RU2734084C1 - Sports thrower and its accessories (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bows; crossbows.

SUBSTANCE: sports thrower (bow or crossbow) contains flexible arms, at the ends of which elastic plates or levers at an acute angle to the string are rigidly installed. Bowstring is fixed on free ends of plates and levers. At the ends of rigid arms, rigid levers are rigidly connected to shoulders by springs. Free ends of levers are directed towards shot, and angle between them and shoulders is less than 90 degrees. Tension is tightened by rigid shoulders with the help of one- and multi-gang tackles. Rigid arms can have L-like or T-shape. Onion stabilizer is made in form of fast rotating solid disc with electric or mechanical drive. Force of springs can be supplemented with permanent or electric magnets. Arrow is fixed at tensioned string with release mechanism. There is a signaling device for full tension of the bowstring without using the clicker. Arrow in shank has elongated mounting groove and recess for archer's fingers. Arrow may include aerodynamic tip with displaced center of gravity and wing or tip with high-voltage generator actuated at arrow impact to target. Trigger tension device engages arrow with archer's hand.

EFFECT: reduced dimensions, increased convenience of use, increased shot power.

38 cl, 93 dwg

Description

The invention relates to sports throwing projectiles and can be used to create inexpensive and powerful enough bows and crossbows for sports training, competitions and sports hunting.

Known throwing device containing a handle with a shelf for storing arrows and a bowstring (see, for example, US patent No. 5.054.463, publ. 08.10.1991).

It is also known a throwing device containing a handle with a shelf for storing arrows and a bowstring, and at the ends of the handle, at least one lever is installed, at one end of which a roller or block is installed through which the bowstring passes, and the other end is connected to the handle ( see RF patent No. 2355978, IPC F 41B5, publ. 20.05.2009).

Also known is a sporting and hunting bow containing a handle with a shelf for storing arrows and a string tensioning system with two blocks and with elastic elements in the form of springs connected at one end with blocks through eccentric shafts, and at the other end with a handle (see US patent 6.698 .413, publ. 03/02/2004).

A lever-spring throwing device is also known, in which the levers installed at the ends of the handle are made in the form of rigid levers of the second kind with a rolling axis passing perpendicular to the plane in which the handle and bowstring lie, and the ends of the levers with the handle are connected through the main tension springs , and projections are rigidly mounted on the levers, the free ends of which interact with the handle through an auxiliary spring, and the ends of the bowstring are connected to the handle in the area between the axes of the levers and the shelf (see RF patent 2631091, IPC F 41B 5/00, publ. 09/18/2017 ).

It is also known a block-spring throwing device containing a handle with a shelf for storing an arrow and a string tensioning system with an elastic element in the form of a spring, connected at one end to the blocks, and at the other end to the handle, in which the blocks are rigidly connected each with its own shaft installed with the possibility of rotation around its axis at the ends of the handle, and each shaft contains at least one crank connected through a tension spring to the handle (see RF patent 2616772, IPC F 41B 5/10, publ. 18.04.2017).

The known designs of sports throwing devices that are used in the form of bows and crossbows have the following disadvantages.

1. Low shot stability

The bowstring of throwing devices made in the form of bows (traditional, classical, block) is pulled by the fingers of the pulling hand, or by the pulling hand holding a special hammer-type device called "release".

When hunting, using the release to pull the string is impossible, because he practically "turns off" one hand from work and extremely slows down the hunter's actions. In addition, due to the rules, the release cannot be used in archery competitions.

When pulling the bowstring with fingers during its release, the bowstring "rolls" from the fingers to the side of the palm, and at the initial moment of the shot it pushes the arrow not in a vertical plane passing through the bowstring and the bow's shoulders until the moment of lowering. Because of this, the boom vibrates in the horizontal plane, which during its flight are extinguished due to the friction of the boom on the air and due to the presence of the tail.

The process of rolling the bowstring off the fingers is very unstable, because it depends on factors such as the rate of relaxation of the shooter's fingers, the thickness of the wax or paraffin layer that covers the string, and the trajectory of the pulling hand. All of these factors cannot be the same from shot to shot. For example, in the production of a series of shots in a competition, the thickness of the wax coating of the bowstring decreases from shot to shot due to the fact that the shooter's fingers "scrape off" it. The rules stipulate a series of 12 shots, and the last shots are fired with a "dry" bowstring, which is almost impossible to correct.

2. Low shot accuracy

2.1. When holding the bowstring taut for a long time.

This disadvantage is strongly manifested when using a bow as a weapon in sport hunting. Especially when the shooter is in ambush. The shooter is forced to be ready to fire for a long time, and keeps the bow almost fully taut. At the same time, he gets tired, which negatively affects the accuracy of the shot.

2.2. When shooting a classic bow in competition

In competitions, the moment of releasing the bowstring is determined by the clicker, which is an elastic plate that presses the arrow against the spring-loaded rod of the plunger. The moment the bowstring is fully pulled, the arrow slides out from under the clicker, and he hits the anvil, making a click sound. It is at this moment that the shooter releases the bowstring. Such operation of the clicker provides the same string tension from shot to shot, because all arrows are the same length.

However, when the arrow is released from the clicker, it is pushed off by the spring-loaded plunger shaft and slides along the ledge, moving away from the bow handle. In this case, the arrow is already starting to move forward. This behavior of the boom is extremely unstable, leading to difficult to predict lateral movement and lateral vibrations, which negatively affects the stability of hitting the target.

In addition, if the shooter has already pulled the arrow out from under the clicker, he is forced to fire a shot, even if at the last moment he realizes that the process of pulling the bowstring was unsuccessful. Or he should completely postpone the shot and start a new preparation for it. All this leads in the first case to an inaccurate shot, and in the second case - to additional movements and fatigue of the shooter.

3. Large dimensions of the bow

The dimensions (especially the length) of the bow strongly depend on the amount of stretch of the bowstring. Usually it is from 30 to 50 cm, and the length of a bow for an adult shooter is 140 cm and more. Otherwise, the angle between the branches of the bowstring with its full tension becomes too small, and squeezes the fingers of the hand, which pulls the bowstring, pressing them against the arrow shank, which is unacceptable. In addition, the shoulders of a short bow undergo a large relative bend to ensure full stroke of the bowstring with a sufficiently large pulling force, which forces manufacturers to use very expensive materials for their manufacture, and even one accidental blank shot can lead to shoulder breakage.

Another drawback is that it is difficult to hunt with a long bow. in the process of hunting, the shooter has to overcome various obstacles - tall grass, thickets of bushes, etc.

4. Not optimal dependence of the transfer of the bowstring force to the arrow

In all known bow designs, the strength of the bowstring increases as it is pulled and, accordingly, decreases in the process of firing, when the bowstring moves to the handle. In block bows, at the end of the pull, due to the operation of eccentric blocks, the force is reduced (down to practically zero), which has a positive effect on the shooter's performance. However, all the rest of the tension from the beginning to the maximum occurs with increasing force as the string is pulled. This leads to the fact that after the descent of the arrow, the maximum force acts on it, the arrow loses stability and begins to oscillate across its axis. In addition, at the end of the descent of the arrow, its speed begins to exceed the speed of the bowstring, and the bowstring does not have time to transfer all the energy accumulated during its pulling to the arrow.

It is optimal to gradually increase the force acting on the boom from the position of maximum tension to a position where the tension is equal to zero. In this case, the arrow is gradually accelerated with the minimum effort required for its acceleration, the arrow does not lose stability, and the bowstring does not lag behind the arrow and transfers energy to it during the entire acceleration.

5. Large size sport bow with stabilizer

During the competition, stabilizers of the bow position are used, which prevent its vibrations arising during the shot, which increases the shooting accuracy. The principle of operation of the stabilizer is that it not only increases the mass of the bow, but, having a large static moment of inertia, prevents the bow from vibrating and shifting during the descent of the arrow.

The best stabilizers are made in the form of a long rod with lateral branches that attaches to the handle. At the same time, the lateral projection of the bow and the effect of wind gusts on it, which "lead" the aiming line to the side, greatly increase.

At present, stabilizers are also used during hunting, for which short stabilizers have been developed, but they are ineffective for accurate target shooting.

6. Great inconvenience when shooting at long (more than 50 - 60 meters) distances.

When shooting at a long distance, a significant adjustment of the sight is required, and when shooting from a traditional bow - a large elevation of the intuitive aiming line, in which it is difficult to simultaneously control both the object of the hunt and the position of the bow. This is due to the fact that the conventional sport and hunting arrow has a pronounced parabolic flight path.

