RU2732748C1 - Method for helicopter detection and suppression of landscape fires with inert atmospheric gases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire and ecological safety of forest and steppe massifs, as well as to saving of renewable natural resources. When implementing the method, the air flow coming down from the helicopter propeller is converted into a stream of cooled inert gases by removing oxygen therefrom by thermomagnetic air separators with Azarov vortex modules, which are located along the screw diameter under the helicopter bottom on the round metal frame fixed to the bearing structures of the fuselage nose and central parts, as well as to tail boom, due to which flow of cooled inert gases performs phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling of fires detected during patrolling, suppressing burning and propagation of fire by hovering above fires and burning of burning area. Oxygen is separated by thermomagnetic air separators along the perimeter of the round metal frame towards the helicopter propeller to prevent engine surge due to combustion products.

EFFECT: suppression of dangerous fire factors by continuous supply of inert atmospheric gases without harm to renewable natural resources: forests, steppe vegetation, animals and birds in them.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to the field of fire and environmental safety of forests and steppe areas, as well as the conservation of renewable natural resources, which are forests, peatlands, steppe vegetation, animals and birds in them.

As follows from the normative and methodological materials of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia [Technique for extinguishing landscape fires / Approved. 09/14/2015 No. 2-4-87-32-LB - M .: EMERCOM of Russia, 2015.-22s., Methods of operational assessment of the consequences of forest fires - M .: VNIIGOCHS, 2001.-21s.]: "Danger to the environment , the economy and the population represent fires in nature - the so-called landscape fires. " Depending on the place of origin, they are subdivided into forest, peat, steppe, tundra, haze, savanna, reed, field and others. At the same time, 90% of landscape fires occur in connection with human activities, or because of his carelessness, and most often they occur in the summer season, which is called a fire hazardous season, determined by such parameters as temperature, humidity of air and combustible materials, speed wind, etc.

Landscape fires are classified according to the type of landscape over which the fire is spread. The main types of landscape fires in Russia are forest, peat (a type of forest) and steppe fires.

Russia, which accounts for a fifth of all forests in the world, is considered the leading forest power, with a forest area of 8.1 million square meters. km., which occupy 49.4% of the country's territory. Canada is in second place - 4.9 million square meters. km. and 49.2% of the territory, respectively. This is followed by: Brazil - 4.7 million square meters. km. (56.1%), USA - 3.1 million sq. km. (33.8%), China - 2.1 million sq. km. (21.8%) and Australia - 1.3 million sq. km. (16.0%). The steppes of Russia are divided into several types:

mountainous - steppe lands of the Caucasus, covered with numerous types of grasses, with the exception of sedges, and shrubs;

meadow - occupy most of the European part of the country and Western Siberia, with forbs, cereals and peduncles;

feather grass - steppes of the Orenburg region;

desert - covered with prutnyanka, feather grass and tumbleweed.

Post-war statistics of landscape fires in the USSR (Fig. 1, 2) indicate that annually in the country there were from 20 to 30 thousand such fires on an area of 0.5 to 2.5 million hectares, and today only in the forests of Siberia occurs up to 27 thousand fires, which cover an area of 3.5 to 18 million hectares. [1,2].

The main cause of landscape fires is the “human factor”, which is responsible for 85–95% of fires. The real scale of such fires in Russia and the extent of the damage caused by fire have not been reliably established to date, since regular monitoring of forest fires is carried out only in the zone of active forest protection. At the same time, fighting fires is a complex process that requires huge resources. The cost of extinguishing one major fire can amount to tens of millions of rubles, and socio-economic losses - hundreds of billions! Therefore, many countries, such as the USA, Canada, Australia, France, for which the problem of landscape fires is relevant, have special aviation fire brigades, and Russia is no exception [Topolsky N.G., Belozerov V.V., Afanasyev N.S. Fire protection of Russian forests // Technologies of technosphere safety.- 2010.- № 4 (32) .- 6s. URL: http://academygps.ucoz.ru/ttb/2010-4/2010-4.html, Tsvetkov P. A., Buryak L. V. Study of the nature of fires in the forests of Siberia // Siberian Forest Journal. - 2014. - No. 3. P. 25–42., Ivanova GA, Ivanov VA, Kukavskaya EA, Konard SG, Makrei DD Effect of fires on carbon emissions in pine forests of Central Siberia / / Siberian ecological journal. - 2007. - No. 6, p. 885-895].

