RU2734103C1 - Method of increasing stability of a communication network with memory - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information and telecommunication systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of providing operation of information-telecommunication systems and their control subsystems. Dependencies of stability of communication and memory networks, throughput capacity, efficiency of their equipment at communication network design and operation stages are determined.

EFFECT: high stability of a communication network in conditions of various types of equipment failures owing to high probability of transmitting data units of operating information directions due to redistribution and coordination of different resources of communication network (dynamic correction of routing), including in the absence of a permanently operating route.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring the functioning of information and telecommunication systems and their control subsystems and can be used to determine the interdependencies of their stability, memory, bandwidth and performance in order to increase the stability of the communication network in conditions of various kinds of equipment failures by increasing the probability of transmission of data blocks functioning information directions due to the redistribution and coordination of heterogeneous communication network resources (dynamic routing correction), including in the absence of a permanently operating route.

Information and telecommunication systems belong to the class of large systems, the stages of design, implementation, operation and evolution of which are impossible without taking into account the interrelations and mutual influence of their properties. (Councils B.Ya., Yakovlev SA "Modeling of systems". - M .: Higher school, 2009, - 343 p.).

The development of digital and information technologies has led to an increase in the role of memory properties and the performance of communication network equipment. If in local computer networks, data processing centers and in automated control systems these properties are actively used and are one of the key in design, then in communication networks they play a secondary, providing role, although they allow you to look at the data transmission process from a new perspective, especially in transport communication networks.

The use of memory in the process of data transfer, especially in transport networks, will inevitably affect the time of their transfer, on the one hand, and increase the probability of transferring data blocks in case of failures, on the other. Reducing the data transfer time is possible by increasing the performance of the equipment of the network elements. Different categories of data have different maximum allowable transmission time, which is determined by the type of data, category of information source, network load, etc. All this must be taken into account when designing and building a communication network.

The known methods of ensuring the stability of communication networks do not take into account the properties of memory and performance to increase the probability of transferring data blocks in the functioning information directions of the network under various destructive effects on the telecommunication infrastructure.

The factors listed above indicate the need to develop ways to increase the stability of communication networks, taking into account the possibility of realizing the potential of using memory in them in the process of data transmission.

Terms and definitions used in the application.

Communication network is a technological system that includes communication facilities and lines and is intended for telecommunications (Federal Law No. 126-FZ of July 7, 2003 "On Communication").

Communication node - a set of technical means of communication, providing traffic (data) routing, provision of communication services and connection of users to the public network.

Switching node - a communication node on which communication lines (channels and paths in it) are switched according to the information direction route.

Corresponding communication node - communication node to which the user (sender / recipient) of the information direction is connected.

Communication line - transmission lines, physical circuits and line-cable communication facilities.

Data block is a bit sequence transmitted as a whole between the elements of the information and telecommunication system. For various technologies, this is a package, container, etc.

Bandwidth is the maximum data transmission rate of the communication line (information direction).

Memory is a medium for storing data for a certain time. Has indicators of volume, read / write speed, etc.

Equipment performance - the amount of data processed per unit of time.

Information direction - a set of technical means of communication, ensuring the transfer of data between correspondents.

Routing is the process of determining the route of data transmission in communication networks.

The stability of the communication network is the ability of the communication network to perform its functions in the event of failure of part of the network elements as a result of the influence of destabilizing factors [GOST R 53111-2008. The stability of the functioning of the public communication network. Requirements and verification methods].

Thus, there is a known way to increase the stability of a secure connection between elements of a corporate governance system using information and telecommunication resources managed by two or more telecom operators (RF patent No. 2715285, G06F 15/16 (2006.01), published on February 26, 2020, bull. 6). In the method, on the first and second client computers, the addresses of the communication networks to which they can be connected are written into the set AS1 and AS2, a message is sent to the application server containing the set of addresses of the AS1 and AS2 networks, the length of the route between the first and by the second client computer for all variants of their connection to communication networks from the set AS1 and set AS2, respectively, while detecting a connection in which the length of the route between the first and the second client computer by the number of transit nodes will be minimal. When a message from an application server passes through the tunneling server, information is added to it that is necessary to establish a secure connection between the first client computer and the second client computer.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the impossibility of storing data in functioning information directions in the absence of a route, due to failures, between correspondents during traffic transmission, which will either lead to its loss or to a significant increase in the data exchange time.

