RU2730660C1 - Biocomposite plant growth stimulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Disclosed is a biocomposition growth promoter for agricultural plants, comprising hydrolysate from non-food cattle trimmed mass, hydrolysed mixture of banana peels and fir needles and soaked milled onion husks.EFFECT: invention enables to obtain a growth stimulator having high nutrient and biological value for soil and crops.1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to biocomposite growth stimulants, based on organic waste from the food and forest industry and can be used in the cultivation of cereal crops and other agricultural crops, as a means for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and soil, as well as foliar dressing during the period vegetation of plants to increase the activity of their growth.

Known biological plant growth stimulator "Biostim" (Registration number of the Gosstandart of Russia PTU and Rostov CSM No. 007658, TU 2180-001-51599205-2003, manufacturer LLC "Vzglyad", Rostov-on-Don), which is a phytohormone that exhibits its action through the DNA of plant cells. It is used to increase the yield of vegetables, legumes, potatoes, fruits, berries and flowers.

The disadvantage of this biological product is its effect on the genetic apparatus of plants, and in this regard, with systematic use, long-term consequences are not clear. The mother and working solutions obtained and prepared from it are stored for only 4-6 hours without a refrigerator, which makes it difficult to use it in agricultural technology.

It is known to use a substance in agriculture that has a regulating effect on plant growth, which contains arachidonic acid as a biologically active substance, and water and an organic solvent as a solvent with a ratio of components, mg / l: arachidonic acid - 0.0001-0, 1, organic solvent 8.0-16000; water - the rest (patent RU No. 2076598 C1, MPK6 A01N 25/02, A01C 1/00, A01N 37/06. Plant growth stimulator. / Yu.V. Agafonov, V.P. Morozov, V.V. Vakulenko et al. . - Application RU No. 94016518/15. Applied 05.20.1994, publ. 04.10.1997).

The disadvantage of this remedy is a one-sided effect associated only with the growth of deciduous mass during its use, as well as great difficulties in obtaining arachidonic acid from the internal organs of animals (liver, pancreas, testes, etc.).

There is also known a method of stimulating plant growth with aqueous solutions of saturated dicarboxylic acids, such as malonic, oxalic, malic or succinic acids at a concentration of 10-11 -10-15 mol / l in an aqueous solution (patent RU 2267924 C1, IPC 6 А01N 37/04 Method for stimulating plant growth. / AL Vereshchagin, VV Kropotkina, SS Akimova and others - Application RU No. 2004132060/04. Declared 02.11.2004, publ. 20.01.2006).

The disadvantages of this method include the possibility of its effective use only on one monoculture - radish. Treatment of seeds with the drug is carried out by soaking the seeds, which narrows the area of use.

There is also known a method of producing a plant growth stimulator from peat and / or sapropel, the essence of which is the extraction of raw materials in an aqueous medium with the addition of alkali and homogenization at a suspension pH of no more than 10 and a ratio of the masses of raw materials and aqueous media as 1: 0.5: 2 Then the resulting suspension is fractionally purified.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of strong chemical reagents - alkali, which requires additional purification for further safe use.

The technical problem of the claimed invention is the creation of a biocomposite growth stimulator, which can accelerate the growth of crops and improve soil fertility.

The technical result is a biocomposite growth stimulator based on organic waste from the meat, fruit and vegetable and forest industries and having a high nutritional and biological value for soil and crops, due to the high content of organic and mineral substances responsible for the activation of plant growth, namely total nitrogen, lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, methionine, glycine, proline, threonine, and phosphorus with potassium.

