotation of the spool rotor 1 is shown by a circular arrow marked with the letter f (Fig. 1, 2). Further, f will also denote the rotational speed of the rotor 1. The angular rotational speed of the rotor 1 is denoted by ω and is ω = 2πf.

The device works as follows. When the rotor 1 rotates, the windows of the compression (section A-A) and atmospheric (B-B) sections of the stator 4 are alternately opened (turned on) and closed (turned off) (Figs. 1, 2). Respiratory mixture from the receiver 12 enters through the window 5, the inhalation tube 7 to the patient's tee 9 and into his airways, and then through the tee 9, the exhalation tube 8 and the window 6 is discharged into the atmosphere 13 (Fig. 1). For any of the respiratory circuits, the time scans of the area S of the opening of the stator windows 5, 6, which are connected, respectively, with the tubes of inspiration 7, expiration 8, and pressures P in the tees of patients 9 and their airways for the ratio of the strokes of inspiration-expiration a / b = 1 and a / b = 2/3 are shown in FIG. 3.

Let the window of the compression section be switched on at the initial moment of time (Fig. 2). Gas under the action of a pressure gradient begins to flow from the compression chamber 12 through the window 5, the inhalation tube 7 to the tee of the patient 9 and then into his airway (Fig. 1). The time-varying area S of the opening window 5 of the stator as a function of time is a part of a meander located in the positive half-plane (in Fig. 3 marked through A-A, according to the designation of the cross-section in Fig. 1, 2). When the compression section window 5 is turned off, the atmospheric section window 6 will turn on synchronously. Then the gas under the action of the pressure gradient from the airways through the patient's tee 9, the exhalation tube 8 and the window 6 enters the atmospheric chamber 13. Now the time-varying area S of the opening window of the stator 6 as a function of time is a part of the meander in the negative half-plane (in Fig. 3 is marked as BB by the designation of the corresponding cross-section in FIGS. 1, 2).

This time law of the opening area of the stator windows 5, 6 corresponds to a well-defined time base of pressure P on the tee of the patient 9 and in his airways, on the same time scale also shown in Fig. 3. This is the meander of compression, - positive overpressure, alternating with zero overpressure when switching the breathing circuit from the compression chamber 12 to atmospheric 13.

/β = (γ

+ γ

)/β = 1/(1+b/a). Далее с момента времени (ω/β)t = γ

/β = (γ

+ γ

)/ β = 1/(1+b/a) и до (ω/β)t = 1 длится фаза выдоха. Процесс периодичен и повторяется с периодом (ω/β)T = 1.For the breathing circuit under consideration, the inspiratory phase begins from time zero and ends with a dimensionless time moment (ω / β) t = γ

/ β = (γ

+ γ

) / β = 1 / (1 + b / a). Further, from the moment of time (ω / β) t = γ

/ β = (γ

+ γ

) / β = 1 / (1 + b / a) and until (ω / β) t = 1 the exhalation phase lasts. The process is periodic and repeats with a period (ω / β) T = 1.

So, for the ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b = 1, the inspiration phase begins from the zero point in time and ends with the moment of dimensionless time (ω / β) t = 1/2. Then, from the moment of time (ω / β) t = 1/2 and until (ω / β) t = 1, the exhalation phase lasts. The process is periodic and repeats with a period (ω / β) T = 1.

For the ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b = 2/3, the inspiration phase begins from the zero point in time and ends with the moment of dimensionless time (ω / β) t = 2/5. Then, from the moment of time (ω / β) t = 2/5 and up to (ω / β) t = 1, the exhalation phase lasts. The process is periodic and repeats with a period (ω / β) T = 1.

The rotating part of the presented ventilator has an axial symmetry of the L order, i.e. when it is rotated around the axis of rotation at an angle β = 2π / L, it aligns with itself. This is what ensures the full cycle of operation of all breathing circuits, not for the full period of rotation of the rotor-spool, but only for its 1 / L part, causing the effect of multiplication.

Technical characteristics of the multiplier ventilator. Summary of basic formulas

The main characteristics of ventilators are the respiratory rate ν and the ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b on each breathing circuit. Note that the ratio of the durations of inhalation-exhalation a / b in the English-language literature is traditionally denoted by i / e (from the English “inspiration” - inhalation, “exspiration” - exhalation).

The respiration rate ν on each circuit is determined exclusively by the rotational speed f of the spool rotor:

ν = Lf.

= γ

+ γ

и γ

= γ

+ γ

:The ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b is determined by the ratio of design angles γ

= γ

+ γ

and γ

= γ

+ γ

:

/γ

.a / b = γ

/ γ

...