A known method of routing traffic having a priority class in a communication network, including two or more operators (RF patent No. 2631144, H04L 12/70 (2013.01), publ. 09.19.2017, bul. No. 26). In this method, in conditions of insufficient network resources, due to the formation of new traffic transmission routes and bypassing "bottlenecks" in the network through the installed multifunctional subscriber terminals of trusted subscribers, guaranteed service of priority traffic in the information and telecommunication network, which includes two or more operators, is provided.

The disadvantage of this method is the construction of a route between subscribers of a communication network, taking into account only the network bandwidth and the current load, while not taking into account the possibility of the absence of permanent routes and the possibility of using the memory of telecommunications for data transmission in such conditions.

The closest in technical essence analogue (prototype) to the claimed method is a method of ensuring the stability of communication networks in conditions of external destructive influences (RF Patent 2379753, G06F 21/20 (2006.01), G06N 3/02 (2006.01) publ. 20.01.2010. Bull No. 2), which consists in controlling the values of destructive effects on the communication lines, at the same time evaluating the value of the throughput of each kind of communication line, scaling the obtained values with respect to the maximum values for each class of parameters, according to these values, artificial neural networks with radial basic elements for approximating the dependences of the performance of each kind of communication line on the values of destructive influences, the matrices of synaptic weights of the trained neural networks are memorized, and then installed in accordance with the specific construction of the communication network to assess the throughput based on the predicted values of destructive influences obtained from the delay time-sensitive; on the basis of the predicted values of the throughput for each communication line, the available network resource is allocated between the subscribers, taking into account their priority categories.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the lack of the possibility of data transmission in functioning information directions in the absence of permanent routes and the realization of the memory resources of communication nodes to increase the probability of information exchange in such conditions.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed solution is the presence of data transmission failures in communication networks due to equipment failures for various reasons (exceeding the communication line capacity, technical equipment failure, exceeding the equipment performance limit, power failure, etc.), which can lead to disruption of stable information exchange between correspondents due to the lack of permanent routes.

The technical problem is solved by consistent and reasonable determination of the switching node, in the buffer memory of which data will be stored for the period of absence of at least one route in the information direction.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the stability of the communication network in conditions of various kinds of equipment failures by increasing the probability of transmitting data blocks of functioning information directions due to the redistribution and coordination of heterogeneous communication network resources (dynamic routing correction), including in the absence of a permanently operating route.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of ensuring the stability of communication networks in conditions of external destructive influences, which consists in the fact that the values of destructive influences on the elements of the telecommunication network are controlled, the technical condition of the elements of the communication network is evaluated, the value of the communication line throughput is estimated, and the time is predicted , during which the network elements will be in a working state, additionally record the destructive effects that have taken place, to assess the technical state, determine the number of functioning communication network elements and the nature of their failures, assess the memory characteristics and performance of communication nodes, determine network elements that will inevitably fail , predict the recovery time of failed network elements, determine for each information direction all possible transmission routes of data blocks that differ from each other by at least one element, The condition of finding at least one route for the transmission of data blocks is determined, if there are routes for the transmission of data blocks, the bandwidth utilization factor for all communication lines and the utilization factor of the communication nodes' productivity are calculated, a threshold value for these coefficients is set, the original transmission route of data blocks of each information direction is criteria for minimizing the use of the bandwidth of communication lines and minimizing the use of the productivity of communication nodes, taking into account the categories of data priorities, failure and restoration of communication network elements, in the absence of transmission routes for data blocks of information directions, data blocks of information directions are stored in the buffer memory at those switching nodes of the network, where the original routing option was interrupted, calculate the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the switching nodes, set its threshold level, store and control the value of the of the buffer memory efficiency at all switching nodes with the initial routing option, identify the data blocks stored in the switching nodes buffer memory in relation to one or another information direction, determine for each information direction all possible transmission routes of data blocks that differ from each other after restoration of the communication network elements at least one element, predict the recovery time of these routes, build a variation series of route recovery times for each information direction, correct the original route of each information direction according to the seniority of the members of the route recovery time variation series and the criterion for minimizing the use of buffer memory, transmit the stored data blocks of information directions when restoring transmission routes of data blocks.