Currently, Russia produces several types of fire-fighting helicopters and airplanes, many of which are in service with the Russian Emergencies Ministry, including for extinguishing forest and steppe fires:

Central grouping: Il-76P, Il-62, Yak-42, Be-200ChS, Mi-26, Mi-8, Bo-105, Bk-117;

Southern grouping: An-3, Ka-32A1, Mi-8;

Siberian grouping: An-74, An-3, Mi-26, Mi-8;

Far Eastern grouping: An-74, Be-200ES, Mi-26, Mi-8.

Until now, humanity has not come up with anything new in the fight against landscape fires, except for flooding them with water, embankment and backfilling with earth. However, extinguishing forest and steppe fires with water using aviation is not only economically unjustified, but also ineffective, since airplanes and helicopters constantly have to refuel their spillways, fly up to the fire site, pour out water and fly away to a gas station, during which a fire flares up with renewed vigor [Kurakov F. A. Technologies for extinguishing landscape fires as a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation // Economics of Science. - 2017, T. 3. No. 3. P. 214-226; DOI 10.22394 / 2410-132X-2017-3-3-214-226].

Thus, the relevance of the development of methods and means for detecting and extinguishing the outbreaks of landscape fires is obvious, but until now, as the world statistics show, the problems of detecting, preventing the spread and extinguishing of such fires have not been solved.

A comparative analysis of the use of existing fire-fighting aircraft and helicopters for extinguishing landscape fires showed (table 1) the following systemic differences in their application [Grigorievskaya A.O., Ivanov N.V., Vishnev A.V. Analysis of the use of aviation for extinguishing forest fires / / Reshetnev Readings: Sat. materials XVIII Intern. scientific. conf., dedicated. To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Acad. M.F. Reshetneva / Part 1 - Krasnoyarsk: SibGAU, 2014, p. 351-352.].

Table 1 - Performance characteristics of the MI-8 helicopter with the APU-5 and the Be-200 amphibious aircraft,

The most effective ways to fight fires and fires using the Be-200 fire-fighting amphibious aircraft are:

- air patrol, for early detection and suppression of fires,

- laying fire-prevention barriers and support strips on flat terrain in order to stop the spread of combustion until the approach of ground forces and fire extinguishing equipment;

- reducing the intensity of combustion in the most straight sections of the edge of the fire (extinguishing the edge) in order to create conditions for ground forces for the transition from an indirect method of extinguishing to a direct one.

In contrast to the amphibious aircraft, the MI-8 helicopter with a spillway device (VSU-5) has a significantly lower transport speed of a container with water, even in case of fires in small areas or in mountainous areas, this is a fundamental advantage, since when draining at high speeds ( exceeding 250 km / h), at altitudes exceeding 40-50 m from the earth's surface, the discharged liquid as a result of the oncoming air flow breaks down to the state of aerosols and most of it evaporates without reaching the fire source.

In addition to "water methods and means" for extinguishing landscape fires, methods are known to prevent the spread, localization and extinguishing of fires in forests and peatlands by a waterless method, one of which, for example, is to create a barrier along the contour of the most fire hazardous areas before the occurrence of fires and during fires ... The barrier consists of a mixture of crushed carbonate-containing (with a content of magnesium carbonate and / or calcium carbonate in the amount of at least 90%) and opal-cristobalite (with a silicon oxide content of at least 80%) rocks taken in a 2: 1 ratio with the addition of clay minerals 7 % and sodium fluorosilicate 3%, up to 100% to the main mixture. Magnesite, dolomite, limestone can be used as carbonate-containing rock, and tripoli, flask, diatomite can be used as opal-cristobalite rock. When a fire approaches a trench, the mineral material heats up and decomposes with the release of carbon dioxide, which, mixing with the air, reduces the oxygen content in it. Magnesium and calcium oxides, in turn, begin to interact with amorphous silicon oxide and these additives to form compounds resistant to high temperatures, forming a porous barrier that prevents the spread of fire beyond the barrier [RF Patent No. 2290238, application 2005114290/12 from 11.05.2005, publ. ... 12/27/2006.].

