RU2731474C1 - Diagnostic technique of latent inflammatory process in sow reproductive organs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science. Diagnostic method for latent inflammatory process of sow reproductive organs involves determining at the onset of sexual cycle excitement during the phenomenon of "estrous cycle" and if observing value of 7.2 units and more, the latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs is diagnosed.

EFFECT: use of the presented diagnostic technique enables rapid and accurate detection of the inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows without the use of instrumentation and the need for laboratory analysis.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, in particular, to methods of diagnosing inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of sows by determining the biochemical composition of the vaginal environment.

Diseases of the reproductive organs of an inflammatory nature in sows, manifested in an acute form in the form of postpartum purulent-catarrhal endometritis and metritis-mastitis-agalactia, as well as in a latent (chronic) form, are quite widespread among sows of industrial enterprises and farms and are one of the problems during animal reproduction. Acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis and metritis-mastitis-agalactia in different pig farming enterprises are recorded in 40-42% and 15-21% of farrowed sows, respectively [Kotsarev V.N. Prevention of postpartum diseases in sows using clathraprostine / V.N. Kotsarev // Pig breeding. - 2005. - No. 5 - S. 26-28. Filatov A.V. Postpartum endometritis and MMA syndrome in sows: prevention and treatment / A.V. Filatov, V.P. Khlopitsky, L.M. Ushakova, Yu.N. Brigadirov, V.N. Kotsarev // Pig breeding. - 2018. - No. 3. - S. 51-54.]. Clinically, they are manifested by a change in the general condition of animals, a decrease or lack of appetite, an increase in body temperature, the release of purulent-mucous exudate from the genital tract in an amount from 20-25 ml to 100-130 ml [Kotsarev V.N. On the question of etiology, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of postpartum purulent-inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in sows / V.N. Kotsarev, N.I. Shumsky, A.G. Nezhdanov, V.Yu. Boev // Bulletin of the Voronezh State Agrarian University. - 2014. - No. 4 (39). - S. 225-229.]. Chronic (latent) endometritis in sows proceeds without visible clinical signs, and it is recorded in the stage of excitement of the sexual cycle with the manifestation of the phenomenon of "estrus" by the presence of minor outflows from the genital tract, as a rule, without impurities of pus or their absence [Brigadirov Yu.N. Diagnosis of latent endometritis in sows / Yu.N. Brigadirov, V.N. Kotsarev, Yu.N. Masyanov, I. T. Shaposhnikov, E.V. Mikhailov, A.V. Manuilov, N.I. Shumsky, M.S. Filippova // Veterinarian. - 2015. - No. 2. - S. 43-46]. Therefore, the detection of latent endometritis in sows by a visual method is impossible and laboratory tests are necessary for its diagnosis, which requires obtaining from animals a biological material (cervical-uterine mucus) in a volume sufficient for research.

An analysis of patent and scientific literature revealed a number of methods for diagnosing latent inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of cows, carried out by laboratory studies of cervical-uterine mucus obtained from animals during estrus. Thus, the method of diagnosing latent endometritis according to I.I. Nagornov is based on determining the density of mucin sediment formation when an equal amount of cervical mucus and a 1% solution of acetic acid or a 0.1% solution of ethacridine lactate is introduced into a test tube and heated in a water bath to a temperature close to boiling [Chronic latent endometritis (Endometritis latens chronica) [Electronic resource] / Animal diseases / Obstetrics and gynecology / Moscow Veterinary WEB Center Copyright, 2009. - Access mode: http://webmvc.com/bolezn/livestock/tocology/endom3.php.]. When a mucin clot forms in a test tube, which does not break when it is shaken, and the liquid is transparent, the reaction is considered negative. If the liquid becomes cloudy with gentle shaking, the reaction will be considered positive.

According to the method of Yu.N. Popov, it is envisaged to detect leukocytes in the cervical mucus by changing the color of the liquid when adding to it a similar amount of 4% sodium hydroxide solution and bringing to a boil, followed by cooling. If the liquid remains colorless or becomes straw yellow, the reaction is considered negative. When a liquid acquires a lemon-yellow, gray or black hue, the reaction is considered positive [Popov Yu.N. Diagnostics of latent endometritis in cows [Text] / Yu.N. Popov // Veterinary Medicine. - 1969. - No. 4. - S. 85-87.].

Diagnosis of latent endometritis in cows by the method of G.G. Kozlova is based on the detection of a clot in the mucus of leukocytes when mixed with an equal or less amount of 5% dimastin solution [Kozlov G.G. Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for latent endometritis [Text] / G.G. Kozlov // Topical issues of obstetric-gynecological and surgical pathology p. -x. animals. - M., 1982. - S. 43-44.].

