RU2727213C1 - Power drive based on of aircraft gas turbine plant (agtp) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: power drive based on aircraft gas turbine plant includes at least three, aircraft double-flow engines, inlet air and outlet gas devices corresponding to number of objects of installed load (for example, number of main pipes), low-stage cascade turbine of each full gas expansion engine through exhaust pipe final section, backup engines and steam turbines, connected through reduction gears or free turbines with shafts of load objects, characterized by that low-pressure stages of AGTP, are connected by shafts on both sides in form of polygon with odd number of sides, which is by one more than twice larger number of objects of installed load, in tops of which there are conical reduction gears, which on outer sides are connected to shafts of load objects, and on inner side to one of bevel gearboxes there connected is redundant AGTP, gas outputs of all AGTP are combined, and output device is located in centre, connection shafts in front of AGTP are equipped with cardan joints, in front and behind couplings of disconnection/switching on units at rated rpm of AGTP, wherein some turbo-units can be equipped with movable starters.EFFECT: proposed scheme for dispersing power-boosted unified turbine units and other devices on several tiers is high-efficient and self-sufficient (for uninterrupted continuous operation), at that, it will make it possible to combine equipment for solutions of different purposes and to increase power by simpler methods, especially in comparison with using parametric rows of complex drives at power plants.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The field of application of the proposed devices can be gas pumping stations (GPS) of main pipelines, including gas pumping units (GCU) and city power plants.

Known GPUs in the composition of the GPS, consisting of gas turbine units (GTU) and gas (main) compressors of natural gas (CNG). Also, HPS contain systems for supplying air, exhausting hot gas, and also include operating and spare power units (GPA - gas pumping units). The GTUs themselves have, in most cases, an efficiency of the order of 27-33%. Despite the fact that one of the main requirements for drives of this kind is unification, reliability and a long service life, such limited efficiency clearly lags behind the current level of stationary gas turbines achieved. The latter is associated with relatively low temperatures in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine unit (1000–1200 K), which basically determines all the other weak parameters of the cycle. Five single-storey buildings and, accordingly, five separate systems for air supply, hot gas exhaust, two of them for installing spare (preventive and emergency) power units (GPU), coming to one main pipe, make the GPS cumbersome and expensive, not using the experience of stationary two long-tiered stationary turbocompressor technology. At the same time, the main problem of reducing the cost of gas pumping is not solved - a significant increase in the consumption of one main pipe, which requires drives based on new (currently absent) larger aircraft engines. Due to the rigid coupling of the turbocompressor units, restrictions are imposed on the maximum power of the CNG, their maintenance becomes more difficult and the optimization of the efficiency in terms of the revolutions of each of the mentioned turbine units is lost. In addition, such a structure of the FMS is difficult to use for large power plants.

Various waste-heat boilers (HU) are known for exhaust gas heat from a gas turbine, including for the production of electricity. Also known are waste-heat boilers with additional heating of exhaust gases behind the gas turbine in order to increase the power of the boiler plant [Tsanev SV, Burov V.D., Remezov A.N. Gas turbine and combined cycle plants of thermal power plants. M .: Publishing house of MEI. 2002.584 s.].

A close technical solution to the claimed technical essence is a gas compressor station (GPS), which is described in http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/21/page08.html. "A promising gas turbine drive for gas compressor stations", including gas turbine units connected along the shaft with gas compressors and connected by the hot gas exhaust to waste heat boilers, including afterburner chambers and steam turbines, steam turbines drive an electric generator.

The disadvantage of this solution is that in most cases the GPS are located far (hundreds, sometimes thousands of kilometers) from the main high-voltage transmission lines (taiga, desert sparsely populated areas, etc.). As a rule, the received energy can be used only for own needs, but it turns out that the resources of energy saving significantly exceed the resources of possible own energy consumption. As a result, large losses of fuel consumption, going for pumping to the gas pumping station, significantly lead to high energy consumption, and hence to a decrease in the efficiency of the gas pumping station.

The power drive, taken as a prototype of the proposed device (patent No. 2467189, IPC F02C 6/18, publ. 20.11.2012, bul. No. 32), includes a number of blocks, each of which contains a working and standby gas compressor units. Gas-pumping units contain gas turbine units, each connected along the shaft with its own gas compressor, and through the hot gas exhaust, connected by a line with a waste-heat boiler, which includes an afterburner and a steam turbine. A third gas compressor is introduced into each block, while the steam turbine of the waste heat boiler of each block is connected along the shaft to every third gas compressor. The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of gas pumping stations and can be used to generate additional profit from the sale of gas.

