RU2729693C1 - Powdered fire extinguisher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire equipment, namely to design of fire extinguishers, and can be widely used in development and production of fire extinguishing means. Powder extinguisher comprises housing, shut-off device with siphon tube, nozzle, fire extinguishing agent and displacing gas. Cavity with displacing gas is separated by rigid and sealed partition with aerator from cavity with fire extinguishing substance. In the partition there is a valve contacting through the assembled hollow pusher with the shut-off and starting device. At the same time partition is made in the form of truncated cone, and assembled hollow pusher is made with possibility of its installation into fire extinguisher through holes made in partition, bottom and aerator.

EFFECT: providing tightness of the fire extinguisher to powder filling, control of powder state and its recharging without pressure release in cavity with displacing gas.

7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment, namely to the design of fire extinguishers, and can be widely used in the development and production of fire extinguishing means, in particular, powder and foam fire extinguishers.

Prior art

Known powder fire extinguisher, containing a housing with a fire extinguishing powder, equipped with a device for ejection of a fire extinguishing agent with an exhaust valve, and a gas generator, including a shut-off device and a decomposition chamber with an initiation unit, a gas-generating charge, a limiter-lock and holes for gas outlet. A fast-burning gas-generating charge with a combustion time of 0.7-1.5 s is placed in the decomposition chamber in such a way that between the initiation unit and the gas-generating charge there is a free cavity, which is 20-50% of the volume of the gas-generating charge, and in the device for ejection of a fire extinguishing agent for or in front of it there is a bursting disc with a bursting force that guarantees the achievement of the minimum working pressure in the housing (patent RU 2160618 dated 07.12.1998). The disadvantage of this fire extinguisher is the explosiveness of the gas-generating substance, high cost, high temperature of expelling gases, lack of indication of operability, as well as a relatively high waiting time for readiness to work.

Known manual powder fire extinguisher containing a housing with a locking device. A baffle made with a calibrated hole is mounted in the body, and the locking device has a spool (Inventor's certificate 354868 dated December 23, 1970). The disadvantage of this design is that the entire body is under pressure and, if damaged, fire extinguishing powder will be released. Also, due to the location of the air outlet at the top of the cylinder, there will be a large percentage of unused extinguishing powder residue.

The closest analogue of the invention is a fire extinguisher containing a housing, a locking and starting device with a siphon tube, a nozzle or a sleeve with a nozzle, a fire extinguishing agent and an expelling gas, and the cavity with the expelling gas is separated by a rigid and sealed partition from the cavity with the extinguishing agent, and is made in the partition a valve in contact through a hollow pusher with a locking and starting device. The hollow pusher is made prefabricated, mainly with a threaded connection. (Patent for invention No. 2704554, priority 04.03.2019). The disadvantage of this design is the complexity of manufacturing a hollow pusher, the impossibility of installing the hollow pusher after painting the cylinder and the impossibility of checking the tightness of the fire extinguisher before filling the fire extinguishing powder.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of a powder fire extinguisher and technology for its assembly and quality control.

Disclosure of invention

This problem is solved in a powder fire extinguisher containing a housing, a shut-off device with a siphon tube, a nozzle or a sleeve with a nozzle, a fire extinguishing agent and a displacing gas located in a cavity with a displacing gas, separated by a rigid and sealed partition from a cavity with a fire extinguishing agent, a valve in a partition, in contact through a prefabricated hollow pusher with a locking and starting device.

According to the invention, the assembled hollow pusher is configured to be installed through the holes in the bottom, the baffle and the aerator, respectively, and in the upper part of the prefabricated hollow pusher the spool is made to open upon contact, for example, with the membrane of the pressure indicator. This solution makes it possible to significantly simplify the installation of the prefabricated hollow pusher and make it after painting the powder fire extinguisher, and also allows you to fill the fire extinguishing powder after pumping and checking the tightness of the cavity with expelling gas, which simplifies the assembly technology and work with rejects, and also allows you to control the state of the powder and recharging without relieving pressure in the propellant cavity.

The prefabricated hollow pusher consists of a metal tube and upper and lower tips, and the tightness of their connection is provided mainly by a sealant .. This allows the cavity with the expelling gas to be connected with a pressure indicator, which ensures the control of the fire extinguisher's suitability during storage and the remaining charge during its use. Also, through the prefabricated hollow pusher, the valve in the partition is opened. The assembly of the prefabricated hollow pusher makes it possible to simplify its production, since it makes it possible to separate the tips of a complex shape from the tube, which is cheap and makes up almost the entire length of the prefabricated hollow pusher.