Diagnostic technique of latent endometritis in cows according to G.M. Kalinovsky is based on the identification of sulfur-containing amino acids in mucus that appear in it during inflammation. To do this, 4 ml of a 0.5% solution of lead acetic acid are introduced into a test tube, to which a 20% solution of sodium hydroxide is added dropwise until a precipitate (lead oxide hydrate) is formed. After 15-20 seconds, a solution of sodium hydroxide is added to the test tube until the precipitate disappears, after which 1.5-2.0 ml of estrus mucus is added to it, gently shaken and heated without bringing to a boil. In the presence of latent endometritis, the mixture takes on the color of strongly brewed tea [G. Kalinovsky. Rapid method for the diagnosis of latent endometritis in cows [Text] / G.G. Kalinovsky, G.I. Podoprigora // Information letter. - Kiev, 1987. - 1 p.].

Studies of the cervical-uterine mucus of sows obtained from them during "estrus" for latent endometritis according to I.S. Nagorny, Yu.A. Popova, G.G. Kozlova, G.M. Kalinovsky give a significant scatter in terms of positive, doubtful and negative reactions [Brigadirov Yu.N. Diagnosis of latent endometritis in sows [Text] Yu.N. Brigadirov, V.N. Kotsarev, Yu.N. Masyanov et al. // Veterinarian. - 2015, - No. 2. - S. 43-46.]. When using the G.M. Kalinovsky, in comparison with other methods, the least number of dubious reactions was obtained, and the values of positive and negative reactions have intermediate values, which makes it the most acceptable for diagnosing latent endometritis in sows. However, this test for the diagnosis of latent endometritis, like the others mentioned above, has disadvantages. It is relatively laborious to perform, based on the formulation of a qualitative reaction that requires a visual assessment in the course of its implementation, which imposes a subjective connotation on the results obtained.

A known method for diagnosing latent endometritis in sows by determining the activity index of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the cervical uterine mucus obtained during the phenomenon of "estrus" at the onset of the stage of excitation of the sexual cycle (taken as a prototype). Latent endometritis in sows is diagnosed when the GGT activity is 900 U / l or more. [Brigadirov Yu.N. Diagnosis of latent endometritis in sows [Text] Yu.N. Brigadirov, V.N. Kotsarev, Yu.N. Masyanov et al. // Veterinarian. - 2015, No. 2. - S. 43-45.].

The disadvantage of this method is the need to obtain cervical-uterine mucus in sufficient quantities for research, the complexity of the implementation: preparation of the resulting mucus for research (centrifugation, dilution, filtration), the use of instrumentation with reagent kits.

In the gynecology of humane medicine, for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the genitals, a pH-measurement of the vagina is carried out using paper or plastic litmus test strips. In one case, use the test strips "Kalpo-test pH" [Instructions for the use of indicator strips for determining the pH of vaginal fluid (Kolpo-test pH) [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.biosensoran.ru/Bios_ankolpo_instr.htm]. In another case, to determine the pH of the vagina, use a test strip "Test pH balance" [Test pH balance for diagnosing vaginal acidity Premium Diagnostics [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://medmir24.ru/akusherstvo-i-ginekologiya/ekspress-testy/test-ph-balans-5]. For this purpose, use also instrumental technology [Kira EF, Semenova KE, Markaryan A.M. The role of pH-metry in the diagnosis of vaginal infections // Gynecology. - 2014. - T. 16, No. 2. - S. 9-14.].

We did not find a pH-measurement of the sow's vagina in order to diagnose the latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows in the available literature.

The technical result of the invention is the development of a method for diagnosing a latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows by determining the pH of the vagina.

To achieve a technical result in a method for diagnosing a latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows, according to the invention, in sows at the onset of the stage of excitement of the sexual cycle during the phenomenon of "estrus", the vaginal pH is determined and latent endometritis is diagnosed at a pH of 7.2 units or more ...

The method is carried out as follows.

The external genital organs of the sow are sanitized. A disinfected vaginal speculum is inserted into the vagina and a probe with a pH-active textile material (for example, a pH-active cellulose-containing textile material dyed with an indicator dye in accordance with patent No. 2626352) is inserted until it stops in the cervix and kept in it for at least 5 seconds. Then a probe with a pH-active material and a vaginal speculum are removed from the vagina in sequence. Vaginal pH values are determined by visually comparing the color and color intensity of the pH-active textile material extracted from the sow's vagina with the corresponding color field of the reference pH-active material soaked in buffer solutions. The vaginal pH is determined from the coincidence of the color and intensity of the color of the sensor material of the probe with the color of the pH of the active material taken as a reference.

Thus, by determining the pH of the vagina in sows, it is possible to diagnose the inflammatory process in the reproductive organs.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. The experiment included 27 sows, in which, at the onset of the stage of arousal of the sexual cycle during the phenomenon of "estrus", the pH of the vagina was determined using the proposed method and cervical-uterine mucus was obtained using the "Kit for obtaining cervical-uterine mucus in sows" with its subsequent assessment for latent endometritis according to the test of G.M. Kalinovsky. When determining the pH of the sows vagina, we used a textile material with a pH of 6.5-9.0 units, the color intensity of which, after being removed from the sows vagina, was compared with the color field of five reference materials soaked in buffer solutions, the pH of which was 6.6, respectively; 7.0; 7.4; 7.6; 8.0. In cases where the intensity of the color of the textile material was less pronounced than the reference one with pH 6.6, we set pH <6.6. The sows' vagina pH values were compared with the results of the assessment of cervical-uterine mucus for latent endometritis according to the test of G.M. Kalinovsky.