However, the known HPS equipment is complicated due to the fact that for the steam cycle, with a power ratio of an aviation gas turbine and a steam turbine of 1: 1, it will be necessary to install afterburner chambers, high expansion ratios of a steam turbine, and for the operation of one main pipe, it is also required in comparison with the known three aviation AGTU for one main pipe by forcing 1.5 times their capacity. In this case, the addition of fuel to the steam cycle was carried out without optimizing all equipment and the efficiency of steam cycles. The simultaneous operation of two aviation AGTUs during boiler repair will reduce the high percentage of efficiency to 27% during almost a third of the equipment operation time. There is no inclusion in the installation scheme for emergency emergency equipment of GPS. The high downtime ratio of aviation equipment is due to the fact that there are as many gas turbines in stock as they are in operation.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the complete integration of equipment for generating electrical energy and ensuring the pumping of natural gas through the main pipeline system, more efficient power drives of high power both to increase the production of electrical energy at power plants or the throughput of the entire gas main pipeline system, and significant savings in the costs of electricity produced and the amount of transported natural gas while maintaining the unification of equipment, reducing its cost and commissioning time.

The technical result, which the proposed structures of devices are aimed at, consists in the proposed scheme of dispersing the equipment used within the multi-tiered shop structures containing enlarged input and central output devices, reducing the specific weight of backup equipment and maximizing the adaptation of known samples of aviation technology for functioning as a part of a drive.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a power drive based on an aircraft gas turbine plant containing at least three aircraft bypass engines, air inlet and outlet gas devices corresponding to the number of objects of the installed load (for example, the number of main pipes), a low cascade turbine pressure of each engine of full gas expansion along the last section of the outlet from the exhaust pipe, standby engines and steam turbines connected through gearboxes or free turbines with the shafts of the load objects, it is new that the low-pressure cascades of the AGTP are connected by shafts on both sides in the form of a polygon with an odd number of sides, which is one more than twice as many objects of the installed load, at the vertices of which there are bevel gearboxes, which are connected to the outer sides with the shafts of the load objects, and on the inner side to one of the bevel gearboxes a reserve AGTP is connected, the gas outlets of all AGTU are combined, and the output device is located in the center, the connecting shafts in front of the AGTU are equipped with cardan joints, in front and behind the disconnect / enable clutches of the units at the nominal RPM of the AGTP, and some turbine units can be equipped with mobile starters.

The power drive equipment is located on no more than three tiers, on the first tier there is a pipeline system and heat exchangers, on the last tier after the inlet devices along the overhead line, dual-circuit engines AGTUv are installed, one for every two AGTU polygons of the penultimate tier plus two reserve ones provided in front with additional fans, in the inlet air channel of the exit from the additional fan and the inlet of the double-circuit motors of the AGTU, in the last tier there are double-joint gearboxes that are connected from above with the shafts of the axial fans, and from the bottom by the shafts of large bevel gears of the bevel gearboxes of the penultimate polygon polygon, the outlets of the air flows of the fan circuits of the AGTP the receiver is connected to the entrances to the AGTU of the polygon of the penultimate tier, the AGTU contains the body and all units of the internal circuit of the AGTU in, the air inlet of the body is connected to the inlet of the internal circuit by a confuser scarlet.

On the inner side, bevel gearboxes are connected to the shafts of steam turbines (SG), in total - one for each object of the installed load plus two standby ones, steam turbines are connected by steam-gas lines with their upper and lower blocks of heat exchangers located in the center of the polygon, tanks, pumps, etc. other known devices of the steam cycle on the secondary heat from the exhaust lines of the gas generator circuits of the two-circuit engines of the upper and lower tiers, which are connected by rocker dampers with the inlet chamber of the heat exchanger blocks and with the lower opening of the central vertical atmospheric channel of the outlet device, the outlets of the fan circuits are equipped with dampers, and through the rocker dampers additionally connected with the lower opening of the central vertical atmospheric channel of the outlet device.

A heat exchanger with atmospheric coolant is installed at the inlet of each ATPU.