A stop is made on the upper tip, interacting with the locking and starting device, and the largest diameter of the stop is essentially equal to the diameter of the hole in the aerator. Through the stop, the force is transferred from the locking and starting device to the valve in the partition, and the equality of the largest diameter of the stop to the diameter of the hole in the aerator makes it possible to install a prefabricated hollow pusher in a painted cylinder of a powder fire extinguisher assembled, which greatly simplifies the assembly process. The upper tip is provided with grooves for O-rings entering the cylindrical part of the pressure indicator housing, a lead-in cone to facilitate assembly, and a spool seat. Two O-rings eliminate the need to check this joint. The spool seat is made in the upper tip, because the upper tip is the closest part to the interaction between the spool and the shut-off device.

The lower tip is provided with a direction for a spring, a lead-in cone, a groove for a baffle valve and a guide projection, the diameter of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the aerator opening. The start cone simplifies assembly, and the equality of the diameters of the guide tab and the hole in the aerator allows the assembly of the hollow follower to be guided and minimizes air flow through the gap between the bottom tip and the aerator.

In the bottom of the housing, a plug with a spool is made for pumping and pumping a cavity with a displacing gas, and the internal diameter of the thread in the bottom for the plug is substantially equal to the largest diameter of the lower tip. This design makes it possible to install a prefabricated hollow pusher assembly through the hole in the bottom of the painted cylinder, which greatly simplifies the assembly, and also allows you to check the tightness of the cylinder by holding it for 24 hours before filling the fire extinguishing powder.

The bottom of the body is connected to the body cover by a welded seam made on the cylindrical part of the partition. This makes it possible to reduce the percentage of scrap from piercing during welding of the bottom of the body and shell, as well as to strengthen the cavity with the displacing gas and, therefore, to increase the allowable pressure in it and reduce the dimensions of the cavity, as well as to exclude one welded seam. When the top cover is made in one piece with a shell in the form of a glass, the number of welds is reduced to one, while the appearance is improved. This solution also allows the lid to be made of a thinner material.

The upper and lower tips are made of plastic, which makes them easier to manufacture, as complex shapes are easier to cast using casting.

The features and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the description of the preferred embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a powder fire extinguisher;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the top tip in a fire extinguisher;

FIG. 3 shows the bottom tip and plug in a fire extinguisher on an enlarged scale.

Embodiments of the invention

As shown in FIG. 1, a powder fire extinguisher consists of a body formed by a cover 1 (Fig. 1) and a bottom welded to it 2. A thread is rolled on the cover 1, with the help of which a shut-off-starting device 3 is attached to the body, including a pressure indicator 4, a siphon tube 5 with an oblique cut and a valve 6 (Fig. 1, 2), pressed by a spring 7, a hose with a nozzle 8 (Fig. 1) and a control lever 9. To seal the joint of the neck of the cap 1 and the locking-trigger device 3, a rubber ring 10 ( Fig. 1, 2).

Inside the body there is a partition 11 (Fig. 1), dividing the body into two cavities: a cavity with a fire extinguishing agent 12 and a cavity with an expelling gas 13. The partition 11 is welded to the body simultaneously with welding of the cover 1 and the bottom 2 and has the shape of a cone, the angle of which is essentially equal to the angle of repose (angle of flow), which makes it possible to use almost the entire charge of the extinguishing powder in the case of its application, which is especially important for mobile fire extinguishers. On the partition 11, a seat 14 (Fig. 1, 3) of the valve 15 is made, pressed against the seat 14 by the spring 16 and the possibility of connecting the cavity with the extinguishing agent 12 (Fig. 1) and the cavity with the expelling gas 13. Aerator 17 is welded to the partition 11, which forms distribution cavity 18, as well as three radial nozzles 19.

The valve 15 (Fig. 1, 3) interacts with the locking trigger device 3 (Fig. 1) by means of an assembled hollow pusher, which consists of a metal tube 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 3), an upper tip 21 (Fig. 1, 2 ) and the lower tip 22 (Fig. 1, 3), made of glass-filled plastic. The tube 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 3) is connected to the upper 21 (Fig. 1, 2) and lower 22 (Fig. 1, 3) ferrules by means of annular grooves made in the upper 21 (Fig. 1, 2) and the lower 22 (Fig. 1, 3) tips on the sealant. The assembled hollow pusher connects the cavity with the expelling gas 13 (Fig. 1) with the sub-membrane cavity of the pressure indicator 4.