When comparing the pH values of the vagina of sows with the results of the test by G.M. Kalinovsky, the following was established (table 1).

Of 15 sows, whose vaginal pH was up to 6.8 units, in 13 (86.7%) animals samples of cervical uterine mucus had a negative reaction and 2 (13.3%) samples had a positive reaction for latent endometritis according to test D .M. Kalinovsky. Of 12 sows with a vaginal pH of 7.2 units. and higher, negative reaction to latent endometritis according to the test of G.M. Kalinovsky was obtained in 3 (25.0%) cases and a positive reaction - in 9 (75.0%) cases. The coincidence of the pH of the vagina up to 6.8 units. with negative results of assessment of cervical-uterine mucus according to the test of G.M. Kalinovsky took place in 13 (48.1%) cases and the vaginal pH was 7.2 units. and more with positive results of the GM test. Kalinovsky - in 9 (33.3%) cases with a total number of matches equal to 22 (81.5%), which makes it possible to use a vaginal pH of 7.2 units. and more as a diagnostic criterion for a latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs (latent endometritis) in sows.

Indicators of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the proposed method for the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of sows by determining the pH of the vagina are calculated according to the appropriate methodology [Vasiliev A.Yu., Maly A.Yu., Serov NS. // 3 tutorial. - 2008. [Electronic resource] - Access mode: htth // vmede.org / sait /? Id = Onkologiya_analiz_vasilev_2008 & menu = Onkologiya_analiz_vasilev_2008 & page = 3.] According to the formulas:

H = PI: (PI + LO) ⋅100%, where

H - sensitivity,

PI - the number of litters with a truly positive result,

LO is the number of litters with a false negative result.

H = 9: (9 + 2) ⋅100 = 81.8%

С = ИО: (ИО + LP) ⋅100%, where

С - specificity,

IO - the number of litters with a truly negative result,

LP is the number of litters with a false positive result.

С = 13: (13 + 3) ⋅100 = 81.3%

T = (PI + IO): N⋅100%, where

T - accuracy,

PI - the number of litters with a truly positive result,

IO - the number of litters with a truly negative result,

N is the number of sows in the experiment.

T = (9 + 13): 27⋅100 = 81.5%

Total: The sensitivity of the claimed method is 81.8%

The specificity of the claimed method is 81.3%

The accuracy of the claimed method is 81.5%

Example 2.

In sows during the "estrus" phenomenon, the vaginal pH was determined in the same way as in Example 1, and cervical uterine mucus was obtained to determine the GGT content. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the pH values of the vagina with the values of the GGT content in the cervical-uterine mucus (Table 2).

Of 18 sows, whose vaginal pH was up to 6.8 units, in 16 (88.9%) animals samples of cervical-uterine mucus had a negative reaction to latent endometritis in terms of the activity of the GGT enzyme (800 U / L or less) and 2 (11.1%) samples - a positive reaction in terms of the activity of the enzyme GGT (900 U / l and more). Of 13 sows with a vaginal pH of 7.2 units. and above, a negative reaction for GGT was obtained in 3 (23.1%) cases and a positive reaction for assessing cervical-uterine mucus in terms of the activity of the GGT enzyme - in 10 (76.9%) cases. The coincidence of the pH of the vagina up to 6.8 units. with negative results for GGT was 16 (51.6%) cases and the pH of the vagina 7.2 units. and more with positive results on GGT - 10 (32.3%) cases with a total number of matches equal to 26 (83.9%), which is also the basis for using the vaginal pH of 7.2 units. and more as a diagnostic criterion for a latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows.

The indicators of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the proposed method for diagnosing inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs of sows by determining the pH of the vagina in this example are as follows.

Calculating the sensitivity:

H = 10: (10 + 2) ⋅100% = 83.3%

Calculating the specificity:

С = 16: (16 + 3) ⋅100% = 84.2%

Calculation of accuracy:

T = (10 + 16): 31⋅100 = 83.9%

Total: The sensitivity of the claimed method - 83.3%

The specificity of the claimed method is 84.2%

The accuracy of the claimed method is 83.9%.

The claimed method in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy does not have a significant difference with the compared methods for diagnosing latent endometritis in sows, it is much easier to perform, does not require the use of instrumental technology and laboratory research.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing a latent inflammatory process in the reproductive organs of sows, characterized in that in sows at the onset of the stage of excitation of the sexual cycle during the phenomenon of "estrus", the vaginal pH is determined and latent endometritis is diagnosed at a pH of 7.2 units or more.