The disadvantage of this method, as well as others [The system for extinguishing forest peat fires using a motor pump "GEYSER" and a special peat trunk - http://www.systempro.ru/tovar/system/motopompy/], are high one-time and operating costs for their implementation , as well as the lack of the ability to carry out location and prevent the spread of fire at an early stage.

Also known are methods for extinguishing forest and steppe fires with various aggregate states of gases: "bombs" with liquid nitrogen [Patent RU No. 2147901, publ. 04/27/2000], "briquettes" with granules of carbon dioxide [Patent RU No. 2291730, publ. 01/20/2007] and nitrogen [NITROGEN EXTINGUISHING AND FIRE PREVENTION DEVICE - application for invention No. 93014902/12 dated 03.16.1993, publ. 11/27/1996, Voroshilov I.V., Maltsev G.I., Koshakov A.Yu. Nitrogen generator - RF patent for invention No. 02450857 dated 08.24.201012-13], which is air "purified from oxygen" by gas separation systems (membrane, absorption), incl. thermomagnetic air separator (TMSV), which is used in the claimed method.

The fact is that in the course of research on the Interindustry Program of Cooperation between the Ministry of Education of Russia and JSC AVTOVAZ, using the paramagnetic properties of oxygen and the diamagnetic properties of nitrogen and other gases, a method of thermomagnetic separation of air flow (TMSV) in a decreasing transverse magnetic field into oxygen ( paramagnet) and nitrogen with other gases (diamagnets) and a separator model that implements it:

(1)

(1)

Substituting into the Euler equation (2) the equation of state of an ideal gas pV = NkT, and expressing the gas density in terms of its pressure P = nkT = ρkT / m, an expression for the density of gas molecules was obtained in the form of the Boltzmann distribution

(2)

(2)

where U = - αH ^2/2 - the potential energy of an individual gas molecule having para- or diamagnetic properties, in an external nonhomogeneous magnetic field.

- положительна (+3396∙10^-6), а для азота - N₂ (-12∙10^-6) и остальных газов, обладающих диамагнитными свойствами,

- отрицательна. Поэтому плотность кислорода увеличивается у стенки с постоянными магнитами, т.е. в области сильного магнитного поля, в соответствии с уравнением (1), а плотность азотной компоненты - уменьшается, в зависимости от квадрата напряженности магнитного поля внутри канала сепаратора (рис.3). При этом, как следует из распределения Больцмана (2) эффект разделения ускоряется, если охлаждать противоположную стенку, т.е. область слабого магнитного поля, куда «выталкиваются диамагнетики» [Белозеров В.В., Босый С.И., Видецких Ю.А., Новакович А.А., Пирогов М.Г., Толмачев Г.Н. Способ термомагнитной сепарации воздуха и устройство для его осуществления - Патент РФ № 2428242 от 12.10.2006.- опубл. 10.09.2011, Бюл. № 25, Модель оценки и утилизации дорожно-транспортного вреда и система ее реализации в автомобиле /Белозеров В.В., Денисенко П.Ф. и др. // отчет о НИР № 02.06.004 от 14.02.2002 (Министерство образования и науки РФ и АО "АвтоВАЗ"), 2002. -133с. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23406440].For oxygen (O ₂ ), which has paramagnetic properties, the average magnetic polarizability of an individual molecule is

- positive (+ 3396 ∙ 10 ^-6 ), and for nitrogen - N ₂ (-12 ∙ 10 ^-6 ) and other gases with diamagnetic properties,