7. Difficulty of selecting the value of the bowstring tension when training beginner athletes.

The tension of the bowstring at the beginning of the training process should be small even for adults, no more than 10 - 12 kilograms, and it should increase gradually as the shooter's skills increase. In existing designs of traditional and classic bows, this can be done by changing the length of the bowstring - the longer the bowstring, the less its pulling force. This is very inconvenient because each string will have to be made independently, and this is a very difficult process. And practically a novice shooter has to purchase several bows.

8. Very high bowstring tension for hunting bows and crossbows.

The rules of hunting with the use of throwing weapons provide for the use of bows with a string tension of at least 27 kg. This requirement is due to the fact that a weak bow will only frighten and injure the beast, the hunter, most likely, will not be able to catch up with (get) him, and the beast will die uselessly from loss of blood. Or become disabled, which is not humane.

However, pull the bow with a force of 27 kg. and more and at the same time hitting the target at a distance of at least 30 meters (the usual distance for sport hunting with a bow) can only be a well-trained archer, and these strength training takes many years. At the same time, almost any adult can just learn to shoot accurately from a bow with a pulling force typical for sports bows (about 15-20 kg) in a few months.

This disadvantage greatly inhibits the transition of sportsmen-hunters from firearms to throwing ones.

9. For poultry and small animals, ordinary hunting arrows are used. In this case, an arrow hitting the target leads to severe deformation, and sometimes to rupture of the carcass, which sharply reduces the aesthetics of hunting and spoils the game.

Thus, the following problems arise that need to be solved in order to improve the performance of bows and crossbows.

1. To increase the accuracy and stability of the shot without changing the aiming system, which is determined by the rules of sports competitions for classic bows, and without making changes that would complicate the process of aiming and lowering the bowstring.

2. To reduce the size of the bow, without reducing its power, and without using expensive materials.

3. To increase the power of the bow or crossbow without increasing the force of the shooter by changing the dependence of the force acting on the arrow from the side of the bowstring on its stroke.

4. Reduce the size of the stabilizer without compromising its properties.

5. Improve shooting convenience.

6. To ensure an increase in the aesthetics of hunting poultry and small game.

That is, in general, there is a technical problem of improving the basic operational properties of throwing devices - bows and crossbows.

Brief description of the group of inventions

The above technical problem is solved as follows.

1. Rigid or elastic rods or plates are rigidly attached to the ends of the elastic arms with one end directed by the second end towards the tip of the arrow installed in the throwing device, and the bowstring is fixed with its ends on the second ends of these rods, and the angle between the rods and the arms can be less than 90 degrees.

2. The handle is equipped with protrusions, which are in contact with elastic shoulders when the string is pulled, and the protrusions can be made with the possibility of moving relative to the handle and fixing on it.

3. When using rigid arms and levers, the levers are made in the form of levers of a regular type with a pivot axis located at the ends of the shoulders, and the bowstring is fixed at the free ends of these levers, and the levers are directed towards the arrow flight at an angle less than 90 degrees to the bowstring line , and the levers can have a spiral shape with the beginning of the spiral in the zone of their pivot axis.

4. When using rigid arms and rotary blocks, the string tensioning device is made in the form of one or multi-strand pulley blocks placed on the shoulders.

5. When using rigid arms and pivot arms, the latter are made L-shaped, with the short arm of the arms facing away from the boom line and connected to the spring, and a block is installed at the end of the long arm.

6. When using rigid arms and main pivot levers of the second kind, having an auxiliary lever, each auxiliary lever has its own axis of rotation and a protrusion or depression, engaging, respectively, with the depression or protrusion of the main levers, and the ratio of the distances from the axis of rotation to the circle of engagement of the protrusions and the valleys of the main R and auxiliary levers r of the levers are greater than one.

7. When using a stabilizer on the bow, the latter is made in the form of a rapidly rotating body such as a massive disk, which is rotated by an electric motor or manually.

8. When using rigid arms and pivot levers of the second kind with springs, windings of electromagnets are installed on the handle or arms along the action of the springs, to the anchors of which the said springs are attached, and these anchors are cabled or directly attached to the ends of the two-armed levers, and a switch is installed on the handle, connecting the windings of the electromagnets with the power source, while part of the handle or arms can be made in the form of cores of the winding of the electromagnets having platforms facing the side of the compression springs, and at the ends of each lever a heel is installed against which the compression spring abuts.

9. When using flexible arms, brackets are fixedly mounted on the handle at one end, at the other end of which permanent magnets are fixed, and steel plates are fixedly fixed on the flexible arms in such a way that in the initial state, with the bowstring not extended, the plane of these plates contacts or is on the minimum possible distance from the plane of permanent magnets, and when using rigid arms and levers with blocks, steel plates are mounted on these levers, and permanent magnets are fixed at the ends of the arms.

10. The device for fixing the boom is made in the form of a pivoting lever having a trigger and a working end, which is kinematically connected to the boom through a lock with the bowstring fully stretched, and on the boom in the area after the point there is at least one protrusion or one depression in contact respectively, with a depression or protrusion of the lock, and the latter can be made in the form of a spring-loaded bracket, kinematically connected to the working end of the pivot arm.

11. The signaling device of the full extension of the bowstring is made in the form of a bracket fixed to the handle with the possibility of fixing it relative to the handle, on which a sound-reproducing or light signaling device is installed with the possibility of its contact with one of the arms when the bowstring is fully extended.

12. The bow sight is made in the form of a plate with a curved groove and a pivot beam, the pivot axis of which is fixed on the plate, and the beam has a pin that goes into the said groove and is equipped with a fixing device.

13. The shank of the boom has a device for coupling the boom with the pulling arm of the arrow, made in the form of a one or two-sided recess lying within the length of the shank.

14. The boom has a tip made in the form of an elongated aerodynamic body of the spindle type, the center of gravity of this body is offset relative to the axis of the boom rod, and on the opposite side from the center of gravity an aerodynamic wing is rigidly attached to this body.

15. Two pins are installed in the arrowhead, the sharpened ends of which protrude in front of the arrowhead in the direction of the arrow flight, and the other two ends are connected to a piezoelectric element installed in the arrowhead, behind which a striker spring-loaded towards the boom rod is placed to move along the arrowhead.

16. The trigger tensioner for the bow has a body with a recess for the boom shank and a controllable latch, which is made in the form of an elastic plate with a protrusion at the end that engages with the boom hook when it is installed in the device, and the movable in the plane abuts against this elastic plate its elastic movement is a pin installed in the housing with the ability to act on it with the finger of the pulling hand.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 and 2 show a bow with flexible arms and levers rigidly fixed at the ends of the arms and facing towards the arrowhead, and FIG. 3-7 - the stages of pulling the bowstring of such a bow.

FIG. 8-10 show a bow with flexible arms and levers, equipped with a support for flexible shoulders.

FIG. 11-13 depicts a bow with rigid shoulders and levers pivotally attached to them, pulled to the shoulders by means of tension springs, and FIG. 14-17 - the same bow with spiral levers.

FIG. 18-20 depicts a bow with rigid shoulders and a bowstring tensioning device in the form of a single chain hoist, and with rods to which tension springs are attached and which are located at an acute angle to the shoulders.

FIG. 21 shows a bow similar to that shown in FIG. 18, with a single pulley for tensioning the bowstring on each fixed arm and with a tension spring attached to the pulley block, which is attached to an additional rod.

FIG. 22 depicts a bow with rigid shoulders and a single pulley for tensioning the bowstring, with both arms provided with a middle and extreme rods, with the outer rods forming a horizontal shelf of the letter "T" with the shoulders, and in FIG. 23 - a similar design with a double chain hoist ..

FIG. 24 shows a bow with stiff shoulders and rods with a single chain hoist similar to that shown in FIG. 22, with the extreme rods forming a horizontal shelf of the letter "G" with the shoulders, and, together with the middle rods, face opposite to the direction of flight of the boom, and in FIG. 25 -27 - a similar design in which the string is thrown over the blocks, the axis of rotation of which is eccentric to the outer circumference of the block.

FIG. 28-32 depicts a bow in which the bowstring is fixed on blocks with a variable radius, and on these blocks blocks are fixed, connected through double cables through pulley blocks with a tension device.

Figs 33 and 34 show a bow similar to that of Figs. 22, but with a multi-strand chain hoist, and in Fig. 35 and 36 - other options for using the multi-strand chain hoist in the design of a bow with rigid shoulders.

FIG. 37-40 show designs of bows with L-shaped levers of the second kind, the short ends of which are pulled through springs to the fixed arms, and on the long ends of which there are blocks through which the string is thrown.