= γ

+ γ

и γ

= γ

+ γ

- суммарные угловые величины окон ротора и статора для компрессионной и атмосферной секций соответственно, связанные соотношением:Here γ

= γ

+ γ

and γ

= γ

+ γ

- the total angular values of the rotor and stator windows for the compression and atmospheric sections, respectively, related by the ratio:

+ γ

= β.γ

+ γ

= β.

Then we have:

/(β - γ

) = β/γ

- 1,a / b = γ

/ (β - γ

) = β / γ

- 1,

/(β - γ

) = β/γ

- 1,b / a = γ

/ (β - γ

) = β / γ

- 1,

Where

= γ

+ γ

- суммарная угловая величина окон ротора γ

и статора γ

для компрессионной секции,γ

= γ

+ γ

is the total angular value of the rotor windows γ

and stator γ

for the compression section,

= γ

+ γ

- суммарная угловая величина окон ротора γ

и статора γ

для атмосферной секции,γ

= γ

+ γ

is the total angular value of the rotor windows γ

and stator γ

for the atmospheric section,

β = 2π / L,

L is the number of rotor windows.

= γ

+ γ

и γ

= γ

+ γ

:Formulas for choosing design angles γ

= γ

+ γ

and γ

= γ

+ γ

:

= γ

+ γ

= β/(1+b/a),γ

= γ

+ γ

= β / (1 + b / a),

= γ

+ γ

= β/(1+a/b).γ

= γ

+ γ

= β / (1 + a / b).

The closed state time τ (the time of overlapping the windows of the rotor and stator section) is:

= a/(a+b)/ ν = γ

/β/ν = (1 - γ

/β)/ν - для компрессионной секции,τ

= a / (a + b) / ν = γ

/ β / ν = (1 - γ

/ β) / ν - for the compression section,

= b/(a+b)/ ν = γ

/β/ν = (1 - γ

/β)/ν - для атмосферной.τ

= b / (a + b) / ν = γ

/ β / ν = (1 - γ

/ β) / ν - for atmospheric.

Special cases of the design of the rotor, leading to special physical wave phenomena

1. Let the number of rotor windows L be a multiple of the number of stator windows n, i.e. the rotor contains L = mn windows, where m is any natural number: m = 1, 2, 3,…. Then all n respiratory circuits in time work in phase, or synchronously (simultaneously), and the pulsation on them has the character of a standing wave. The complete cycle of operation of the device is carried out during the rotor rotation at an angle of 2π / (mn). Calculation formulas will take the form:

ν = mnf,

= a/(a+b)/(mnf) - для компрессионной секции,τ

= a / (a + b) / (mnf) - for the compression section,

= b/(a+b)/(mnf) - для атмосферной. τ

= b / (a + b) / (mnf) - for atmospheric.

2. Let the rotor contain L = mn + 1 windows. Then all n respiratory circuits in time operate sequentially with the same phase lag, and the pulsation on them has the character of a traveling wave, the rotation frequency of which is exactly mn + 1 times the rotor rotation frequency. The direction of rotation of this wave of pulsations coincides with the direction of rotation of the rotor. Therefore, we will call the generated wave of pulsations on all respiratory circuits associated, or direct. The complete cycle of operation of the device is carried out during the rotor rotation at an angle of 2π / (mn + 1). Calculation formulas will take the form:

ν = (mn + 1) f,

= a/(a+b)/(mn+1)/f - для компрессионной секции,τ

= a / (a + b) / (mn + 1) / f - for the compression section,

= b/(a+b)/(mn+1)/f - для атмосферной. τ

= b / (a + b) / (mn + 1) / f - for atmospheric.

3. Let the rotor contain L = mn-1 windows. Then all n breathing circuits also operate sequentially with the same phase lag, and the pulsation on them has the character of a traveling wave, the rotation frequency of which is exactly mn-1 times the rotor rotation frequency. But the direction of rotation of this wave of pulsations is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor. Therefore, we will call the generated wave of pulsations on all breathing circuits counter, or reverse. Calculation formulas will take the form:

ν = (mn-1) f,

= a/(a+b)/(mn-1)/f - для компрессионной секции,τ

= a / (a + b) / (mn-1) / f - for the compression section,

= b/(a+b)/(mn-1)/f - для атмосферной.τ

= b / (a + b) / (mn-1) / f - for atmospheric.

Examples of calculating multichannel multiplier ventilators

So, the main characteristics of ventilators are the respiratory rate ν and the ratio of the durations of inhalation-exhalation a / b on each patient's breathing circuit.

The respiration rate ν is determined by the rotational frequency f of the spool rotor, which allows a simple change in the operating mode:

ν = Lf.

The ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b:

/(β - γ

) , гдеa / b = γ

/ (β - γ

), where

β = 2π / L,

then for synchronous ventilation we have:

ν = mn f,

/(2π/(mn) - γ

),a / b = γ

/ (2π / (mn) - γ

),

for straight line:

ν = (mn + 1) f,

/(2π/(mn+1) - γ

),a / b = γ

/ (2π / (mn + 1) - γ

),

for reverse:

ν = (mn-1) f,

/(2π/(mn-1) - γ

)a / b = γ

/ (2π / (mn-1) - γ

)

= γ

+ γ

- суммарная угловая величина окон ротора γ

и статора γ

для компрессионной секции.where γ

= γ

+ γ

is the total angular value of the rotor windows γ

and stator γ

for the compression section.

и числами m, n. Thus, the ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration a / b is determined by the design angle γ

and numbers m, n.

1. An example of calculating the mode of synchronous ventilation, when the work of all breathing circuits is in phase and forms a standing wave on them, the frequency of which is mn times higher than the rotor speed.

As a first example, we calculate the synchronous ventilation scheme for a 4-circuit stator, n = 4, by means of an mn-windowed rotor spool, for successive values of the coefficient m = 1, 2, 3. Let the required breathing rate on each of the stator breathing circuits be 20 strokes per minute, or ν = .33 Hz, i.e. breathing period - 3 s. Then the period of rotation T and the frequency of rotation f of the rotor will be:

2. An example of calculating the direct ventilation mode, when the sequence of the breathing circuits coincides with the direction of rotation of the rotor and forms a rotating wave on these circuits, the rotation frequency of which is mn + 1 times the rotation frequency of the rotor.

As a second example, we calculate the direct ventilation scheme for a 4-circuit stator, n = 4, by means of mn + 1-window rotor spool, for successive values of the coefficient m = 1, 2, 3. Let the required respiratory rate on each of the stator breathing circuits be 20 cycles per minute, or ν = .33 Hz, i.e. breathing period - 3 s. Then the period of rotation T and the frequency of rotation f of the rotor will be:

3. An example of calculating the reverse ventilation mode, when the sequence of operation of the breathing circuits is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor and forms a rotating wave on the circuits, the rotation frequency of which is mn-1 times the rotation frequency of the rotor.

As a third example, we calculate the reverse ventilation scheme for a 6-circuit stator, n = 6, by means of an mn-1-window rotor spool, for successive values of the coefficient m = 1, 2, 3. Let the required respiratory rate on each of the stator breathing circuits along - is still 20 cycles per minute, or ν = .33 Hz, the breathing period is 3 s. Then the period of rotation T and the frequency of rotation f of the rotor will be:

General conclusion. Considering that for a single-window rotor the rotation period would be 3 s, we see that for a multiplier rotor the rotation period increases by an order of magnitude or more. Thus, the effect of breathing rate multiplication is clearly visible, which manifests itself in mn, mn + 1 or mn-1-fold decrease in the required rotor speeds of the multi-window spool. This is due to the fact that the entire rotation time of the multi-window rotor is effectively spent on its main function - the sequential generation of pressure pulses on the stator windows, and the unproductive idle rotation of the rotor just to turn its only window to the next stator windows is completely excluded.

Note that the tables above for a 4-window stator with synchronous and direct ventilation and a 6-window stator with reverse ventilation are very similar. This confirms that the ventilation synchronous with the multiplication factor mn, and the forward mn + 1, and the reverse mn-1 ventilation have the same efficiency.

When n is small, for example, 4, as in the first and second examples, it is more advantageous to use synchronous or direct ventilation, when n is large, for example, 6, as in the second example, it is reverse, because the structural width of the rotor windows is approximately one and the same.

The main thing is that by increasing the multiplication factor L, it is possible to unlimitedly reduce the sliding speed of the rotor-spool over the stator surface in order to suppress the power of friction forces and heat generation, due to which rotary spools are still of little use in mechanical engineering in comparison with reciprocating spools (starting with steam spools engines), despite their great simplicity, reliability and efficiency, as well as the absence of sticking zones of spools in the vicinity of their zero speeds.

So we come to the concept of multiplication, which means that a low rotor speed gives a high frequency of the stator response wave. This wave can be standing, as in the case of synchronous ventilation, or traveling, as in the case of direct or reverse ventilation. An additional "bonus" is the ability to change the direction of rotation of the stator response wave to the opposite direction of the rotor rotation.

Conclusions. Technical result

1. The multichannel multiplier artificial lung ventilation apparatus allows, first of all, to work effectively in an individual mode. In the event of emergencies, the presented ventilator is immediately adapted to the connection of several patients. The number of channels is determined by the number of open stator windows n.