- negative. Therefore, the oxygen density increases near the wall with permanent magnets, i.e. in the region of a strong magnetic field, in accordance with equation (1), and the density of the nitrogen component decreases, depending on the square of the magnetic field strength inside the separator channel (Fig. 3). In this case, as follows from the Boltzmann distribution (2), the separation effect is accelerated if the opposite wall is cooled, i.e. the region of weak magnetic field, where "diamagnetics are pushed out" [Belozerov V.V., Bosy S.I., Videtskikh Yu.A., Novakovich A.A., Pirogov M.G., Tolmachev G.N. A method of thermomagnetic air separation and a device for its implementation - RF Patent No. 2428242 dated 12.10.2006.- publ. 10.09.2011, Bul. № 25, Model of assessment and utilization of road traffic damage and the system of its implementation in a car / Belozerov V.V., Denisenko P.F. and others // report on research work No. 02.06.004 dated 14.02.2002 (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and JSC "AvtoVAZ"), 2002. -133p. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23406440].

To suppress the reverse diffusion of oxygen, a solid partition of porous aluminum is installed along the TMSV channel, which performs the function of a membrane for oxygen, at a distance that ensures the division of the volume of flowing air in a ratio of 1: 4 from the side with permanent magnets (Fig. 4), then at the outlet “ paramagnetic subchannel "we get pure oxygen, and at the output of the" diamagnetic subchannel "- nitrogen with the rest of the atmospheric gases [Belozerov V.V., Bosy S.I., Videtskikh Yu.A., Novakovich A.A., Pirogov M.G. ., Tolmachev G.N. A method of thermomagnetic air separation and a device for its implementation - RF Patent No. 2428242 dated 12.10.2006.- publ. 10.09.2011, Bul. № 25, Model of assessment and utilization of road traffic damage and the system of its implementation in a car / Belozerov V.V., Denisenko P.F. and others // report on research work No. 02.06.004 dated 14.02.2002 (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and JSC "AvtoVAZ"), 2002. -133p. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23406440, Badalyan L.Kh. Environmental protection from vehicle emissions by neutralizing filters // Safety of life. Labor protection and the environment. - 1999. - No. 3. P. 74-75.].

Thus, from the planet's atmosphere we get an "endless source of fire extinguishing composition" (BIOTS), consisting of:

- from 98.77% nitrogen,

- from 1.17% argon,

- from 0.37% carbon dioxide,

- from 0.01% helium,

which are individually and successfully used for a long time in various installations and vehicles for gas fire extinguishing. Therefore, it remains to determine the required intensity of supply of diamagnets and develop fire tactics for local extinguishing fires with their help [GOST R 53281-2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations M .: Standartinform, 2009.-19s; Belozerov V.V., Lukyanov A.D., Plakhotnikov Yu.G. Study of methods and means of local extinguishing of model fires with nitrogen generators // Modern technologies in compressor equipment. Gas separation innovations: collection of articles. proceedings of the scientific and practical conference - Krasnodar: LLC "Krasnodar compressor plant", 2013, pp. 105-117. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28186582].

MI-8, creates an air pressure under the propeller up to 40 atm., At an air flow rate of up to 20 m / s. If you place a "hinged installation" of thermomagnetic air separators under the bottom of the helicopter (along the diameter of the propeller), then you can "intercept and transform" the entire air flow from the propeller into a stream of "cooled diamagnets", which can be used to extinguish the fire by loitering burning areas and hovering over the hearths as long as the helicopter has fuel. In this case, the "discharge" of oxygen is carried out at an angle upward along the perimeter of the "mounted installation, which prevents engine surge due to combustion products [Topolsky NG, Belozerov VV, Afanasyev NS. Fire protection of Russian forests // Technologies of technosphere safety.- 2010.- № 4 (32) .- 6s. URL: http://academygps.ucoz.ru/ttb/2010-4/2010-4.html, Voroshilov I.V., Meskhi B.Ch., Prilutskiy A.I. Development and launching into production of air separators and production of fire protection equipment based on them (project No. 2013-218-04-023) // Electronics and electrical engineering. - 2016. - No. 1. - P. 21 - 71. DOI: 10.7256 / 2453-8884.2016.1.21034].