FIG. 41-46 show designs of a bow with rigid shoulders and two-armed levers of the second kind hinged on them, through the long ends of which a bowstring is thrown through the blocks installed on them, additional levers are installed at the ends of the shoulders on the axles, which mesh with the two-armed levers and are connected by tension springs with shoulders or with two-arm levers.

FIG. 47-48 shows a bow with a stabilizer in the form of a rotating massive disk mounted on a handle, the rotation of which is provided by an electric motor.

FIG. 49 shows a rotating stabilizer with a built-in electric motor, and FIG. 50-52 stabilizer design with manual rotation of a massive stabilizer disc.

FIG. 53 and 54 show the design of a bow with rigid arms and levers of the second kind, for the working stroke of which electromagnets are used, and in FIG. 55-57 - device of electromagnets and electrical circuit for their control

FIG. 58 and 59 show a bow construction similar to that shown in FIGS. 53-54, but with electromagnet cores made as part of the rigid arms.

FIG. 60 and 61 show a bow design with flexible arms and permanent magnets mounted on levers attached to the handle.

FIG. 62 shows a bow with rigid shoulders and second class L-shaped levers with permanent magnets installed at the ends of the arms.

FIG. 63-66 shows the design of a bow with a device for fixing the arrow when the string is stretched, and in Fig. 67 and 68 - fixed boom.

FIG. 69-73 show a bow with flexible arms and a fully extended signaling device, and FIG. 74 and 75 - the same for a bow with stiff arms and spring-loaded levers.

FIG. 76-80 show sound reproducing devices for signaling.

FIG. 81 and 82 show the design of the sight in the form of a plate with a curved groove and a pivoting beam.

FIG. 83-86 shows a bow and arrow with a deep groove and a notch for the fingers of the pulling hand.

FIG. 87-89 show an aerodynamic boom and FIG. 90 - arrow with a stun gun in the tip.

FIG. Figures 91-93 show a trigger pull for tensioning the bowstring for firing and for releasing the arrow.

A sports throwing device, a bow (Fig. 1 and 2) contains a body in the form of a handle 1 with a device for installing an arrow 2 - shelves 3, elastic shoulders 4, a bowstring 5, and to the ends of the elastic shoulders 4 are rigidly attached at one end 6, rigid or elastic rods or plates 7 directed by the second end 8 towards the tip 9 of the arrow 2, and the bowstring 5 is fixed with its ends on the second ends 8 of these rods or plates 7. The arrow 2 with its shank 10 is installed on the bowstring 5. In this case, the angle α between the rods or plates 7 and shoulders 4 less than 90 degrees.

FIG. 8-10 shows a bow with elastic shoulders 4 and a handle 1, which is equipped with projections 11, which are in contact when the bowstring 5 is pulled out with elastic shoulders 4. These projections are installed on the brackets 12 with the possibility of their longitudinal movement relative to the handle 1 and fixation on it, which is ensured by the presence in the brackets of the grooves 12 and threaded rods 13 with nuts (Fig. 8, 9), or are stationary at the ends of the handle 1 (Fig. 10).

FIG. 11-13 shows a bow with rigid arms 14 with pivoting levers 15 installed at their ends, attracted to the arms 14 by tension springs 16 with a threaded device 17 for adjusting the pre-tensioning force of the springs 16. Levers 15 are made in the form of levers of the first kind with a pivot axis 18, placed at the ends of the arms 14, and the bowstring 5 is fixed at the free ends of these levers, and these levers are directed towards the flight of the arrow 2 at an angle β to the bowstring 5 line, less than 90 degrees. The threaded device 17 contains a bolt with an annular head passing through the hole of the bracket 19, fixed on the arm 14. The tension occurs by rotating the nut 20. The springs 16 are attached to the levers 15 through flexible cables 21.

FIG. 14-17 shows a similar device, but with levers 22 having a spiral shape with the beginning of the spiral in the region of the pivot axis 18 of the lever. The flexible arms 14 in this example have longitudinal grooves 23, and the arms 22 have rotation limiters 24.

FIG. 18-20 shows a throwing device in which a single-strand chain hoist is used to tension the bowstring 5. On the rigid arms 14, additional fixed rods 25 are installed at an acute angle, at one end of which springs 16 are fixed, and at the other end there are grooves 26 with blocks 27 of pulley blocks, through which cables 28 are thrown, one end fixed on the spring 16, and the other on the rotary block 29, through which the bowstring 5 is thrown and on which is fixed. The block 27 is mounted on the axis 30 with the possibility of fixing it in the groove 26 using the threaded lock 31. The bowstring 5 is fixed to the rotary block using the pin 32.

FIG. 21 shows a throwing device with two additional levers 33 and 34 mounted on rigid arms 14. At one end of one of the levers, a bowstring 5 is fixed, and in the groove 35 of the other, an axis 36 with a pulley block 37 is located for free movement along the groove. Bowstring 5 is thrown over this block. Axle 36 is connected to arm 14 through tension springs 16, located in pairs on the outer sides of levers 34 and attached to pins 38.

FIG. 22 shows a bow in which both arms 14 are provided with a middle 40 and an extreme 41 rods, and the extreme rods 41 form a horizontal shelf of the letter "T" with the arms 14. The middle rods 40 are directed towards the flight of the boom 5. To them, tension springs 16 are attached at one end, axles 42 with pulley blocks 43 are attached to the other ends, and the bowstring 5 is fixed at the end of the extreme rod 41, thrown over the pulley block 43 and through an additional block 44 , installed at the end of the arm 14, and then through block 45.

A similar construction is shown in FIG. 23, where a double-strand pulley block was used with additional blocks 46 and 43 and two tension springs 16 on both sides of the rods 40.

FIG. 24 shows a bow in which both arms 14 are provided with a middle 50 and an extreme 51 rods. The outer rods 51 form a horizontal shelf of the letter "L" with the arms 14, and together with the middle rods 50 they face opposite to the direction of flight of the boom 2. To the middle rod 50 one end is attached to tension springs 52, to the other end of which axles 53 are attached with blocks 54 pulley blocks. The bowstring 5 is fixed at the ends of the shoulders 14 and is thrown over the blocks 54 of the chain hoists. Tension springs 52 may be peripherally bonded plates, or a stack of plates having a square, rectangular, polygonal, oval, or circular shape. In this example, these are two packs of rectangular plates fastened in the center.

FIG. 25-27 shows a similar example of the throwing device, in which the blocks 55, which are installed in front of the straight section of the bowstring 5, are made eccentric, and the bowstring 5 is thrown over them twice.

FIG. 28-32 show a throwing device, in which the bowstring 5 is fixed on rotary blocks 56 made with a variable radius, for example, in the form of a spiral. An additional double cable 59 is thrown over blocks 57 and 58 of the chain hoist. One pair of ends of this cable is thrown over additional blocks 60, rigidly connected from both sides to the pivot block 56, and fixed on these additional blocks 60. The other pair of ends is fixed on the middle rod 40 s using a threaded type tensioner comprising an ear-head bolt 61, a nut 62 and a bracket 63.

FIG. 33-36 shows the use of a multi-strand pulley block 64 for tensioning the bowstring 5. The pulley block (Fig. 34) consists of an upper set of blocks 65, freely sitting on an axis 66, and a lower set of blocks 67, freely sitting on an axis 68, which is mounted on a bracket 69, connected to a spring 16.

A sports throwing device such as a bow or crossbow shown in FIG. 37-39, contains a handle 1 with fixed arms 14 and a bowstring tensioner 5, made in the form of two-armed L-shaped levers 71 of the second kind. Short arms 72 of levers 71 are connected through tension springs 16, screws 62 with nuts 63 and brackets 64 with arms 14, Long arms 73 contain blocks 74 through which the bowstring is thrown 5. Short arms 72 are directed away from the boom line 2. Adjusting screw 75 serves to correct the initial position of the levers 71 for a given length of bowstring 5. Retract 76 is installed on shoulder 14 and serves to divert sections 77 of bowstring 5 from contact with boom 2.

FIG. 40 shows a similar device, on the long arms 73 of the L-shaped levers 71 of which additional blocks 78 are installed, through which the bowstring 5 is thrown.

FIG. 41-45 shows a sports throwing device in the form of a bow, containing a handle 3 with fixed arms 14 and a bowstring tensioner 5, made in the form of main two-armed levers of the second kind 80, the first short end 81 of which is connected through a tension spring 16 to the arm 14, and the second the long end 82 contains a block 74 through which the bowstring 5 is thrown. With each lever 80, one end 83 engages an auxiliary lever 84, the other end 85 of which is connected to a fixed arm 14 through a cable 86 and an additional tension spring 87. These auxiliary levers 84 have own rotation axes 88 and protrusions 89 engaging with the cavity 90 of the main levers 80, and the ratio of the distances from the axis of rotation to the circle of engagement of the protrusions 89 and valleys 90 of the main R and auxiliary levers r of the levers is greater than one - ) R / r (> 1.