The upper tip 21 has a stop 23 (Fig. 1, 2), the diameter of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the hole in the aerator 17 (Fig. 1) to enable the assembly of the hollow pusher to be installed in the fire extinguisher body, through which the force from the pressure indicator body 4 (Fig. . 1) when pressed on the control lever 9 is transmitted through the assembled hollow pusher to the valve 15 (Fig. 1, 3).

Also on the upper tip 21 (Fig. 1, 2) there are 2 grooves, in which O-rings 24 (Fig. 2) are installed, sealing the joint of the pressure indicator body 4 (Fig. 1) and the upper tip 21 (Fig. 1, 2) ... The presence of two sealing rings 24 (Fig. 2) makes it possible to increase the reliability of the tightness of the joint and not to check it.

To facilitate assembly, on the upper tip 21 (Fig. 1, 2), lead-in cones are made in the upper part for assembly and in the lower part for disassembly.

Inside the upper tip 21 there is a spool 25, spring-loaded towards the pressure indicator 4 (Fig. 1). In the absence of a locking and triggering device 3, the spool is in the closed position, that is, it is pressed against the seat made on the upper tip 21 (Fig. 1, 2) by the spring 26 (Fig. 2). With the installed locking and starting device 3 (Fig. 1), the spool 25 (Fig. 1, 2) is pressed by the indicator membrane 4 (Fig. 1) and is in the open position, connecting the cavity with the displacing gas 13 with the sub-membrane cavity of the pressure indicator 4. Availability spool 25 (Fig. 1, 2) allows you to pump the fire extinguisher with expelling gas before filling the powder and control the tightness of the cavity with expelling gas 13 (Fig. 1), as well as to control and replace the powder without re-pumping.

The lower tip 22 (Figs. 1, 3) has a groove for the valve 15, which is located on the tapered part, which essentially repeats the cone on the seat 14. Also, the tip 22 has a direction for the spring 16 and a guide protrusion, the diameter of which is substantially equal to the diameter of the hole in the aerator 17 (Fig. 1), in which it is installed in the powder fire extinguisher, which allows guiding the assembly hollow pusher and minimizing the gap between the aerator 17 and the guide protrusion. In this case, the diameter of the guide protrusion and, accordingly, the diameter of the hole in the aerator 17 are made as small as possible, as far as the strength of the stop 23 on the upper tip 21 will allow, which makes it possible to increase the flow area of the valve 15 (Figs. 1, 3).

For ease of assembly, a plug 27 (Fig. 1, 3) is provided in the bottom 2 (Fig. 1), and the inner diameter of the thread for the plug 27 in the bottom 2 (Fig. 1) is substantially equal to the largest diameter of the assembled hollow pusher. Thus, the assembled hollow pusher is assembled into the painted body of the fire extinguisher from below through the hole for the plug 27. The joint of the plug 27 and the bottom 2 (Fig. 1) is sealed with a rubber ring 28 (Fig. 2).

For pumping a cavity with a displacing gas 13 (Fig. 1), for example, nitrogen, a hole is made in the plug 27 (Figs. 1, 3), closed by a spool 29 (Fig. 3), made in the form of a cap with slots on the sides for the displacement passage gas. The spool 29 is pressed by the spring 16 (Fig. 1, 3) through the rubber gasket 30 (Fig. 3) to the end of the plug 27 (Fig. 1, 3), sealing the hole in the plug 27.

On the bottom 2 (Fig. 1, 2) there are protrusions 31 (Fig. 1) to give stability to the fire extinguisher.

The bottom 2 and the partition 11 can be made of a material thicker than the cover 1, and docked with the cover 1 on the partition 11, i.e. for one welding seam, which reduces the percentage of rejects from burn-through during welding. Thus, the cavity with the expelling gas 13 is made with thicker walls, which makes it possible to bring the pressure in it to 2.5 MPa (which corresponds to low pressure cylinders in accordance with GOST 51057-2002) and to reduce its volume and dimensions of the fire extinguisher.