Cooling of "diamagnets" at the outlet of TMSV can reach negative temperatures in summer and is carried out by Azarov vortex modules [Azarov AI Constructive and technological improvement of vortex air coolers // Mechanical engineering technology. - 2004. - N 3. - P. 56-60] with the same air flow from the propeller, which will allow the fire helicopter not only to localize a natural fire, but also to eliminate it completely, since the flow of "diamagnets" when the helicopter hovers over the fire source does not will only extinguish the flame, cutting off the burning vegetation from the oxygen in the air, but also cool the perimeter of the fire, thereby allowing the use of embankment technology, cutting off the fire from the rest of the massif.

Taking into account that the main ways of stopping the combustion of substances and materials are [http://pozhproekt.ru/enciklopediya/likvidaciya-pozhara]:

- cooling the combustion zone with fire-extinguishing agents or by mixing fuel,

- dilution of fuel or oxidizer (air) with fire-extinguishing agents (phlegmatization),

- isolation of fuel from the combustion zone or oxidizer (inhibition),

- chemical inhibition of the combustion reaction with fire extinguishing agents,

The proposed method is combined, which implements three of the four methods mentioned above.

The technical result is to ensure the suppression of dangerous fire factors, by continuous supply of inert atmospheric gases, without harm to renewable natural resources: forests, steppe vegetation, animals and birds in them.

The essence of the method for detecting and extinguishing landscape fires by a helicopter with inert atmospheric gases is that the air flow coming down from the helicopter rotor is converted into a flow of cooled inert gases by removing oxygen from it by thermomagnetic air separators with Azarov vortex modules, which are located along the diameter of the rotor under the bottom of the helicopter on a round metal frame, fixed to the bearing structures of the nose and central part of the fuselage, as well as to the tail boom, due to which the flow of cooled inert gases phlegmatizes, inhibits and cools fires detected during patrolling, suppressing the burning and spread of fire, by hovering over the foci and loitering of the combustion area, and oxygen separated by the thermomagnetic air separators is removed along the perimeter of the round metal frame towards the helicopter propeller to prevent engine surge due to combustion products.

In this case, the intensity of fire suppression is carried out by piloting at a certain height, sufficient to carry out the processes of phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling of the burning surface.

Brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the dynamics of the number of landscape fires in the USSR in 1947-1996.

FIG. 2 shows the dynamics of the area of landscape fires on the territory of the USSR in 1947-1996.

FIG. 3 shows the coil separator and the distribution of the magnetic field strength (in%).

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a thermomagnetic air separator (TMSV).

FIG. 5 shows the general scheme of the method.

Thus, from the foregoing it follows that in the claimed method of detecting and extinguishing landscape fires with a helicopter with inert atmospheric gases, the claimed technical result is achieved by patrolling rural areas of the region with a helicopter, detecting a fire and its continuous extinguishing, with an air flow from a helicopter propeller, converted using group ТМСВ into an inert gas stream, by removing oxygen from it, and suppressing a fire using phlegmatization, inhibition and cooling, - by hovering and subsequent loitering of the combustion area.

List of used sources of information

1. Technique for extinguishing landscape fires / Approved. 09/14/2015 No. 2-4-87-32-LB - M .: EMERCOM of Russia, 2015.-22s.

2. Methods of operational assessment of the consequences of forest fires - M .: VNIIGOCHS, 2001.-21s.

3. Topolsky NG, Belozerov VV, Afanasyev NS. Fire protection of Russian forests // Technologies of technosphere safety.- 2010.- № 4 (32) .- 6s. URL: http://academygps.ucoz.ru/ttb/2010-4/2010-4.html.

4. Tsvetkov P. A., Buryak L. V. Study of the nature of fires in the forests of Siberia // Siberian forest journal.- 2014.- № 3. P. 25–42.

5. Ivanova GA, Ivanov VA, Kukavskaya EA, Konard SG, Makrei DD Effect of fires on carbon emissions in pine forests of Central Siberia // Siberian ecological journal. - 2007.- No. 6, p. 885-895.

6. Kurakov FA Technologies for extinguishing landscape fires as a possible scientific and technological priority of the Russian Federation // Economics of Science. - 2017, V. 3. No. 3. P. 214-226; DOI 10.22394 / 2410-132X-2017-3-3-214-226.