2. Due to the effect of multiplication, it is possible to use the simplest and most reliable slow-rotating spools, which function as constantly rotating sliding valves that provide the required respiratory rates. At low speeds of rotation of rotors-spools, the power of frictional forces and heat generation are suppressed, which determines their functionality. The optimal mode of the ventilator with a rotating multi-window rotor-spool has been achieved according to the criterion of servicing the breathing circuits. The multiplicative factor is determined by the number of rotor windows L.

3. Specific modes of multiplier standing and traveling rotating waves of operation of the respiratory circuits of the device have been determined, and the rotating waves can be both concurrent and opposite with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor.

4. Varying the respiratory rate is carried out by simply changing the rotational speed of the two-section rotor-spool. The ratio of the durations of inspiration-expiration is determined by the ratio of the angles of the windows of the compression and atmospheric sections.

5. The simplest economical spool distribution of the oxygen mixture under a small overpressure is applied to several breathing circuits at once. Pneumatic energy is consumed only for feeding the respiratory circuits, while the activation of the ventilator mechanism is carried out by the simplest drive of constant slow rotation, which optimizes the shape of the pressure curves in the breathing circuits according to the criterion of relief of respiratory failure.

6. The proposed device is especially effective for the implementation of high-frequency mechanical ventilation when other means are difficult.

7. The device is distinguished by simplicity, reliability and economy, which increases the mobilization capabilities of deploying equipment in case of sudden pandemics.

References

1. Goryachev A.S., Savin I.A. Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation. Moscow, 2019.

2. Polupan A.A., Goryachev A.S., Savin I.A. Asynchrony and ventilation schedule. Moscow, 2017.

3. Satishur O.E. Mechanical ventilation of the lungs. Moscow, 2006.

4. Kassil V.L., Vyzhigina M.A., Leskin G.S. Artificial and auxiliary ventilation of the lungs Moscow, 2004.

5. Lebedinsky K.M., Mazurok V.A., Nefedov A.V. Respiratory support basics. SPb, 2008.

6. Chang D.W. Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd Edition, 2006.

7. Hess D.R., Kacmarek R.M. Essentials of Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd Edition, 2002.

8. Papadakos P.J., Lachmann B. Mechanical Ventilation: Clinical Applications and Pathophysiology, 2008.

9. Pilbeam S.P., Cairo J.M. Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological and Clinical Applications. 4th Edition 2006.

10. Tobin M.J. Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill 2013.

11. MacIntyre N.R., Branson R.D. Mechanical ventilation. 2nd edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2009.

12. Chatburn R.L. Fundamentals of Mechanical Ventilation: A Short Course on the Theory and Application of Mechanical Ventilators. 2nd Edition 2004.

13. Electronic resource https://www.interfax.ru/russia/701318.

14. Electronic resource https://tass.ru/ekonomika/8104865.

Claims (4)

1. Multiplier artificial lung ventilation device, including a fixed stator and a rotor sliding along its inner surface containing gas under excess pressure, the stator and the rotor in the longitudinal direction are made in two sections, with evenly distributed in the circumferential direction windows, one section of which, compression, communicates with compressed oxygen mixture, and the other - atmospheric - with the external environment, while both stator sections have n identical windows of angular magnitude

connected to the breathing tubes of inhalation and exhalation, which at the other ends are connected to the tees of the patients, both sections of the rotor have L windows of angular size

for the compression section and

- for atmospheric, where β = 2π / L, these sections of the spool rotor are rotated relative to each other at an angle β / (1 + b / a) and separated by a circular bearing plate, while the rotor speed is f = ν / L, where ν is the required respiratory rate, a / b is the ratio of the durations of inspiration and expiration, all stator windows, except for one pair, can be muted to convert the ventilator from multichannel to individual. 2. The multiplier artificial lung ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that L = mn, where m = 1, 2, 3, ... is any natural number, then all n respiratory circuits work synchronously and form a standing wave, the frequency of which is mn times the rotor speed. 3. The multiplier artificial ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that L = mn + 1, where m = 1, 2, 3, ... is any natural number, then all n respiratory circuits operate sequentially with the same phase shift and form a traveling wave, the rotation frequency of which is mn + 1 times higher than the rotor rotation frequency, and the direction of rotation of this wave coincides with the direction of rotation of the rotor. 4. The multiplier artificial lung ventilation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that L = mn-1, where m = 1, 2, 3, ... is any natural number, then all n respiratory circuits operate sequentially with the same phase shift and form a traveling wave, the rotation frequency of which is mn-1 times higher than the rotation frequency of the rotor, and the direction of rotation of this wave is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor.

Images