From the prior art, no solutions have been identified regarding methods of increasing the stability of communication networks characterized by the claimed set of features, therefore, which indicates the compliance of the claimed method with the "novelty" condition of patentability.

The results of the search for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the prototypes of the features of the claimed invention, have shown that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. The prior art determined by the applicant has not revealed the influence of the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the "inventive step" requirement of patentability.

The "industrial applicability" of the method is due to the presence of a hardware and software base on the basis of which devices that implement the method can be made.

The claimed method is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method for enhancing the robustness of a memory communication network.

The claimed method is implemented in the form of a block diagram shown in FIG. 1.

In block 1, the values of destructive effects on the elements of the telecommunication network are monitored. This is necessary for the timely detection of destructive effects on the network and requires constant monitoring of all its available elements.

Monitoring is understood as a continuous process of collecting and analyzing information about the value of the diagnostic parameters of the state of the object [Ivanovsky V.N. Monitoring systems. Engineering practice. 2010. No. 09].

Known measuring instruments can be used to measure parameter values.

For example, a destabilizing factor for a telecommunication network is a physical or technological process internal or external to the telecommunication network, leading to the failure of network elements (GOST R 53111-2008: Stability of the operation of a public communications network. Requirements and test methods. According to GOST R 53111-2008 the impact of destabilizing factors on telecommunication networks is divided into the impact of internal and external destabilizing factors. External destabilizing factors in relation to the telecommunication network are understood as such destabilizing factors, the sources of which are located outside the telecommunication network. Depending on the nature of the impact on the elements of the telecommunication network, external destabilizing factors are divided into classes: mechanical (seismic shock, blast shock wave, ballistic impact); electromagnetic (low-frequency radiation, high-frequency radiation, microwave radiation, electromagnetic pulse); ionization emitting (alpha radiation, beta radiation, gamma radiation, neutron radiation); thermal (light radiation of the explosion). Internal destabilizing factors in relation to the telecommunication network are understood as destabilizing factors, the sources of influence of which are within the telecommunication network and there is sufficient information about the characteristics of their impacts, which allows making effective decisions on their localization and carrying out appropriate preventive and repair and restoration measures at all stages, from development and production of telecommunication facilities prior to the design and operation of telecommunication networks. The most common sources of internal destabilizing factors are: the quality of electrical contacts; aging of electrical radioelements (change in their characteristics over time); violation of electromagnetic compatibility (violation of shielding, grounding, filtration) and, as a result, deterioration of the resistance of telecommunication equipment to electromagnetic interference; power outages. The parameters characterizing the destabilizing factor can be: for example, for a seismic wave (mechanical external destabilizing factors) - the wave amplitude, its speed (acceleration), pulse duration (number of phases in the pulse), etc. (Geological Dictionary. V.2. M .: Nedra, 1973. - 456 p., P. 135); for an electromagnetic pulse (electromagnetic external destabilizing factors) - changes in the strengths of the electric and magnetic fields in time (pulse shape) and their orientation in space, as well as the value of the maximum field strength (Electromagnetic pulse. Electronic resource www: // http: // gochs. info / p0967.htm. Date of last access 08.12.2019; Loborev V.M. (ed.) Physics of a nuclear explosion. Volume 1.M .: Nauka, 1997. - 528 p., p. 85 - 120), main parameters electromagnetic radiation - frequency, intensity of electric and magnetic fields (Bogush V.A., Torbotko T.V., Gusinsky A.V. and others. Electromagnetic radiation methods and means of protection. Edited by L.M. Lynkov. - Mn .: Bestprint, 2003. - 406 p., Pp. 11-54), etc.