The diagram of the proposed power drive based on AGTU is shown in the figures.

FIG. 1 shows the machine room of the second tier with centrifugal compressors and with the main part of their drives.

FIG. 2 shows the turbine room of the third tier with a part of the drives for centrifugal compressors of the second tier.

FIG. 3 shows the exhaust system with heat exchangers for secondary heat of all drives of centrifugal compressors.

FIG. 4 shows a diagram of natural gas pipelines interacting with centrifugal compressors and main gas pipelines.

FIG. 5 shows the drives of the second and third tiers for the drive of each one or two centrifugal compressors.

The installation is located on three tiers of workshop 1,2.3. In the version of the city power plant on the middle tier 2, the same twin-shaft AGTU 5 are dispersed along the sides of the polygon 4, the last stages of turbines 6 of which are additionally connected by shafts 6, 7 with each other, in the corners of the polygon there are identical bevel gears 8. Two identical large bevel gears 9 of each gearbox each interact with its own gears of shafts from the turbines 10 of the last cascade of AGTU, on the outside with the gear of the load shaft 11 (electric generators) and on the inner side with the shafts of the gears 12 of steam turbines 13 or the backup (emergency) AGTU 14. At the entrance of each AGTU, vertical air ducts are installed 15, connected with a toroidal gas collector 16 mounted on the ceiling, and the exhaust pipes of the AGTU are connected through flaps 17 to a combining chamber 18, equipped with curtains from the top 19, with the same unified heat exchange blocks of the steam circuits TBPK 20 and a central channel 21 formed by the tight contact of their inner x walls. The latter circumstance will remain for any other number of TBPCs (the number equal without one to the number of sides of the polygon, divided by two with the addition of one or two reserve ones). TBPK 20 are integrated into a central exhaust system 22. At the bottom of each TBPK there is a condensate tank 23 connected by hydraulic pipes through a pump 24 with atmospheric condensate coolers and through a second high-pressure pump 25 with an inlet to the lower main heat exchanger of the steam loop. One TBPK for each object of the installed load (for example, the equivalent capacity of natural gas compressors per one main pipe of the GPS). On the upper tier 3, the same unified TBPK 26 of the third tier and AGTUv 27 can be dispersed (a full-size bypass engine with a turbine of full expansion to the atmosphere, one for two AGTU 14 of tier 2 or for one main pipe), at the entrance to which through additional fans 28 are installed inlet filtering devices 29. Outlet pipes of the fan circuit (AGTUv) 30 contain control valves 31 for switching on (off) these devices into operation on a toroidal gas collector 16 or on exhaust pipes 32. Exhaust of hot gases AGTUv is connected through flap dampers 33 with TBPK 26 and the central channel 34. AGTU 14 is a copy of AGTU 27 with the fan and the confuser inlet removed.

The scheme of the proposed power drive based on the AGTU in the ASG version is located on three tiers 1,2.3. On the first tier 1, there are pipes for the interaction of CNG CNG with bypass and intermediate pipes coming and going from the CNG and main pipelines 35. End heat exchangers of CNG (not shown in the figure) may be located outside the compressor shop. The second and third tiers contain the aforementioned equipment, which may not contain steam circuit units. FIG. 4 is a side view of tier 1, 2, 3 devices. FIG. 5 shows a simplified structure of AGTU 14 and AGTUv 27. The latter consists of a fan 36 operating on two circuits 37, a high pressure compressor (HPC) 38, a combustion chamber 39, a high pressure turbine (HPT) 40 and the last cascade (full expansion turbine 6) ... Accordingly, AGTU 14 includes the aforementioned units, in addition to the fan 36 of the AGTUv engine. The AGTUv 41 fan shaft is connected from the front through the gearbox 42 (Fig. 4) with the vertical shaft of the additional fan 28 and the large pinion of the bevel gear 10. Confusers 43 are installed at the entrance to the engines of the AGTU 14.