7. Grigorievskaya AO, Ivanov NV, Vishnev AV Analysis of the use of aviation for extinguishing forest fires // Reshetnevskie readings: collection of articles. materials XVIII Intern. scientific. conf., dedicated. To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Acad. M.F. Reshetneva / Part 1 - Krasnoyarsk: SibGAU, 2014, p. 351-352.

8. RF patent No. 2290238, application 2005114290/12 dated 05/11/2005, publ. 12/27/2006.

9. System for extinguishing forest peat fires using a motor pump "GEYSER" and a special peat trunk - http://www.systempro.ru/tovar/system/motopompy/.

10. METHOD FOR EXTINGUISHING FOREST FIRES - RF patent No. 2147901, application 98118527/12 dated 10/12/1998, publ. 04/27/2000.

11. METHOD FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - RF patent No. 2291730, application 2006104290/12 dated 02.14.2006, publ. 20.01.2007.

12. DEVICE FOR NITROGEN EXTINGUISHING AND PREVENTING FIRE - application for invention No. 93014902/12 dated 03.16.1993, publ. 11/27/1996.

13. Voroshilov I.V., Maltsev G.I., Koshakov A.Yu. Nitrogen generator - RF patent for invention No. 02450857 dated 08.24.2010.

14. Voroshilov I.V. etc. Mobile nitrogen compressor stations of TGA - operational provision of hard-to-reach objects with compressed nitrogen // Drilling and oil.-2012.- №5, 2012, pp. 64-65.

15. Belozerov V.V., Barefoot S.I., Videtskikh Yu.A., Novakovich A.A., Pirogov M.G., Tolmachev G.N. A method of thermomagnetic air separation and a device for its implementation - RF Patent No. 2428242 dated 12.10.2006.- publ. 10.09.2011, Bul. No. 25.

16. Model of assessment and utilization of road traffic damage and the system of its implementation in a car / Belozerov VV, Denisenko PF. and others // report on research work No. 02.06.004 dated 14.02.2002 (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and JSC "AvtoVAZ"), 2002. -133p. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23406440.

17. Badalyan L.Kh. Environmental protection from vehicle emissions by neutralizing filters // Safety of life. Labor protection and the environment. - 1999. - No. 3. P. 74-75.

18.GOST R 53281-2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations M .: Standartinform, 2009.-19s

19. Belozerov V.V., Lukyanov A.D., Plakhotnikov Yu.G. Study of methods and means of local extinguishing of model fires with nitrogen generators // Modern technologies in compressor equipment. Gas separation innovations: collection of articles. proceedings of the scientific and practical conference - Krasnodar: LLC "Krasnodar compressor plant", 2013, pp. 105-117. URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28186582

20. Voroshilov I.V., Meskhi B.Ch., Prilutsky A.I. Development and launching into production of air separators and production of fire protection equipment based on them (project No. 2013-218-04-023) // Electronics and electrical engineering. - 2016. - No. 1. - P. 21 - 71. DOI: 10.7256 / 2453-8884.2016.1.21034.

21. Azarov AI Constructive and technological improvement of vortex air coolers // Mechanical engineering technology. - 2004. - N 3. - S. 56-60.

Claims (1)

A method of detecting and extinguishing landscape fires by a helicopter with inert atmospheric gases, which consists in the fact that the air flow coming down from the helicopter rotor is converted into a stream of cooled inert gases by removing oxygen from it by thermomagnetic air separators with Azarov vortex modules, which are located along the diameter of the rotor under the bottom of the helicopter on a round metal frame, fixed to the bearing structures of the nose and central parts of the fuselage, as well as to the tail boom, phlegmatization is carried out due to the flow of cooled inert gases, inhibition and cooling of fires detected during patrolling, suppress combustion and the spread of fire by hovering over foci and loitering of the combustion area, and oxygen separated by thermomagnetic air separators is removed along the perimeter of the round metal frame towards the helicopter propeller to prevent engine surge due to combustion products.

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