The problem is solved by creating a biocomposite growth stimulator for agricultural crops, including a hydrolyzate from non-edible trimmed mass of cattle (c.r.s.) (GZHM), a hydrolyzed mixture of banana peels and spruce needles, as well as chopped and soaked onion husks in the following ratios (mass):

Hydrolyzate from non-food trimmed mass c.r.s. 50-60 Hydrolyzed Banana Peel & Spruce Needle Blend 30-40 Soaked Chopped Onion Hulls 5-15

One of the main factors for the successful development of the agricultural base is the strengthening and expansion of the range of organic fertilizers, the creation of environmentally friendly growth stimulants for agricultural plants containing nutrients with high digestibility, stimulating normal growth and intensive development of plants. Since the processing enterprises of various branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation create huge resources of annually accumulating organic waste, there is a technical possibility of their resource-efficient processing into biologically active substances that can be used as a basis for growth stimulants intended for agricultural plants. The use of modern biochemical and technological processes for the processing of organic waste, at the enterprises of the food and processing industry, with the use of enzyme and microbial preparations, makes it possible to more efficiently process this waste, improve the indicators of the economic security of enterprises and cities in general. Work in this direction is developing in the European Union countries, where the issues of environmental safety of food enterprises come to the fore.

Among organic waste, one can distinguish by-product (secondary) raw materials from the meat, fruit and vegetable and forest industries, namely, the non-food salary mass obtained after processing cattle, banana peels, onion husks and spruce needles, which contains all nutrients for the soil, which allows them to process in order to obtain effective organic growth stimulants to increase fertility and intensify plant growth.

Hydrolyzate from non-food veined mass of c.r.s. get as follows:

The veined mass after the primary treatment of cattle is soaked in a 5% citric acid solution for 40 minutes, with a raw material: solution ratio of 1: 1 and ground on a top with a hole diameter of 5 mm. After that, enzymatic treatment is carried out using the enzyme preparation "Protepsin" with a total proteolytic activity of 150 U / g. For enzymatic processing of raw materials, the following parameters are used: concentration of the enzyme preparation "Protepsin" 0.1% by weight of raw materials, processing time 3 hours, processing temperature 35 ° C, hydromodule raw material: water 1: 1. The resulting aqueous mixture of hydrolyzate is passed through an ultrafiltration unit 5 kDa to concentrate the system 2 times and more completely separate moisture from the hydrolyzate fraction.

Banana peel and spruce needles for biostimulant are prepared as follows:

Banana peel (CB) and spruce needles (XE) are pretreated, namely, washed with water and ground in the case of banana peels on a cutter for 15 minutes, and in the case of spruce needles on a grinder-grinder to a finely ground state with particles with an average diameter of less than 1 mm. Next, the resulting mass of banana peel and common spruce needles is mixed in the ratio KB: XE - 50:50. The mixture is subjected to enzymatic treatment using a complex enzyme preparation "Protepsin" with high amylolytic activity with the following parameters: processing time 4 hours, concentration of the enzyme preparation 1% by weight of raw material, hydromodule water: raw material 1: 1. After enzymatic treatment, the mixture is subjected to ultrafiltration for concentration by 2–3 times. The resulting mixture was further used as part of a biocomposite growth stimulator.

Onion husks are crushed to a powder state and soaked in water to mix the husks: water 1: 1.

The components, namely the hydrolyzate from the trimmed mass of c.r.s., a vegetable mixture based on the peel of bananas and spruce needles, as well as onion peels are mixed on a homogenizer at a speed of 4000 min ^-1 for 25 minutes. The obtained growth stimulator is dried using vacuum convection drying to a moisture content of not more than 14%, the resulting layers of a growth stimulator are ground to a powder.

This combination of components in a biocompositional growth stimulator allows obtaining a universal additive to the soil, which increases the growth rate of agricultural plants and their nutritional value, in particular, as well as soil fertility in general.

The finished biocomposite growth stimulator is a light brown powder.

Examples are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 Components Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Hydrolyzate from non-food trimmed mass c.r.s. 50 55 60 Hydrolyzed Banana Peel & Spruce Needle Blend 35 40 thirty Soaked Chopped Onion Hulls 15 five ten

Comparative properties of the growth promoter are presented in table. 2, 3 and 4.