FIG. 44 shows a bow containing a handle 1 with a place 3 for mounting an arrow 2, arms 4, a bowstring 5 and a device 91 for stabilizing the bow during the firing process, attached to the handle 1. This device 91 contains a body 92 rotating at a high speed.

FIG. 45 shows a cross-section of a device 91, which contains an electric motor 93, on the shaft 94 of which is fixed a massive body in the form of a disk 95 with an insert 96 made of metal with a high specific gravity, for example, of tungsten or lead. The engine 93 is installed in a housing 97, fixed to the handle 1 by means of a threaded connection 98, its shaft 94 has an additional support 99 in the form of a rolling bearing.

FIG. 46 shows a sectional view of a device 91, in which the electric motor comprises a stator 100 fixed in a housing 97, which is mounted on a handle 1, and a rotor 101 with windings 102 mounted on top of the stator 100 for rotation around the axis of the latter. The stator 100 may have coils connected to a power source, or may contain permanent magnets. The brushes 103 serve to supply electric current to the windings 102 of the rotor 101 through the manifold 104. The rotor 101 is mounted by rolling bearings 105 on the shaft 106. In this device, the rotor 101 with windings 102 acts as a massive disk.

FIG. 47-49 show a section through a mechanically driven device 91.

FIG. 47 and 48, a massive disk 93 is mounted and fixed by a key 107 on a shaft 108 with bearings 109. This shaft 108 is connected by means of a gear system 110 to a drive device (in the example in Figs. 47 and 48, this is a handle 111) in such a way that the transmission rotation from the handle 111 to the shaft 108 forms a multiplier.

The handle 111 is seated on a shaft 112 with a gear 113 rotating in bearings 114. The gear 113 transmits rotation to the gear blocks 115, 116 and the gear 117, which rotates the shaft 108.

FIG. 49 shows a similar drive arrangement in which drive is provided by a pulley 118 with tape or cable 119 loosely wound around it.

FIG. 50, 51 shows a sports throwing device in the form of a bow containing a handle 1 with a place 3 for installing an arrow 2, fixed arms 14 and a bowstring tensioner 5, made in the form of two-arm levers of the second kind 120 with axles 121. The first ends 122 of these levers are connected through springs 16 with an arm 14 (see also Figs. 52 and 53), and the second ends 123 contain a block 124 through which the bowstring is thrown 5. On the arms 14 along the action of the springs 16 windings 125 of electromagnets 126 are installed, to the armatures 127 of which the said springs 16 are attached These armatures 127 are attached by cables 128 to the first ends 122 of the two-arm levers 120, and a switch 129 is mounted on the handle 1, connecting the coils 125 of the electromagnets to the power supply 126 (see also Fig. 54).

The arrow 2 is pressed against the bow by a flexible plate - a clicker 130, which simultaneously forms an additional switch 132 together with the anvil 131 (see also Fig. 54).

The windings 125 are wound on the cores 133. The pre-tension of the bowstring is carried out by means of a threaded joint 134. Between the surface of the armature 127 and the core 133 are non-conductive spacers 135 and 136, made, for example, of electrical cardboard.

FIG. 55 and 56 show a bow design similar in effect, in which part of the arms 14 are made in the form of cores 137 of the winding of electromagnets having platforms 138 facing the compression springs 139, and a heel 140 is installed on the first ends 122 of each lever 120, against which the spring abuts compression 133. This spring with the other end through the adjusting bolt 141 rests on the bracket 142, fixed at the end of the arm 14.

FIG. 57 and 58 show the design of a bow, containing a body in the form of a handle 1 with a place 3 for mounting an arrow 2, elastic shoulders 4 and a bowstring 5. and on the handle 1 brackets 151 are fixedly mounted at one end 150, at the other end 152 of which permanent magnets 153 are fixed. Steel plates 154 are fixed on the elastic arms 4 in such a way that in the initial state, with the bowstring 5 not extended, the plane of these plates contacts or is at the minimum possible distance from the plane of the permanent magnets 153.

FIG. 59 shows a bow that contains a handle 1 with fixed arms 14 and a bowstring tensioner 5, made in the form of two-armed L-shaped levers 71 of the second kind. The short arm 72 of the levers 71 is connected through the tension spring 16, the screw 62 with the nut 63 and by means of the bracket 64 with the arm 14. The long arm 73 contains a block 74 through which the bowstring is thrown 5. The short arms 72 are directed away from the boom line 2. Adjustment screw 75 serves to adjust the initial position of the levers 71 for a given length of bowstring 5. Retract 76 is installed on shoulder 14 and serves to divert sections 77 of bowstring 5 from contact with boom 2. On levers 73 containing blocks 74, rigid steel plates 155 are installed. the ends of the arms 14 are fixed with permanent magnets 156 in such a way that in the initial state, when the bowstring 5 is not extended, the plane of the plates 155 contacts or is at a minimum possible distance from the plane of the permanent magnets 156.

FIG. 60-66 shows a bow containing a handle 1, a bowstring 5, elastic, shoulders 4 and a shelf 3 on which an arrow 2 is installed, having a point 160 and a shank 161 (Fig. 60-61), as well as a device for fixing the arrow 2 when fully extended bowstring (see also Figs. 62-66). This device is made in the form of a pivot arm 162 connected to the trigger 163 by a roller 164, and a latch 165 of the boom 2 in contact with the lever 162. The latch 165 has two claws 166 engaging with the recesses 167 in the boom rod 2 in the area of the tip 160, and is made in the form of a spring-loaded slider 168 with a guide rod 169, which can freely slide in the holes 170 of the bracket 171 attached to the handle 1. The movement of the grippers 166 occurs within the slots 172 in the handle 1.

FIG. 67-71 shows a sports throwing device in the form of a bow, containing a handle 1 with a shelf 175 for installing an arrow 2, a bowstring 5, elastic shoulders 4 and an indicator of the full extension of the bowstring 5. The signaling device is made in the form of a bracket 176 fixed on the handle 1 with the possibility of fixing it relative to handle 1 by means of an axial clamp 177. A sound-reproducing or light signaling device 178 is installed on the bracket 176, which is in contact with the arm 4 when the bowstring is fully extended 5. The shelf 175 is two wire half-loops fixed on the handle 1, the distance between which is less than the diameter of the boom rod 2 ...

FIG. 72-74 show a similar device with flexible 4 arms and arms 120.

FIG. 75-79 show examples of the signaling device 178.

FIG. 75 shows a sound reproducing device, which is made in the form of an elastic container 200, fixed on a bracket 176, with pneumatic acoustic devices 201 installed in its walls, for example, whistles.

FIG. 76 shows a sound reproducing device, which is made in the form of electronic generators of audio frequency 202, receiving electrical vibrations of audio frequency from a modulator (multivibrator) 203 connected to a power supply 204 through a switch 205. The device is assembled in a housing 206 and fixed on a bracket 176.

FIG. 77-79 shows a sound reproducing device, which is made in the form of bells 207, fixed in the housing 208 on elastic plates 209. In the housing 208, a spring-loaded spring 210 pin 211 is installed with the possibility of vertical (according to the drawing) movement, having protrusions 212 directed towards the bells 207 ...

FIG. 80-81 show a handle 1 of a bow with a shelf 175 for mounting an arrow 5, and a sight with a front sight 220, mounted on a handle 1. The sight is made in the form of a plate 221 with a curved groove 222 and a pivot beam 223, the threaded pivot of which 224 is fixed on the plate 221 The beam 223 has a pin 225, which fits into the said groove 222. The front sight 220 is mounted on a threaded rod 226 with a locknut 227 and has pins 228 that adjust the aiming distance. The position of the beam 223 is fixed by a locknut 229.

FIG. 82-85 depicts a bow 230 with a bowstring 5 and an arrow 2 having a rod 231 with a tip 232, a tail 233 and a shank 234 with a groove 235 for mating with a bowstring 5. The shank 234 has a device for coupling an arrow 5 with a pulling hand 236 arrow, made in in this example, in the form of a double-sided recess 237 lying within the length of the shank 234. The index 238 and middle 239 fingers of the pulling hand 236 are placed in the recesses 237 and compress the shank 234 of the boom 2.