These parameters can be measured using known means, such as, for example, analyzers, magnetometers, meters of the strength of electromagnetic fields [Electronic resource. https://100priborov.ru/pribory-dlya-izmereniya-elektromagnitnogo-izlucheniya-emi-2018.html#i . Date of circulation 05/20/2020; Electronic resource. http://ekosf.ru/fizicheskie-faktory/elektromagnitnye-polya . Date of circulation 05/20/2020; Electronic resource. https://skomplekt.com/mag/1/files/TDA-9_rukov_part1.pdf. Date of treatment May 20, 2020] For measuring parameters, both separate and built-in measuring instruments and measuring complexes can be used. So, to measure a fiber-optic transmission system, the following are used: a reflectometer for measuring the characteristics of a linear path (optical fiber) (access mode: https://skomplekt.com/solution/reflekt.htm/. Date of access: 05/14/2020), coherent meters of scattered signals for measuring the characteristics of fiber-optic lines and detecting destructive effects on them (access mode: https://t8-sensor.ru/, https://fibertop.ru/poisk_i_ustranenie_neispravnostey_na_vols_s_pom_reflectometra_930 .XC.htm. 14.05. 2020), optical power meters for determining signal parameters (access mode: https://skomplekt.com/solution/optm.htm/. Date of access: 05/14/2020), analyzers of transport networks for testing channel equipment (mode access: https://skomplekt.com/tovar/1/3/31/. Date of access: 05/14/2020), etc.

In block 2, the destructive effects that have taken place are recorded (identified). The identification of destructive effects is possible on the basis of establishing deviations of the characteristics of the network elements from their standard ranges of values in the current operating modes and at the current load [Evaluation of the effectiveness of destructive program influences on communication networks / Grechishnikov E. V., Dobryshin M. M. Control systems, communications and security, No. 2, 2015. - S. 135-146].

In block 3, the technical condition of the elements of the communication network is assessed for which:

In block 4, the number of functioning elements of the communication network and the nature of their failures are determined. The number of functioning elements determines the connectivity of the network, and the nature of failures determines the types of destructive influences.

In block 5, the values of the communication line throughput, memory characteristics and productivity of communication nodes are estimated. For this purpose, these characteristics are measured and compared with the planned (forecast) values of the network load. Measurement of the characteristics of network elements is possible both on the entire network and separately, for example, using specialized software (for example, the network equipment management system of the T8 company of the NMS Fractal transport communication networks; access mode: http: // t8. ru /? page_id = 186, date of treatment 05/14/2020).

In block 6, network elements that will inevitably fail are determined. The failures detected in block 4 and their nature can lead to inevitable failure of network elements in a limited period of time or deterioration of their characteristics.

Further, in block 7, the time during which these elements will be in a working state is predicted. For example, if the centralized power supply of telecommunication facilities is disrupted, their operating time will be determined by the resources of guaranteed and backup power sources.

In block 8, the recovery time of the failed network elements is predicted. To fulfill the requirements for the accuracy of forecasting, it is necessary to collect statistical data, the volume of which will allow meeting the requirements for forecasting over a set period of time (Working book on forecasting / Ed. I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada. - M .: Mysl, 1982. - 426 from.). For this, you can use the statistical data of the existing communication networks in the modes of operation and commissioning. Considering that the method involves determining the nature of failures of the elements of a communication network, as well as a huge number of permanently operating communication networks that record the state of their elements, the forecasting accuracy when accessing the corresponding volume of statistics will be high.

In block 9, for each information direction, all possible transmission routes of data blocks that differ from each other by at least one element are determined.

Formation of routes can be carried out using a computer using known algorithms. For example: Dijkstra's algorithm (finds the shortest path from one of the vertices of the graph to all the others in the weighted graph. The weight of the edges must be positive); Bellman - Ford algorithm (finds the shortest paths from one vertex of the graph to all the others in the weighted graph. The weight of the edges can be negative); Search algorithm A * (finds the route with the lowest cost from one vertex (initial) to another (target, final), using the search algorithm by the first best match on the graph); Floyd-Warshall algorithm (finds the shortest paths between all vertices of a weighted directed graph); Johnson's algorithm (finds the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices of a weighted directed graph); Lee's algorithm (wave algorithm, finds a path between the vertices of a planar graph containing the minimum number of intermediate vertices (edges); Kildall's algorithm.

In block 10, the condition of finding at least one route for transmitting data blocks is checked.