Table 2 - Chemical composition of the stimulant BSR in comparison with the most commonly used types of organic fertilizers,%

Indicators BSR (dry) Bird droppings (thermally dried) Sapropel (thermally dried) Moisture content 13.34 ± 0.33 17.46 ± 1.55 16.73 ± 1.48 Mass fraction of dry substances 86.66 ± 2.12 82.54 ± 2.01 83.27 ± 0.97 Total nitrogen content (N _total ) 8.84 ± 0.24 4.54 ± 0.13 3.42 ± 0.10 Phosphorus content, by P ₂ O ₅ 3.26 ± 0.09 3.91 ± 0.11 2.37 ± 0.06 Potassium content, by K ₂ O 2.15 ± 0.06 1.74 ± 0.04 1.26 ± 0.03

From the data table. 2, it can be seen that the BSR according to the values of the analyzed indicators prevails over the values of these indicators in poultry manure and sapropel used for comparison, except for the mass fraction of phosphorus, which is the highest in poultry manure. But, despite this, BSR has all the necessary components to actively stimulate the growth of agricultural plants, in particular, a higher content of total nitrogen, which in turn is associated with a significant content of free amino acids.

Table 3 - Amino acid composition of the BCR stimulant, poultry droppings and sapropel, calculated on dry matter,%

Amino acids BSR Bird droppings Sapropel Glycine 7.41 1.21 0.77 Aspartic acid 1.17 1.04 0.96 Glutamic acid 3.03 1.29 1.24 Lysine 1.02 0.72 0.45 Alanin 2.18 0.75 0.73 Leucine 1.01 0.61 0.56 Valine 0.78 0.62 0.68 Serine 1.74 0.54 0.47 Threonine 1.22 0.63 0.59 Isoleucine 0.60 0.43 0.67 Phenylalanine 0.69 0.39 0.55 Arginine 1.25 0.35 0.53 Proline 8.86 0.33 0.33 Tyrosine 0.12 0.19 0.41 Histidine 0.31 0.16 0.29 Cystine 0.14 0.04 0.24 Methionine 0.41 0.09 0.27 Tryptophan 0.03 traces traces

Amino acids are essential for normal plant metabolism, since they are the elements from which plant cell proteins are formed. Along with storage proteins that determine the quality of the crop, enzymes involved in the regulation of processes occurring in the cell play a more important role. Plants are able to synthesize the amino acids they need. However, during a period of intensive growth or under stress, the additional intake of amino acids from the outside allows the plant to accelerate metabolic processes.

From the data table. 3, it can be seen that BSB contains all the amino acids necessary for active germination of plant seeds. In the BSR, a higher mass fraction of almost all essential amino acids was observed. These amino acids are responsible for the active growth of plant seeds, their higher content will contribute to a more intense stimulating effect.

It should also be noted that BSR contains a large mass fraction of glycine and proline, on average 6–8 times more than in bird droppings or sapropel. This factor is positive. In addition to the general stimulating effect of growth, glycine and proline contribute to tissue development, increase anti-stress action and resistance to osmotic stress, and improve the palatability of plants.

Table 4 shows the integral values of the effect of the stimulant effect on the rate of formation of germinated mustard seeds, assessed by the proportion of germinated seeds depending on the time of exposure in a nutrient medium.

Table 4 - Germination of seeds in the presence of a growth stimulator,% of the amount

Time, days Using a stimulant Control (water) Bird droppings Sapropel BSR 1 20 thirty 25 50 2 20 45 36 65 3 50 55 43 88

From table. 4 shows that seed germination occurred more intensively in the BSR medium, which, other things being equal, contained more free amino acids. Thus, in the BSR environment, which basically contains more than 70% of a fairly balanced mixture of free amino acids, seed exposure led to germination at a high rate, compared to bird droppings and sapropel. The latter contained about 45% of free amino acids; therefore, the formation of sprouts here was several times slower. It should be noted that the same BSR contains the most free lysine necessary for plant development. Also, active germination of seeds is affected by phosphorus and potassium, the content of which predominated in the BSR.

Claims (2)

Biocomposite growth stimulator for agricultural plants, including hydrolyzate from non-edible trimmed mass of cattle, hydrolyzed mixture of banana peel and spruce needles and soaked chopped onion husk in the following ratios by weight: Hydrolyzate from non-food trimmed mass cattle 50-60 Hydrolyzed Banana Peel & Spruce Needle Blend 30-40 Soaked Chopped Onion Hulls 5-15