FIG. 86-88 shows an arrow 2 having a tip 250 made in the form of an elongated aerodynamic body of the spindle type with a low drag coefficient, and the center of gravity 251 of this body is displaced relative to the axis 252 of the boom rod 2, on the opposite side from the center of gravity 251 to this body rigidly attached aerodynamic wing 253.

FIG. 89 shows a boom 2 having two pins 261 in a tip 260 made of a non-conductive material, the pointed ends 262 of which protrude in front of the tip 260 in the direction of flight of the boom. The other two ends are connected to a piezoelectric element 263 installed in the tip 260, behind which a massive striker 266, spring-loaded towards the rod 265 of the boom 2, is placed for movement along the hole 264 of the tip 260.

FIG. 90-93 shows a bow tensioner 230 containing a controllable boom latch 2 and having a housing 270 with a recess 271 for the shank 272 of the boom 2. The controllable latch is made in the form of an elastic plate 273 with a projection 274 at the end that engages with the boom hook 275 2 when installed in the device. This elastic plate 273 abuts a pin 276 movable in the plane of its elastic movement, installed in the housing 270 with the possibility of acting on it with the finger of the pulling hand 236, in this example, the thumb 277. To install the boom 2 into the recess 271, the shank 272 has a groove 278.

The bow shown in FIG. 1 - 7 works as follows.

At the beginning of the extension of the bowstring 5 (Fig. 3), the flexible plates 7 experience a relatively small force of almost pure compression and do not lose stability. Further (figure 4) this effort increases, the opening angle of the bowstring λ decreases. Then (FIG. 5), the angle α joint opening between the arm 4 and the plate 7 due to the strong bending arm 4 is increased to a critical value when the bowstring 5 begins to move away from the plate 7, and from the bowstring force begins to transmit on plate 7 noticeable tilting force. In this position, the opening angle of the bowstring is almost the same as the previous one.

With further stretching of the bowstring 5, the appeared overturning force on the plate 7 leads to the fact that it loses its stability and bends (Fig. 6). The opening angle of the bowstring remains practically the same, the pulling force of the bowstring remains the same due to the deflection of the plates 7.

Further (Fig. 7), with a slight increase in force, the final extension of the bowstring 5 occurs, and the shooter releases the arrow 2.

The advantages of this design over the conventional design are as follows:

- the active length of the bow with an unstretched bowstring (in the conditions of carrying a ready-to-use bow) is significantly less, i.e. the bow is more compact;

- about half of the length of the bowstring stretching occurs with a constant, close to the maximum possible, effort, which allows you to significantly increase the energy transmitted to the arrow in the process of a shot, or leave the energy the same, while reducing the bowstring pulling force.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 8-9 shows a similar design of the bow, in which adjustment of the elastic deformation of the shoulders 4 is introduced with the help of projections 11 movable relative to the handle 1 and fixed on the brackets 12. This allows you to adjust the distance of drawing the bowstring 5 and the moment of opening the plates 7, i.e. "Adjust" the bow to a specific shooter with his anthropometric data and physical capabilities. In the bow shown in FIG. 10, this adjustment is assumed by changing the diameter of the rollers, which are the 4 protrusions limiting the deflection of the shoulders.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 11-13 show a bow with fixed rigid arms 14 and pivoting levers 15 connected through tension springs 16 and threaded bowstring pretensioners 5 with arms 14.

In this design, even a small stretch of the bowstring 5 leads to significant stretching of the springs 16 and, accordingly, to a large effort on the bowstring. Then, (Fig. 13) the stretching of the bowstring occurs at practically the same force, i.e. the stretching of the springs 16 is negligible.

This allows you to get the maximum possible operation of the bowstring when it is lowered at a given tension. In this design, the bowstring presses with maximum force almost to the very end of the arrow from the bow, which increases its power.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

A bow of the design shown in FIG. 14 - 17. The difference here is that due to the shape of the levers 22 at the end of the extension of the bowstring 5, the force on the bowstring is reduced, because the length of the arm of the action of the bowstring on the lever 22 grows. This facilitates the possibility of long-term holding of the bowstring 5 in the extended state during aiming and enables the shooter to aim more carefully, which increases the accuracy of the shot.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 18-20 shows a compact bow design with a single-strand chain hoist. When pulling the bowstring 5, it rotates the blocks 29, which, in turn, pull the cables 28 and stretch the springs 16. That is, the structure, due to the presence of the rods 25, is, as it were, "folded" in a vertical plane and therefore is very compact. The amount of pre-tension of the bowstring 5 is adjusted by moving the blocks 27 and fixing them on the axis 30 using the lock 31.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

A similar bow design is shown in FIG. 21. Its difference from the previous one is that the tension of the bowstring 5 is organized by the spring-loaded block 37 of the chain hoist, which is movable. In this case, the classic property of pulley blocks is manifested - gain in strength, loss in distance. That is, a large stretch of the bowstring 5 (a large force applied to the bowstring) corresponds to a small displacement of the block 37 and, therefore, a small amount of tension of the spring 16. This is very advantageous, since allows to reduce the vertical size of the bow, as well as to reduce the inertia forces of the working (when lowering the bowstring) stroke of the spring 16 and block 37, which slow down the speed of the bowstring during the working stroke

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

The operation of the structure shown in FIG. 22 does not differ from the above. The difference is that it is structurally and technologically very simple, and can also be used for crossbows.

In the bow construction shown in FIG. 23, a double pulley block is used, which makes it possible to use very stiff springs 16, the stroke of which is very small when the bowstring 5 is pulled out normally. Accordingly, the inertia forces will also be very small. In addition, the lower the spring travel, the longer it retains its elastic properties, which is very important for stable shooting.

FIG. 24 shows the design of the bow, in which the bowstring tension mechanism is located on the side of the arrow and is a single-strand chain hoist. In this case, the weight distribution of the bow is better than when the tensioning mechanism is on the opposite side of the bow, i.e. from the outside relative to the handle 3, and the bow is more stable in the shooter's hand. This is made possible by the use of leaf tension springs 52, which are safe and, in the event of failure, do not pose a threat to the shooter, unlike coil springs.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 25-27 show a bow similar in structure to the bow shown in FIG. 24. The difference lies in the fact that the circles of the blocks 55 are eccentric to their pivot axes, which makes it possible to increase the leverage of the bowstring 5, and to reduce the force of the arrow's pulling hand at the end of the bowstring extension (Fig. 27). In order to prevent bowstring 5 from slipping on blocks 55, it is thrown over them twice, and when pulling bowstring 5 it works like a "noose" on block 55, increasing friction as the pulling force of bowstring 5 increases. Reducing the force at the end of pulling the bowstring has a positive effect on the accuracy of the shot.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 28-32 show the design and operation of a single pulley bow, in which a double cable 59 is attached to a cylindrical block 60. The cable 59 is pre-tensioned by a bolt 61. In this case, the spring 16 is stretched, and the tension force is transmitted to the block 60 in the form of a torque. The block 60 is fixedly fixed on the spiral block 56, and therefore, when the bowstring 5 is pulled out, the block 60 rotates together with the block 56. The advantage of this design is that the tension and, therefore, the force of the spring 16 depends only on the angle of rotation of the blocks 56, on which the bowstring 5 is fixed, and does not depend at all on the shape of block 56. This allows, when designing and making a bow, to "adjust" the characteristics of the process of stretching the bowstring 5 and the dependence of the force acting on the arrow 2 when lowering the bowstring on the distance traveled by it during the departure from the bow, under anthropological and physical data of the shooter, or under the conditions under which the shot is fired.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 33-36 show various applications of multi-strand chain hoists. The main meaning of such structures is to achieve the nominal stroke of the bowstring with a minimum tension of the spring 16, which increases the stability of the shot and its "sharpness", because, the less the tension of the spring, the lower the rate of its deformation, less acceleration and lower inertial forces, the beginning of the movement of the bowstring when fired.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 37-39 shows the device and operation of a bow with L-shaped levers. When pulling the bowstring 5, the springs 16 are stretched, the force on the bowstring increases. At the same time, the greater the angle the levers 73 are turned, the shorter is the length of the lever L , which creates a torque on which the force with which the string 5 is pulled out depends. Thus, the increase in the force on the string 5 grows more slowly than the springs 16 are stretched. to make the dependence of the force on the bowstring 5 on the value of its extension flatter with a large pre-tensioning force of the bowstring 5. This characteristic increases the work that can be done by the bowstring 5 when fired at a lower final tension, which increases the power of the shot.

The bow of FIG. 40, which uses a double chain hoist.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 41-43 show the design and operation of a bow with two-arm levers 80 and auxiliary levers 84.