If there are transmission routes for data blocks in block 11, the bandwidth utilization factor for all communication lines and the utilization factor of the communication nodes' productivity are calculated. In this case, the coefficients are the ratio of the load on the lines and communication nodes to their bandwidth and productivity resources:

,

,

,

,

- коэффициент использования пропускной способности линии связи,

- битовая скорость i-го информационного направления,

- пропускная способность линии связи, I - количество информационных направлений, проходящих через линию связи;

- коэффициент использования производительности узла связи,

- нагрузка на производительность j-го информационного направления,

- производительность узла связи, J - количество информационных направлений, обслуживаемых узлом связи.Where

- the utilization factor of the communication line capacity,

- bit rate of the i- th information direction,

- communication line capacity, I - number of information directions passing through the communication line;

- the utilization factor of the communication center performance,

- load on the performance of the j -th information direction,

is the productivity of the communication node, J is the number of information directions served by the communication node.

In block 12, a threshold value is set for these coefficients:

,

,

,

,

- пороговое значение коэффициента использования пропускной способности линии связи,

- пороговое значение коэффициента использования производительности узла связи.Where

- the threshold value of the utilization factor of the communication line bandwidth,

- the threshold value of the utilization factor of the productivity of the communication node.

In modern telecommunication systems, exceeding the load on the performance of their elements leads to a complete collapse of the latter. This is a characteristic feature and disadvantage of any hardware and software tool, and it is precisely this disadvantage that DoS and DDoS attacks are aimed at. Threshold values of bandwidth utilization and performance are necessary to prevent congestion of lines and communication nodes, and they must be adaptive to the state of the communication network. When designing networks, the performance of nodes and the throughput of communication lines correspond to each other, i.e. with a full load of communication lines, the performance of nodes must cope with the load arriving on them (Design and modeling of communication networks. Laboratory workshop / VN Tarasov, NF Bakhareva, SV Malakhov, YA Ushakov. SPb. : Lan, 2019 - 240 p.). Under destructive influences, the performance of communication nodes can significantly decrease and the invariably high load coming from the lines will lead to overload of the nodes, i.e. network elements can become completely inoperable. To prevent the collapse of communication nodes, it is necessary to match their performance and load, namely, to dynamically adjust the threshold values of the line throughput coefficients and the performance of communication nodes.

In block 13, the original route of transmission of data blocks of each information direction is adjusted according to the criteria of minimizing the use of the bandwidth of communication lines and minimizing the use of the productivity of communication nodes, taking into account the categories of data priorities, failure and restoration of communication network elements.

Data prioritization is a communication network function designed to increase the likelihood of high priority data transmission at a given time with high load, congestion or degradation of network resources (classification and identification of traffic in a multiservice network of a telecom operator / Kuzmin V.V. Modern problems of science and education. 2014. - No. 5).

Under destructive influences, network elements, partially or completely, will restore their functioning, which will lead to a change in the volume of network resources and, consequently, routing.

If, when checking the condition in block 10, there are no traffic transmission routes for information directions, then in block 14 the data blocks of information directions are stored in the buffer memory at those network switching nodes where the initial routing option was interrupted.

In block 15, the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the switching nodes is calculated

- коэффициент использования буферной памяти на узлах коммутации,

- объем хранящихся в буферной памяти узла коммутации данных j-го информационного направления,

- объем буферной памяти узла коммутации, J - количество информационных направлений, обслуживаемых узлом связи;
и задают пороговый уровень коэффициента использования буферной памяти на узлах коммутации

:

is the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the switching nodes,

- the amount of data stored in the buffer memory of the switching nodej-th information direction,

- the volume of the buffer memory of the switching node,J - the number of information directions served by the communication center;
and set the threshold level of the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the switching nodes

:

.

...

In block 16, the value of the buffer memory coefficient is stored and monitored at all switching nodes in the initial routing option. The characteristics of the memory indicators of communication nodes are taken into account in its memory register. The request to the registry is made automatically or automated using standard commands (for example, the "free - m" command in Linux).

