RU2727980C1 - Spherical shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, in particular to structures of spherical shells. Spherical shell consists of rod elements and hinges forming fragments of flat grid with possibility of its transformation into shape of spherical surface of rotation. Fragments of flat grid consist of three spatial six-link mechanisms, and rod elements are links of spatial six-link mechanism. Enclosure is formed of four sectors, which in turn are formed of two fragments consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are hinged in rhombus, with possibility of being fixed in design closed position. Enclosure can consist of five sectors, which in turn are formed of four fragments consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are hinged in a parallelogram, with possibility of being fixed in the design closed position.EFFECT: technical result is higher strength of shell.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to various fields of technology, in particular to the structures of spherical shells in the field of construction and can be used for the construction of domed structures.

Spherical shells are polyhedrons inscribed in a spherical surface of revolution. They are usually formed as a lattice of triangles, trapezoids, rhombuses, pentagons, hexagons, and other shapes. The lattice rods at the nodes of the spherical shells are pivotally connected. Despite the external openwork and lightness of the spherical shells, their manufacture is still extremely expensive and laborious. It is the complexity of the construction technology that is holding back the wider use of these structures.

Failures of building structures oblige designers to pay special attention to ensuring sufficient strength, stability and viability of the designed facilities. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to use structural elements that have been properly studied and tested in construction practice. Such structural elements from the class of dome coverings include shells that have a closed spherical shape. This modification of the shell differs, first of all, in that it is an individual structural element that maximizes the strength, stability and viability of the structure.

Known spherical shells with a breakdown of the sphere into elements by geodesic lines - circles with radii equal to the radius of the sphere. / G. Pavlov, A. Suprun "Geodesic domes: modern design" sapr.ru> article / 16093 /.

The disadvantage of the known structures of spherical shells is that when overlapping structures of large volumes, the number of structural elements having different sizes increases significantly and, accordingly, the calculations associated with determining their sizes and their position in the assembled shell become more complicated, which complicates the technology, construction of the structure, which leads to higher costs and inefficiency.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed design is a spherical shell, consisting of rod elements and hinges, forming a flat lattice with the possibility of transforming it into the shape of a spherical surface of revolution, in which the flat lattice is formed of at least three fragments connected by hinges in an equilateral a triangle in the form of a lattice with triangular cells, and each fragment consists of three spatial six-link mechanisms, connected by hinges in an equilateral triangle in the form of a lattice with triangular cells, while the bar elements, which are links of the spatial six-link mechanisms, are made of the same length, the longitudinal axes of the bar elements, adjacent to the hinge are perpendicular to the hinge axes and are made with the possibility of intersecting with them, and the hinge axes of the rod elements are rotated at different angles, in the first case at an angle of 90 °, in the second case at an angle of 60 °. (RF patent N 2665638, class E04B 1/32, "Mesh shell". Publ. 07/29/2018. Bull. No. 25).

The disadvantages of the known design are:

- the complexity of the installation of the structure, associated with the need to carry out work to fix the spherical shell in the design position at a height, for example, with the support unit of the base;

- insufficient strength, stability and viability of the structure, due to the fact that it has the shape of a circular segment, and not the shape of a completely closed sphere.

The object of the invention to be solved is to simplify the design of a spherical shell, which does not require the operation of fixing the structure in the design position at a height, to ensure maximum strength, stability and viability of the structure, to expand the functionality of its transformation from a flat view into a closed spherical shape.

The technical result from the use of the invention is the creation of a simple, strong, stable spherical shell, with the possibility of transforming from a flat view into the shape of a closed spherical surface of revolution by expanding its functionality.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a spherical shell, consisting of rod elements and hinges, forming a flat lattice with the possibility of transforming it into the shape of a spherical surface of revolution, in which the flat lattice is formed from fragments, a fragment consists of three spatial six-link mechanisms connected by hinges into an equilateral a triangle in the form of a lattice with triangular cells, and the rod elements are made of the same length and are links of spatial six-link mechanisms, according to which the spherical shell is formed of four sectors, which in turn are formed of two fragments consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are connected by hinges in a rhombus, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

Contributes to the achievement of the technical result and the formation of a spherical shell of five sectors, and sectors of four fragments, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are connected by hinges in a parallelogram, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

To explain the technical essence of the proposed invention, consider the drawings:

fig. 1 - a fragment of a flat lattice;

fig. 2 - spatial six-link mechanism;

fig. 3 - sector of a spherical shell;

fig. 4 - sector of a spherical shell;

fig. 5 - spherical shell;

fig. 6 - spherical shell

The attached drawings indicate:

1 - a fragment of a flat lattice;

2 - spatial six-link mechanism;

3 - hinge;

4 - hinge;

5 - rod element;

6 - hinge;

7 - sector of a spherical shell, consisting of two fragments of a flat lattice;

8 - sector of a spherical shell, consisting of four fragments of a flat lattice;

9 - spherical shell;

10 - pentagon;

11 - octagon;

12- spherical shell;

13 - hexagon;

14 is a pentagon.

FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a flat lattice 1, which consists of three spatial six-link mechanisms 2 connected in a triangle by hinges 3. Hinges 4 are located at the vertices of the triangle. The hinge axes 4 are perpendicular to the lattice plane, and the hinge axes 3 are located in the lattice plane.

The spatial six-link mechanism 2 shown in FIG. 2, consists of six rod elements 5, connected by six hinges 6 in a triangle, while the rod elements 5 are links of the spatial six-link mechanism 2, the longitudinal axes of the rod elements 5 adjacent to the hinge are perpendicular to the axes of these hinges and are made with the possibility of intersection with them , and the hinge axes of the rod elements 5 are rotated at an angle of 90 °.

FIG. 3 shows a sector of a spherical shell 7 in a transformed form. The sector of the spherical shell 7 consists of two fragments of a flat lattice 1, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are connected by hinges 4 in a rhombus, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

FIG. 4 shows a sector of a spherical shell 8 in a transformed form. The sector of the spherical shell 8 consists of four fragments of a flat lattice 1, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are connected by hinges 4 in a parallelogram, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

The transformation of the sectors of the spherical shell 7 and 8 is carried out as follows. Rod elements 5 are laid out on a plane, six-link spatial mechanisms 2 are assembled, for this the ends of the rod elements 5 are connected in hinges 6, fragments of a flat lattice 1 are assembled, for this six-link spatial mechanisms 2 are connected in hinges 3, sectors of a spherical shell 7 (or 8) are assembled into rhombus (or parallelogram) for this, fragments of a flat lattice 1 are connected in hinges 4. The resulting sector of a spherical shell 7 (or 8) is an assembly consisting of six (or twelve) spatial six-link mechanisms 2. Rotation of at least one rod element 5 six-link the spatial mechanism 2 in the hinge 6 transforms the fragments of the flat lattice 1 into the shape of a spherical surface of revolution.

By connecting four sectors, which, in turn, are formed of two fragments, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are hinged in a rhombus, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

The connection of the spherical shell 7 in the hinges 4 forms a closed spherical shell 9, shown in FIG. 5. The spherical shell 9 is inscribed in a polyhedron consisting of 24 pentagons 10 and six octagons 11.

By connecting five sectors, which, in turn, are formed of four fragments, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms, which are hinged in a parallelogram, with the possibility of fixing in the design closed position.

The connection of the spherical shell 8 in the hinges 4 forms a closed spherical shell 12, shown in FIG. 6. The spherical shell 12 is inscribed in a polyhedron consisting of 30 hexagons 13 and 12 pentagons 14.

In terms of their technical and economic advantages in comparison with the known analogs, the presented variants of the spherical shell 8 and 9 show the possibility of creating a simple spherical shell capable of transforming from a flat view into the shape of a closed spherical surface of revolution by simplifying the design of a spherical shell, which does not require the operation of its fixation in design position at a height and ensuring maximum strength, stability and viability of the structure, by expanding the functionality of its transformation from a flat view into a closed spherical shape.

Claims (1)

A spherical shell, consisting of rod elements and hinges, forming a flat lattice with the possibility of transforming it into the shape of a spherical surface of revolution, in which a flat lattice is formed from fragments, a fragment consists of three spatial six-link mechanisms connected by hinges to form an equilateral triangle in the form of a lattice with triangular cells , and the rod elements are made of the same length and are links of spatial six-link mechanisms, characterized in that the spherical shell is formed of five sectors, which in turn are formed of four fragments consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms and are connected by hinges in a parallelogram with the possibility of fixing into the design a closed position, or a spherical shell is formed of four sectors, which in turn are formed of two fragments, consisting of three spatial six-link mechanisms and are hinged in a rhombus with the possibility of fixation to the design closed position.

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