In the initial state, the springs 16 and 87 through the levers 80 and 84 pre-tension the bowstring 5. In this case, their action depends on the force of the springs and their pre-tension when assembling and adjusting the bow, as well as on the distance from the point of attachment of the springs to the handle 14 to the axes of the levers to which they are attached. For the spring 87 - the distance A ₁ at 41 and 42 and the distance _A2 in FIG. 43, and for the springs 16 this is the distance B ₁ in FIG. 42 and B ₂ in FIG. 43.

When stretching the bowstring 5 from the initial state to the final state, the levers 80 rotate through a small angle, and therefore the distances B ₁ and B ₂ m are practically equal, the increase in the force on the bowstring 5 due to the operation of the spring 16 is a common phenomenon for lever bows.

Due to the fact that the radius R the circle along which the trough rotates is 90 times greater than the radius r turning the protrusion 89 in engagement with it, the rotation of the lever 84 occurs at a much greater angle, and therefore the distance AND ₂ becomes much smaller than AND ₁ ... Therefore, despite the fact that the spring 87 is lengthened and its tensile force increases, the impact of this spring through the lever 84 on the lever 80, and, therefore, the pulling force of the bowstring 5 decreases.

Thus, at the beginning of the extension of the bowstring 5, the force of the springs 16 and 87 exert a direct joint action, and during this period of the shot the force of this extension is maximum possible. In the process of stretching the bowstring, the spring 16 continues to exert a direct effect, and the effect of the spring 87 is reduced.

This circumstance allows at the beginning of the stretching process (and, accordingly, at the end of the descent process, when bowstring 5 finishes accelerating arrow 2) to have the maximum possible force on bowstring 5, and make the dependence of the tension force on the stretching length more gentle. This reduces the final pulling force of the bowstring while maintaining the power of the bow, which has a positive effect on shooting accuracy. Or, if necessary, you can maintain a high pulling force on the bowstring, and still get a much more powerful shot.

This technical solution can be used to create crossbows.

FIG. 44 and 45 show the simplest device for stabilizing the bow during the shot. Stabilization is carried out by attaching a bow to the handle 1 at the place where an inertial stabilizer in the form of a different shape and design of pins, a massive body 92, for example, a disc 95, which rotates at a high frequency by an electric motor 93, is usually attached.

This design uses Coriolis acceleration, that is, the "spinning top" or "gyroscopic effect".

The massive disc 95, untwisted before the start of the shot, resists vibrations of the bow in the vertical and horizontal plane.

The design is very compact, especially compared to traditional rods, which can be up to a meter in length or more, which makes it possible to simplify the shooting process, reduce the effect of crosswind on it, and use the stabilizer in conditions of sports hunting.

In the construction shown in FIG. 46, an electric motor rotor 101 is used as a massive disk, the main mass of which is made up of electrical windings 102. This design further increases the compactness of the stabilizer.

FIG. 47-49 show an inertial type stabilizer with a mechanical drive, which is achieved by rotating the handle 111 (Fig. 48) or by pulling the cable 119, which is wrapped around the pulley 118 (Fig. 49).

Before firing a shot, the shooter rotates the handle 111, spinning the massive disc 93 through the gear system (multiplier) 110, after which he aims and fires. In this case, the disc 93 rotates by inertia, performing its function.

Similarly, a shot is fired using the stabilizer shown in FIG. 49. Here, the unwinding of the disk 93 is carried out by a pulling motion, in which the cable 119 rotates the pulley 118.

FIG. 50-54 shows the design of a lever bow, in which the force of a pulling electromagnet is added to the tension of the tension spring, and the power of the electromagnet is manually turned on by pressing the switch 129, and its operation occurs when the arrow 2 comes out from under the clicker 130, which provides a constant force on the boom 2 at the moment of the shot.

When firing a shot, the shooter inserts an arrow under the clicker 130, disconnecting it from the anvil 131, takes aim, turns on the switch 129 and begins to pull the bowstring 5. In this case (see Figs. 52 and 53), the bowstring 5 through the levers 120 and cables 128 pulls the springs 16, fixed through the bodies of electromagnets 126 on the arms 14. Closing the switch 129 does not lead to the inclusion of the windings 125 of the electromagnets, because the second switch 132 (see Fig. 54) is still open, and therefore the force on the bowstring is determined only by the parameters of the springs 16.

After the bowstring is fully extended, the arrow 5 slides out from under the clicker 130, and under the action of its elastic properties it is connected to the anvil 131, thus connecting the electromagnets 125 to the power supply 126.

At the same moment, the shooter, having heard the click of the clicker 130 on the anvil 131, releases the arrow 5.

The inclusion of electromagnets 125 leads to a sharp increase in the force acting on the bowstring 5, because on the armature 127 when the windings 125 are turned on, a magnetic field begins to act, pulling the armature in the direction of the windings 125, i.e. in the direction of the springs 16.

Thus, at the moment the arrow releases the bowstring 5, its force increases by the magnitude of the pulling force of the electromagnets 126, which increases as the armature 127 enters the core 133, since The "shelf" of the armature approaches the core 133. This circumstance compensates for the weakening of the effect of the bowstring 5 on the boom 2 when using only the springs 16 as the bowstring 5 moves when the boom 2 is pushed out.

In this design, it is possible to reduce the pulling force of the bowstring 5 to the minimum required to hold the bow in a stable state during the shot - this is about 8-10 kilograms of force. But at the same time, to provide high power of the bow due to the power of electromagnets, which is more than enough for shooting at the maximum sporting distance (90 meters) and for sport hunting for large animals. Reducing the same effort of the shooter when pulling the bowstring significantly increases the accuracy of the shot.

In the construction shown in FIG. 55 and 56 use the same principle and are self-explanatory. The difference with the previous design is the use of compression springs 133 and the use of a portion of the arms 14 for the construction of the electromagnets.

FIG. 57 and 58 show the use of permanent magnets in the design of bows with elastic shoulders.

In the initial state, permanent magnets 153, mounted on brackets 151, are in contact with steel plates 154 mounted on the arms 4. When the bowstring 5 is pulled, the arms 4 bend and with great force "break away" from the magnets 153. This force is comparable in magnitude with the force of full extension bowstring 5. Then the usual stretching of bowstring 5 is made and its release when firing a shot.

When the shoulders 4 are straightened, approaching the initial state, the plates 154 fall into the magnetic field of the magnets 153 and again accelerate, "pushing" the arrow 2 at the end of the shot. This allows you to give arrow 2 more speed, and the bow - more power, because bowstring 5 does not lag behind the arrow at the end of its working movement. This design either increases the power of the bow, or leaves it the same, reducing the final pulling force, which positively affects the accuracy of the shot.

The use of electromagnets and permanent magnets, similar to the above-described structures, can be used to create crossbows.

The bow shown in FIG. 59.

FIG. 60-66 shows a bow with an arrow fixing 2 with fully extended bowstring 5.

The shooter first "charges" the bow by pressing the trigger 163, which turns the roller 164, which causes the lever 162 to rotate. This lever, in turn, presses on the spring-loaded retainer 165 165 and lifts it together with the jaws 166. Under these jaws a place is formed where the boom 2 is inserted, after which the shooter pulls the boom 2 until its tip 160 stops in the handle 1 and releases the lever 163. Under the action of the spring 168, the lock 165 is lowered, and the grippers 166 enter the recesses 167, fixing the arrow 2. The bow turns out "Loaded", and the shot is fired at the right moment by pressing the trigger 163. This design allows the shooter to move indefinitely with the bow ready to shoot, which is very important for sports hunters, and increases the accuracy of shooting.

FIG. 67-71 show the design of a bow, which does not have a clicker, and which can be used mainly in sports target shooting, when it is necessary to extend the arrow with high accuracy by the same amount with each shot in order to make the shot stable. In this case, the stability of the stretching of the bowstring 5 is achieved due to the actuation of a light or sound-reproducing device-signaling device 178 mounted on the bracket 176, the position of which can be adjusted by turning relative to the arms 4. When the bowstring is pulled to the required distance, the arm 4 presses on the signaling device 178, and it emits sound or light signal by which the shooter releases the bowstring.

FIG. 72 shows the use of such a signaling device in a block bow, FIG. 73 and 74 - in the lever bow.

The advantage of this design is as follows:

1. There are no boom length limits that are available with clicker designs.

2. Simple boom stowage shelves can be used, and there is no need for a ram to keep the boom stable in relation to the stick.

3. The speed of loading the bow increases, which is very important in competitions when the time for the release of a series of arrows is limited by time.

FIG. 75-79 some signaling device designs are shown.