In block 17, the data blocks stored in the buffer memory of the switching nodes are identified with respect to one or another information direction. Information directions are identified by the service headers of the data blocks. In various protocol stacks (for example: FDDI, Token ring, Ethernet, ATM), service headers have different structures, but, at the same time, they necessarily contain data about the sender and the receiver (Olifer V., Olifer N. Computer networks. Principles, technologies, protocols : Textbook for universities. 5th ed. - SPb .: Peter, 2016. - 992 p .: ill.).

In block 18, for each information direction, all possible, after restoration of the communication network elements, transmission routes of data blocks differing from each other by at least one element are determined. Routes are determined by establishing the switching node where the route was interrupted as the original route node. Formation of routes can be carried out using a computer according to known algorithms, examples of which are given in the description of block 9.

In block 19, the recovery time of these routes is predicted. To fulfill the requirements for the accuracy of forecasting, it is necessary to collect statistical data, the volume of which will allow meeting the requirements for forecasting over a set period of time (Working book on forecasting / Ed. I.V. Bestuzhev-Lada. - M .: Mysl, 1982. - 426 from.). For this, you can use the statistical data of the existing communication networks in the modes of operation and commissioning. Considering that the method involves determining the nature of failures of the elements of a communication network, as well as a huge number of permanently operating communication networks that record the state of their elements, the forecasting accuracy when accessing the corresponding volume of statistics will be high.

In block 20, a variational series of route recovery times is constructed for each information direction. A series of variations can be constructed according to well-known algorithms using a computer (Variational series and their characteristics / I.G. Venetsky. M .: Statistics, 1970 - 160 p .; Probability theory / E.S. Ventzel. M .: State publishing house of physics - mathematical literature, 1962 - 564 p.).

In block 21, the initial route of each information direction is adjusted according to the seniority of the members of the variation series of the route restoration time and the criterion for minimizing the use of the buffer memory. In this case, the priority criterion in the correction of the route is the seniority of the members of the variation series. If the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the nearest route switching node, taking into account the data recording of the information direction, exceeds the threshold value during the recovery period of the next network element, then they go to the next route, according to the seniority of the members of the variation series, etc.

In block 22, when recovering routes, the stored data blocks of information directions are transmitted to the next, in accordance with the adjusted, in block 21, network element with a transition to block 10 for further control of the routing of data transmission of the information direction.

Thus, due to the redistribution and coordination of heterogeneous resources of the communication network (dynamic correction of routing), including in the absence of a permanent route, the probability of transmission of data blocks operating in the communication network of information directions increases, and hence the stability of the communication network. The technical result has been achieved.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the stability of a communication network with memory, which consists in controlling the values of destructive effects on the elements of the telecommunication network, assessing the technical condition of the elements of the communication network, estimating the value of the communication line throughput and predicting the time during which the elements of the network will be in a working state, characterized in that they record the destructive effects that have taken place, to assess the technical state, they determine the number of functioning elements of the communication network and the nature of their failures, evaluate the characteristics of memory and the performance of communication nodes, determine the network elements that will inevitably fail, predict the recovery time of the failed network elements , determine for each information direction all possible transmission routes of data blocks that differ from each other by at least one element, check the condition for finding at least one transmission route of data blocks, in the presence of ma The transmission routes of data blocks calculate the bandwidth utilization factor for all communication lines and the utilization factor of the communication nodes performance, set the threshold value for these coefficients, adjust the original transmission route of the data blocks of each information direction according to the criteria of minimizing the use of the communication line bandwidth and minimizing the utilization of the communication nodes productivity taking into account the categories of data priorities, failure and restoration of communication network elements, in the absence of transmission routes for data blocks of information directions, data blocks of information directions are stored in the buffer memory at those network switching nodes where the initial routing option was interrupted, the utilization factor of the buffer memory at the nodes is calculated switching, set its threshold level, store and control the value of the buffer memory coefficient at all switching nodes with the original routing option , identify the data blocks stored in the buffer memory of the switching nodes in relation to a particular information direction, determine for each information direction all possible transmission routes of data blocks that differ from each other by at least one element for each information direction, predicting the recovery time of these routes , construct a variation series of route recovery times for each information direction, correct the original route of each information direction according to the seniority of the members of the route recovery time variation series and the criterion for minimizing the use of buffer memory, transmit the stored data blocks of information directions when recovering transmission routes of data blocks.

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