The fire extinguisher is assembled as follows. The aerator 17 is welded by contact welding to the partition 11, which is then pressed into the bottom 2, after which the cover 1 is pressed in and the joint is welded. After painting the cylinder, the prefabricated hollow pusher, spring 16, spool 29 (Fig. 3) are inserted from the lower end of the cylinder and the plug 27 is installed for a moment. Then the extinguisher is pumped with displacing gas, for which a special fitting is used, which, through a hole in the plug 27 (Fig. 1, 3), lifts the spool 29 (Fig. 3) with a gasket 30, compressing the spring 16 (Fig. 1.3), opening thus a passage for the compressed propellant gas. After pumping, the cylinders are tested for tightness within a day, after which the pressure in the cavity 13 is checked and the powder is poured into the suitable ones through the neck in the lid 1. Next, the shut-off and trigger device 3 is installed. The membrane of the pressure indicator 4 presses on the valve 25 (Fig. 1, 2), opening the passage for the expelling gas from the cavity with the expelling gas 13 (Fig. 1) to the pressure indicator 4, which begins to show the current pressure in the cavity with the expelling gas 13.

Powder fire extinguisher works as follows.

When pressing the control lever 9, the pressure indicator 4 moves down, opening the valve 6 (Fig. 1, 2), at the same time through the stop 23 of the upper tip 21 moves the assembled hollow pusher and opens the valve 15 (Fig. 1, 3). In this case, the force applied to the control lever 9 (Fig. 1) required to start the fire extinguisher does not exceed the force of starting conventional injection fire extinguishers, since at the moment of starting there is no excess pressure in the cavity with the extinguishing agent 12. The expelling gas from the cavity with the expelling gas 13 enters the distribution cavity 18 and through the radial nozzles 19 it enters the cavity with the extinguishing agent 12. The pressure in the cavity with the extinguishing agent 12 rises sharply and is practically equal to the pressure in the cavity with the expelling gas 13 in about 0 , 2 s, determined by the flow area of the valve 15, loosening the powder. The created pressure in the cavity with the extinguishing agent 12 displaces the powder through the siphon tube 5 and then with a delay of 0.2 ... 0.4 s through the hose with the nozzle 8 to the fire site in the form of a stable jet. In this case, the expelling gas continues to flow from the expelling gas cavity 13, maintaining a stable atomization of the extinguishing powder. And thanks to the conical shape of the partition 11, almost the entire charge of the extinguishing powder will be used.

When a powder is used as a fire extinguishing agent, it is loosened due to the shift of its layers, since the displacing gas entering through the valve 15 (Figs. 1, 3) does not have time to filter through the bulk of the powder and shifts the peripheral layers of the powder upward and further to the center, which is facilitated and the conical shape of the cover 2 (Fig. 1) of the powder fire extinguisher. In this way, caked powder is loosened. This makes it possible to increase the service life of a fire extinguisher without maintenance up to 10 years, similar to automatic fire extinguishing systems, and also to use almost the entire volume of powder.

Claims (10)

1. Powder fire extinguisher containing a housing with a bottom (2), a shut-off and starting device (3) with a pressure indicator (4) and a siphon tube (5), a nozzle or a hose with a nozzle (8), a fire extinguishing agent and a displacing gas located in the cavity (13), separated by a rigid and sealed partition (11) with an aerator (17) from the cavity with the extinguishing agent (12), a valve (15) in the partition (11), a prefabricated hollow pusher (21) made with the possibility of contact with locking and starting device (3), characterized in that prefabricated hollow pusher is made with the possibility of its installation through holes made, respectively, in the bottom (2), partition (11) and aerator (17), and at its top part of the prefabricated hollow pusher (21) contains a spool (25) made with the possibility of opening when in contact with the membrane of the pressure indicator (4) of the shut-off device (3). 2. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated hollow pusher is made of a metal tube (20) and hermetically sealed upper (21) and lower (22) tips. 3. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 2, characterized in that on the upper tip (21) a stop (23) is made, which can interact with the locking and starting device (3), grooves for O-rings (24) included in the cylindrical part of the body pressure indicator (4), lead-in cone and spool seat (25), and the largest diameter of the stop (23) is made equal to the diameter of the hole in the aerator (17). 4. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 2, characterized in that on the lower tip (22) there are guides for the spring (16), an inlet cone, a groove for the valve (15) of the partition (11) and a guide protrusion, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the hole aerator (17). 5. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bottom (2) of the body there is a plug (27) with a spool (29) for pumping and pumping the cavity with expelling gas (13), and the inner diameter of the thread in the bottom (2) under the plug (27) is made equal to the largest diameter of the lower tip (22). 6. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom (2) is connected to the cover (1) by a welded seam made on the cylindrical part of the partition (11). 7. Powder fire extinguisher according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper and lower tips are made of plastic.

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