FIG. 75 shows a signaling device in the form of an elastic container 200 with whistles 201. When the elastic shoulder 4 of the bow is pressed on the container 200, it deforms, its volume decreases, and the air in it exits through the whistles, making a sound.

FIG. 76 shows an alarm that is triggered when the lever 120 is pressed on the switch 205. This connects the power source 204 to the multivibrator 203, which generates an alternating electrical audio signal, and the audio frequency generators (speakers) 202 connected to it emit sound.

FIG. 77-79 show the design of the signaling device, in which the bells 207 make a sound. When the lever 120 is pressed on the pin 211, it descends, and with its projections 212 presses on the bells 207, the elastic plates 209 bend, storing potential energy. With the further stroke of the lever 120, the pin 211 passes the bells 207, releasing them, and the elastic plates 209 begin to oscillate, as a result of which the bells 207 attached to them emit a sound.

FIG. 80 and 81 show a bow with a scope. Like a conventional archery sight, this design requires zeroing at a target set at firing ranges. In this case, a mark is made on the plate 211 opposite the pin 225 for each distance, which corresponds to the vertical deflection of the ballistic trajectory of the boom.

Front sight 220, when zeroing in, is set on one of the pins 228 by turning the threaded rod 226, its fixation is made with a lock nut 227.

For example, when zeroing in at a distance of 60 meters (in total, for shooting in the open air, 5 distances are used - 30, 50, 60, 70 and 90 meters), the zeroing goes along the middle pin of three. Then, for a distance of 50 meters, the aiming line corresponds to the gap between the middle and first (left) pin, for a distance of 30 meters - this first pin, for a distance of 70 meters - the gap between the middle and rightmost pin, and for a distance of 90 meters - this right extreme pin ... This correction takes into account the angle in the horizontal plane between the line of sight "pupil of the archer - target" and the actual line of flight of the arrow 2.

Such a sight device allows you to quickly change its setting during the competition, and also, more importantly, during sports hunting, when the shooter has no more than 1, 2 seconds conceived to adjust the sight.

FIG. 82-85 shows a bow with an arrow 2, in the shank 224 of which a groove 235 is made for the bowstring 5 and a double-sided recess 237 for holding the bowstring 5 by the hand of the arrow 236 between the fingers 238 and 239. The pulling of the bowstring 5 occurs by the pulling force of the hand 236, which is transmitted to the bowstring 5 through the arrow shaft 2. After the bowstring 5 is fully extended, the arrow relaxes the fingers of the hand, the arrow 2 "slips out" from the fingers 238 and 239 and, under the action of the bowstring 5, starts moving towards the target.

The advantage of this design is that both the extension and release of the boom 2 occurs exactly along the axis of the boom 2. At the same time, in the conventional design, the release of the boom 2 is accompanied by the bowstring 5 rolling off the fingers of the pulling hand towards the shooter's body. This leads to a change in the position of the arrow, and this rolling can hardly be stable, which negatively affects the accuracy of the hit.

FIG. 86-88 shows an arrow 2 with a tip 250 in the form of an aerodynamic body of the spindle type, the center of gravity 251 of which is displaced relative to the axis 252 of the boom rod 2 (to ensure stability in the vertical plane), and on the opposite side from the center of gravity 251 an aerodynamic wing 253.

, где С – постоянный коэффициент подъемной силы (определяется для данного типа крыла и диапазона скоростей экспериментально), ρ - плотность воздуха, V – скорость стрелы, S – площадь крыла в плане. Таким образом, в некотором диапазоне скоростей V подъемная сила F будет примерно одинаковой, т.к. остальные члены уравнения являются постоянными величинами.When fired from a bow or crossbow, this arrow flies for a certain time, practically without deviating vertically from the original direction, because load bearing capacity F wing 253 is approximately equal to the weight G boom in a certain range of its speed, on which the aerodynamic lift of the wing 253 depends. This force is determined by the formula

where FROM - constant coefficient of lift (determined experimentally for a given wing type and speed range), ρ - air density, V - boom speed, S - wing area in plan. Thus, in a certain range of speeds V lift F will be approximately the same, since the rest of the equation is constant.

This greatly simplifies aiming and increases the accuracy of the shot, especially at short distances, about 25-50 meters, when the arrow speed changes little.

FIG. 89 shows an arrow 2 with a tip 260 made of a non-conductive material such as fiberglass or hard rubber, in which two pins 261 with sharp ends 262 protrude in front of the tip 260 in the direction of flight of the arrow. The other two ends of the pins are connected to a piezoelectric element 263, from which the spring presses the striker 266. When the boom is released under the action of inertial forces (the boom accelerates) and the spring, the striker 266 is pressed against the rod 265. During flight, the boom decelerates, the inertial forces change direction, but the striker 266 continues to press against the rod 265 under the force of the spring. When the target is reached, the sharp ends 262 of the pins 261 "bite" into it, the tip 260 strikes the target surface, the arrow decelerates sharply, and the forces of inertia push the striker 260 towards the piezoelectric element 253. The striker 260 compresses the spring and strikes this element, as a result which generates a high electrical voltage - several kilovolts. This voltage causes an electric shock to the target and immobilizes it for the time it takes the shooter to approach it. This work of the arrow makes it possible to increase the humanity of hunting large birds and small animals. In addition, it is useful to use it for the work of biologists who observe birds and animals, when it is required to carry out some scientific manipulations with them without killing them.

FIG. 90-93 show a bow tensioner 230 with an arrow lock 2 which acts in the axis of the arrow during its release. The shooter holds the catch in the pulling hand 236 and the boom 2 is inserted into this catch.

FIG. 91 and 92 show the installation of the boom 2 into the lock. The shooter, for example, with his left hand (not shown), puts the shank 272 of the arrow 2 on the bowstring 5, then directs the shank 272 inside the retainer (in the recess 271), which he holds with the fingers of his right hand 236, pressing the body 270 to the palm (Fig. 91) ... Then (Fig. 92) he puts the groove 278 of the boom 2 on the pin 276, and with his thumb 277 presses on this pin, pressing the plate 273 down, and letting the shank 272 pass to the end of the recess 271. After the shank 272 of the boom 2 stops at the bottom of this recesses, the shooter releases the pin 276, and the plate 273, straightening, stands with its protrusion 274 in the hook 275. As a result of these actions, the arrow 2 is fixed by its shank 272 in the retainer in the direction of its axis. Then the shooter pulls the lock with the index, middle and ring fingers, pulling the bowstring 5 with the arrow 2 itself, to the required amount, after which he presses the thumb 277 on the pin 276, and this pin, going down, releases the arrow 2, a shot occurs.

As with the bow of FIG. 82-85, the extension of the bowstring and the release of arrow 2 occurs exactly along the axis of the arrow without rolling the bowstring to the side, which also increases the accuracy of the shot. However, using the depicted in FIG. 90-93 clips allow you to pull the bowstring with great force, practically - the maximum force available to the shooter, and makes it possible to shoot at long distances, including heavy (35 grams or more) hunting arrows.

Thus, it should be recognized that the technical task - to increase the basic operational properties of throwing devices - bows and crossbows - has been fully completed.

Claims (38)

1. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a body in the form of a handle with a device for mounting an arrow, elastic shoulders and a bowstring, characterized in that rigid or elastic rods or plates are rigidly attached to the ends of the elastic shoulders at one end, directed by the second end to the side of the tip of the arrow installed in the throwing device, and the bowstring with its ends is fixed on the second ends of these rods or plates. 2. A sports throwing device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the angle between the rods and the shoulders is less than 90 degrees. 3. A sports throwing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle is equipped with protrusions that contact elastic shoulders when the string is pulled. 4. A sports throwing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the projections are made with the possibility of moving relative to the handle and fixing on it. 5. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with a device for installing an arrow, rigid shoulders with pivot levers installed at their ends, pulled to the shoulders or the handle by tension springs, characterized in that the levers are made in the form of levers of the first kind with an axis turn, placed at the ends of the shoulders, and the bowstring is fixed at the free ends of these levers, and the levers are directed in the direction of the arrow's flight at an angle less than 90 degrees to the bowstring line. 6. The sports throwing device according to claim 5, characterized in that the levers have a spiral shape with the beginning of the spiral in the area of the pivot axis. 7. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with a device for installing an arrow, rigid shoulders with rotary blocks installed at their ends, a bowstring thrown over these blocks, and a device for tensioning it with tension springs, characterized in that the device for tensioning the bowstring is made in the form of single- or multi-strand pulley blocks placed on the shoulders. 8. A sports throwing device according to claim 7, characterized in that additional fixed rods are installed on the rigid shoulders at an acute angle, at one end of which springs are fixed, and at the other end there are grooves with pulley blocks, through which cables are thrown, one end fixed on a spring, and the other on a rotary block. 9. A sports throwing device according to claim 7, characterized in that two additional fixed rods are fixed on each shoulder, at one end of one of which a bowstring is fixed, and in the groove of the other with the possibility of free movement along the groove there is an axis with a pulley block, through which is thrown over the bowstring, and this axis is connected to the shoulder through a tension spring. 10. A sports throwing device according to claim 7, characterized in that both arms are equipped with middle and extreme rods, and the extreme rods form a horizontal shelf of the letter T with the shoulders, the middle rods are directed towards the arrow's flight, and tension springs are attached to them at one end, to the other end of which axles with pulley blocks are attached, and the string is fixed at the end of the extreme rod, thrown over the pulley block and through an additional block installed at the end of the shoulder. 11. A sports throwing device according to claim 7, characterized in that both arms are equipped with middle and extreme rods, and the extreme rods form a horizontal shelf of the letter G with the shoulders, and, together with the middle rods, face in the direction opposite to the direction of flight of the arrow, and tension springs are attached to the middle rod at one end, to the other end of which axles with pulley blocks are attached, and the bowstring is fixed at the ends of the shoulders and thrown over the pulley blocks. 12. A sports throwing device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the blocks that are installed in front of the straight section of the bowstring are eccentric, and the bowstring is thrown over them twice. 13. Sports throwing device according to PP. 7 and 10, characterized in that the bowstring is fixed on rotary blocks made with a variable radius, and an additional double cable is thrown over the chain hoist block, one ends of which are thrown over two additional blocks, rigidly connected from both sides to the rotary block, and fixed on these additional blocks, and the other ends are attached to the middle rod. 14. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with fixed shoulders and a bowstring tensioner made in the form of two-armed levers of the second kind, one end of which is connected through a tension spring to the shoulder, and the other contains a block through which the bowstring is thrown, which is different in that the lever is L-shaped, has a short and long arms, the short arm facing away from the boom line and connected to a spring, and a block is installed at the end of the long arm. 15. A sports throwing device according to claim 14, characterized in that additional blocks are installed on the long arms of the L-shaped levers, through which the bowstring is thrown. 16. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with fixed shoulders and a bowstring tensioner made in the form of main two-armed levers of the second kind, the first end of which is connected through a tension spring to the shoulder or handle, and the second end contains a block through which a bowstring is thrown over, and with each two-armed lever one end is connected to an auxiliary lever, the other end of which is connected to a fixed shoulder or handle through an additional spring, characterized in that each auxiliary lever has its own axis of rotation and a protrusion or hollow engaging respectively with the hollow or protrusion of the main levers, and the ratio of the distances from the axis of rotation to the engagement circle of the protrusions and valleys of the main R and auxiliary r levers is greater than one. 17. A sports throwing device, for example a bow, containing a handle with a place for mounting an arrow, shoulders, a bowstring and a device for stabilization during the firing process, attached to the handle, characterized in that this device contains a body rotating at high speed. 18. A sports throwing device according to claim 17, characterized in that the stabilization device comprises an electric motor, on the shaft of which a massive body in the form of a disk is fixed. 19. Sports throwing device according to PP. 17 and 18, characterized in that the electric motor comprises a stator fixed in a housing, which is mounted on a handle, and a rotor with windings mounted over the stator so that it can rotate around the axis of the latter. 20. Sports throwing device according to PP. 17 and 18, characterized in that the disc is mounted and fixed on a shaft with bearings, and this shaft is connected by means of a gear system to a drive device, for example, in the form of a handle, so that the transfer of rotation from the handle to the disc forms a multiplier. 21. Sports throwing device according to claim 20, characterized in that the drive device is made in the form of a handle. 22. A sports throwing device according to claim 20, characterized in that the drive device is made in the form of a pulley with a tape or cable freely wound around it. 23. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with a place for an arrow, fixed shoulders and a bowstring tensioner made in the form of two-armed levers of the second kind with axles, the first ends of the levers are connected through springs to the arm or handle, and the second ends contain a block through which a bowstring is thrown, characterized in that on the handle or shoulders along the action of the springs, windings of electromagnets are installed, to the anchors of which the said springs are attached, and these anchors are cabled or directly attached to the first ends of the two-armed levers, and a switch is installed on the handle connecting windings of electromagnets with a power source. 24. A sports throwing device according to claim 23, characterized in that an additional switch is sequentially installed in the electric power line of the electromagnets, made in the form of two contacts, one of which is the clicker's flexible plate, and the second is its anvil. 25. A sports throwing device according to claim 23, characterized in that part of the handle or shoulders is made in the form of cores of the winding of electromagnets having platforms facing the side of the compression springs, and at the first ends of each lever there is a heel against which the compression spring abuts, which the other end rests on a bracket installed at the end of the arms. 26. A sports throwing device, such as a bow or crossbow, containing a body in the form of a handle with a place for mounting an arrow, elastic shoulders and a bowstring, characterized in that brackets are fixedly mounted on the handle, at the other end of which permanent magnets are fixed, and fixed on elastic shoulders steel plates are fixed in such a way that in the initial state, with the bowstring not extended, the plane of these plates contacts or is at the minimum possible distance from the plane of the permanent magnets. 27. A sports throwing device according to claim 14, characterized in that rigidly steel plates are installed on the levers containing blocks, and permanent magnets are fixed at the ends of the arms in such a way that in the initial state, with the bowstring not extended, the plane of these plates contacts or is at the minimum possible distance from the plane of permanent magnets. 28. A sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, containing a handle with a bowstring, shoulders and a shelf on which an arrow is installed, having a point and a shank, as well as a device for fixing an arrow with a fully extended bowstring, characterized in that this device is made in the form of a rotary a lever connected to the trigger; and a boom latch in contact with the pivot lever, the latch having one or two grips engaging with the boom in the area of its tip. 29. A sports throwing device according to claim 28, characterized in that the boom lock is made in the form of a spring-loaded slider with a guide bar that goes into the holes of the bracket attached to the handle. 30. A sports throwing device, for example a bow, containing a handle with a shelf for installing an arrow, a bowstring, shoulders and an indicator of a full extension of the bowstring, characterized in that the indicator is made in the form of a bracket fixed to the handle with the possibility of fixing it relative to the handle on which a sound-reproducing or light signaling device with the possibility of its contact with one of the arms when the bowstring is fully extended. 31. A sports throwing device according to claim 30, characterized in that the sound-reproducing device is made in the form of an elastic container with a pneumatic acoustic device installed in its walls, for example a whistle. 32. Sports throwing device according to claim 30, characterized in that the sound-reproducing device is made in the form of an electronic sound frequency generator. 33. A sports throwing device according to claim 30, characterized in that the sound-reproducing device is made in the form of a bell. 34. A sports throwing device, for example a bow, containing a handle with a shelf for installing an arrow, a bowstring, shoulders and a sight with a front sight, mounted on the handle, characterized in that the sight is made in the form of a plate with a curved groove and a swivel beam, the pivot axis of which is fixed on plate, and the beam has a pin entering the said groove, and a device for fixing its position. 35. An arrow for a sports throwing device, for example for a bow, having a rod with a tip, a tail and a shank with a groove for mating with a bowstring, characterized in that the shank has a device for coupling the arrow with the arrow's pulling hand, made in the form of one- or two-sided recess within the shank length. 36. An arrow for a sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, having a tip attached to the rod and a tail unit on the rod, characterized in that the tip is made in the form of an elongated aerodynamic body such as a spindle with a low drag coefficient, and the center of gravity of this the body is displaced relative to the axis of the rod, and an aerodynamic wing is rigidly attached to this body on the opposite side from the center of gravity. 37. An arrow for a sports throwing device, for example a bow or crossbow, having a tip attached to the rod and a tail unit on the rod, characterized in that the tip has two pins, the pointed ends of which protrude in front of the tip in the direction of the arrow's flight, and the other two the ends are connected to a piezoelectric element installed in the tip, behind which a striker spring-loaded towards the boom rod is placed with the ability to move along the tip. 38. A launching tensioner for a bow, containing a controllable boom latch, characterized in that the device has a housing with a recess for the boom shank, and the controllable latch is made in the form of an elastic plate with a protrusion at the end that engages with the boom hook when it is installed into the device , moreover, against this elastic plate a pin movable in the plane of its elastic movement, installed in the housing with the possibility of acting on it with the finger of the pulling hand, abuts.

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