The proposed GPS works as follows. Atmospheric air passes through the inlet filtering device 29 and, after increasing the pressure in the additional fan 27, enters the inlet of the AGTUv 27. Inside the latter, the air flow is bifurcated: one third of the air flow enters the inner loop of each AGTUv, which, after the work is done, is exhausted from it and at the end of the path gets into the upper mixing compartment and the upper steam loop of TBPKv 26, the other two parts of the AGTUv pressurized in the engine fan are fed through the toroidal gas collector 16 and, after mixing in it with similar flows of other AGTUv 27, enter through vertical channels into two AGTU 14 of the second tier, in each of which on the last stages of their turbines 6 (similar to the last stages of turbines AGTUv 27), work is performed, which are transferred through the bevel gearboxes to the load shafts 11 (generators of electricity or CNG). Exhaust gases from the ATPU are fed through the lower mixing compartment to the lower TBPK 20. Further below, as well as above, depending on the position of the shutters 19, the gas flow moving to the top in one of the TBNK 20 heat exchangers after heat transfer to the vapor agent is cooled to almost the ambient temperature and emitted in atmosphere. The operating time of one cycle of waiting for preventive work, for example, AGTU 14 of the second tier of equipment, is divided by the number of permanently operating AGTUs plus one that will stop one after another to carry out preventive work. After the completion of this operation, the AGTU does not turn on immediately, but waits for the moment of switching off the next AGTU 14. The resource of all AGTUs is the same while ensuring continuous long-term operation. The HPS functions when the total consumption of natural gas changes (the corresponding positions of the ASTU butterfly valves are set) and the number of parallel main pipelines changes. When stopping for maintenance and minor repairs of one AGTU 14, the power to the load object (generator or CNG) is supplied through the bevel gearbox 8 from the other side. When the number of parallel main pipelines is changed, some pair of AGTPs will close the fuel supply, stopping their high-pressure cascades, but the transmission of power from other AGTPs through their low-pressure cascades can be carried out despite some energy losses. Splined couplings will allow stopping (turning on when the revolutions are equal) any object at the minimum power mode while continuing the effective operation of the entire polygon (installation). Flap dampers 17,31,33 will allow the known methods AGTU 14 and AGTUv 27 to start at idle modes and gradually enter the operating modes. Splined couplings will allow stopping (turning on when the revolutions are equal) any object of the polygon while continuing the efficient operation of the entire installation.

The height of the blades of the 36 AGTUv axial fan can be adjusted (cut along the streamline) to maintain the reduced flow rate in front of the internal circuits of the corresponding motors of the lower tier according to the pressure parameters behind the fan and the temperature corresponding to this pressure. In this case, all internal identical circuits of the three engines of the engines considered above will operate in the same way and under the same conditions. The power delivered by the CNG is equal to three times the power of each engine. The same forcing of the power of these engines can be provided by an additional fan 28 installed on the shaft of the low-pressure cascade AGTUv, which can be adjusted based on the value of the pressure provided by it according to the parameters of the constant flow rate of the AGTUv engine similar to that described above. As the finishing work is carried out to increase the temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber of engines and to improve the hot low-speed turbines of the high-pressure cascade of the first generations of aircraft engines, the selected initial additional fan 28 (after appropriate correction of the blade height) can be further revolved in order to increase the pressure increase. The degree of pressure increase of the compressor AGTUv (AGTU), taking into account the additional fan, can be greater than the latest generation of turbofan engines due to the fact that it is more simply obtained in a composite compressor from three components of small and medium pressure increase, and the thermodynamic efficiency is more than 45%. That is, taking into account the increased consumption, each 16 MW engine can deliver more than 40 MW of power and save a lot of fuel. In addition, an additional fan can be used to adjust the output power in intervals less than the power of the object of constant load.

Thus, the proposed HPS in the version without complicating the equipment with a steam-water circuit are composite compressors, low-speed, more massive and therefore resourceful AGTU based on the well-known first generations of IM with high flow rates of internal circuits and a small degree of bypass (m = 2, drive power of about 16 MW) additionally allow to increase the flow rate and the important parameters of the cycle - pressure and temperature at the outlet of the combustion chambers without forcing the speed. With the appropriate refinement of some units (impellers of the first turbine impeller, etc.), the power of the power drive can more than double, and its efficiency is higher than the level of the latest generations of turbofan engines. The proposed power plant in the version of a gas pumping station will significantly increase the consumption of CNG and save the amount of natural gas delivered with a minimum number of all turbine units at one station. At the same time, the unification of the AGTU, fans, CNG, gears and bearings of reducers for any multiple number of objects with the installed load (the number of main pipelines) will be ensured. The reduction of the relative number of reserve AGTP and CNG (and the enlargement of the latter), as well as the ease of operation in comparison with the well-known GPS, is achieved by the independent functioning of the second tier AGTP from the third, from the CNG and SG with stops of the latter and AGTU separately for conducting preventive inspection ( repair). The possibility of enlarging CNG and combining all expensive bulky devices - outlet gas and inlet air - is realized. In contrast to the prototype and analogs, the power plant operates under conditions when the free capacities of the upper ATPU, SG and steam turbines (for large urban power plants) are not the same with the free capacities of the ATPU of the second tier, since the shafts of the latter are interconnected through bevel gearboxes.

For example, if the productivity of natural gas doubles, the production and delivery of liquefied natural gas will have to be doubled - the liquefied gas plant and the number of tankers for transportation. The FPS option will require an increase in the costs of FPS equipment only, while the main costs of the unchanged main pipeline system will remain constant. The competitiveness of gas pipelines will increase.

In the version of a power plant with a steam-water circuit and urban heating networks, the proposed power plant is self-sufficient and can do without high-voltage power supply poles, and when stopped for repairs, it will not require participation in the supply of electricity to neighboring stations. The method of increasing the amount of produced energy on the proposed unified equipment will free the use of parametric series of complex equipment and will allow obtaining any maximum value of the number of mW of the power drive in a simpler way using one type of aircraft engine.

The proposed scheme for dispersing the unified turbine units and other devices forced by the proposed method on several tiers is highly efficient and self-sufficient (for continuous long-term operation), while it will allow combining equipment for solving different purposes and increasing capacity in simpler ways, especially in comparison with the use of parametric series of complex drives in power plants.

Claims (4)

1. A power drive based on an aircraft gas turbine plant (AGTU), containing at least three aircraft bypass engines, air inlet and outlet gas devices corresponding to the number of objects of the installed load, for example, the number of main pipes, the turbine of the low pressure cascade of each engine full expansion of gas along the last section of the outlet from the exhaust pipe, standby engines and steam turbines connected through gearboxes or free turbines with the shafts of load objects, characterized in that the low-pressure cascades of the AGTP are connected by shafts on both sides in the form of a polygon with an odd number of sides, which one more twice as many objects of the installed load, at the vertices of which there are bevel gearboxes, which are connected to the outer sides with the shafts of the load objects, and on the inner side to one of the bevel gearboxes a reserve AGTU is connected, the gas outlets of all AGTUs are combined, and the output device p Located in the center, the connecting shafts in the front of the AGTP are equipped with cardan joints, in the front and behind the disconnect / enable clutches of the units at the rated speed of the AGTP, and some turbine units can be equipped with mobile starters. 2. The power drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the power drive equipment is located on no more than three tiers, on the first tier there is a pipeline system and heat exchangers, on the last tier after the inlet devices along the overhead line, two-circuit AGTUv engines are installed, one per every two AGTU polygons of the penultimate tier plus two reserve ones, equipped in front with additional fans, in the inlet air duct of the exit from the additional fan and the inlet of the double-circuit motors of the AGTU, in the last tier there are double-joint gearboxes that are connected from above to the shafts of axial fans, and from below by the shafts of large bevel gears of bevel gearboxes polygon of the penultimate tier, the air flow outputs of the fan circuits of the AGTUv through the toroidal receiver are connected to the inputs to the AGTU of the polygon of the penultimate tier, the AGTU contains the body and all units of the internal circuit of the AGTUv, the air inlet of the case is connected with the entrance of the inner contour by the confuser channel. 3. Power drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts of steam turbines (SG) are connected to the inner side of the bevel gearboxes, in total - one for each object of the installed load plus two standby ones, steam turbines are connected along the steam-gas lines with their located in the center of the polygon by the upper and lower blocks of heat exchangers, tanks, pumps and other known steam cycle devices on the secondary heat from the exhaust lines of the gas generator circuits of the two-circuit engines of the upper and lower tiers, which are connected by flap dampers with the inlet chamber of the heat exchanger blocks and with the lower opening of the central vertical atmospheric channel of the outlet device, the outputs of the fan circuits are equipped with dampers, and through the flap dampers they are additionally connected to the lower opening of the central vertical atmospheric channel of the outlet device. 4. Power drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a heat exchanger on an atmospheric coolant is installed at the inlet of each AGTP.

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