RU2726471C1 - Device for separation of structural elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aerospace engineering, particularly, to devices for separation of structural elements. Device for separation of structural elements comprises pyrobolts, bolts and split nuts arranged in races, and ring rigidly connecting races between each other. Ring is fixed on the first separable element of the structure. Nuts side surface is made in the form of truncated cone with angle α between its generatrix and base. Nuts with larger base are installed on gasket located between first separated element of structure and nuts, with possibility of nut movement in axial direction. On the second separable element of the structure, elements for limiting movement of the nut case relative to the gasket in the axial direction are rigidly fixed through the spacer.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rocket and space technology and can be used in other sectors of the national economy, where it is necessary to connect and then separate structures at short intervals, remotely and with high reliability (dumping ballast cargo, opening hatches and covers, etc.).

Known device for separating structural elements (RU 2481245 C1, IPC: B64G 1/00 (2006.1), publ. 05/10/2013), containing detonating elongated charges with an explosive. This technical solution is not suitable for separating structural elements with a large separation perimeter, because involves the use of a large amount of explosive, which leads, when the device is triggered, to large shock overloads and, as a consequence, is the cause of damage to the surrounding structures of the separated element.

Known device for separating structural elements, taken as a prototype (RU 2092395 C1, IPC: B64D 25/00 (1995/01), publ. 10.10.1997), containing pyrobolts and bolts, pulling together two structural elements through split nuts placed in the cages , in which the inner holes are made corresponding to the outer surfaces of the nuts, rigidly connected to each other by a ring of screws with shear heads fixed on one of the structural elements.

This technical solution has a high separation reliability. However, the disadvantage of such a device is the formation of uncontrollably flying fragments when the device is triggered and, accordingly, damage to the surrounding structures of the separated element. Also, another drawback is the need for a lot of effort to reliably remove the cage from the nuts, because it is required to move the cage to the height of the nuts in the axial direction.

The objective of the proposed invention is to provide a device for separating structural elements, eliminating the possibility of damage to the surrounding structures of the separable element and allowing to reduce the effort to remove the cage from the nuts.

The technical result achieved with the use of the invention consists in eliminating the formation of unorganized flying parts of the split nuts, reducing the energy to shift the clips and, as a consequence, eliminating damage to the surrounding structures of the element being divided.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for separating structural elements containing pyrobolts, bolts and split nuts placed in the clips, in which the inner holes corresponding to the outer surfaces of the nuts are made, a ring rigidly connecting the clips to each other, and fixed on the first separable structural element, the lateral surface of the nuts is made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle α between its generatrix and the base, while the nuts with a large base are installed on a gasket located between the first separable structural element and the nuts, with the ability to move the nut in the axial direction, and on the second separable elements of the structure through the gasket, the elements for limiting the movement of the nut holder relative to the gasket in the axial direction at a distance L are fixedly fixed, while the following relations are observed:

L <H; S> h; tg α = L / S, where:

L is the vertical distance by which it is necessary to raise the clip to release the pyrobolt from the nut;

H - nut height;

S is the horizontal distance by which it is necessary to move the clip to release the pyrobolt from the nut;

h is the height of the profile of the tooth of the nut.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in fig. 1 shows a general view of the device;

in fig. 2 shows a view A of the device;

in fig. 3 shows the device in section BB;

in fig. 4 shows the device in section B-B;

in fig. 5 shows a nut in section Г-Г;

in fig. 6 shows the profile of the tooth of the nut.

The device for separating structural elements contains pyrobolts 1 and bolts 2, tightening the first and second separable structural elements 3 and 4, respectively, through split nuts 5. Split nuts 5 are placed in clips 6, in which internal holes are made corresponding to the outer surfaces of nuts 5 (Fig. . 1). The clips 6 are rigidly connected to each other by a ring 7 (Fig. 2). The ring 7 is fixed on the first separable structural element 3 by shear head screws 8 (Fig. 3). The side surface of the split nuts 5 is made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle α between its generatrix and the base (Fig. 5), while the nuts 5 with a large base are installed on the gasket 9. The gasket 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4), for example metal, with holes for fire bolts 1 and bolts 2, installed between the first separable structural element 3 and split nuts 5, with the ability to move the nut 5 in the axial direction. In this case, on the second separable structural element 4 through the gasket 9, elements for limiting the movement of the cage 6 of the nut 5 are fixedly fixed, for example, the stoppers 10 relative to the gasket 9 in the axial direction at a distance L, while the following relations are fulfilled:

L <H; S> h; tg α = L / S, where:

L is the vertical distance by which it is necessary to raise the clip to release the bolt from the nut;

H - nut height;

S is the horizontal distance by which it is necessary to move the clip to free the fire bolt from the nut (to destroy the connection between the fire bolt and the split nut);

h is the height of the profile of the tooth of the nut.

The device works as follows. In the initial state, the device connects the separable structural elements 3 and 4. When the actuation current is applied, the explosive bolts 1 are triggered, separate themselves and, due to their impulse, the consequences move the ring 7 in the axial direction, cutting off the screw heads 8. The ring 7 carries with it the clips 6, which come off the split nuts 5 screwed on the fire bolts 1 and bolts 2. The split nuts 5 fall apart, releasing all the fire bolts 1 and bolts 2, and the separated structural elements 3 and 4 diverge. The first separable structural element 3, after being separated from the second separable structural element 4 by a distance L (movement of the cage 6 of the nut 5, relative to the gasket 9 in the axial direction) collides with the stoppers 10. And since the distance L is less than the height H of the nuts 5, the nuts 5 remain in the cavity formed between the structural element 3 and the gasket 9. Thus, uncontrolled scattering of the parts of the split nuts 5 is prevented.

Since the side surface of the split nuts 5 is made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle α between the generatrix and the base, in order to disengage the nuts 5, it is required to move the cage 6 from the nuts 5 to a distance L <H, while the inequality S> h must be satisfied. Much less energy is required to move the cage 6 due to the taper of the nuts 5. Only in the case when the conditions L <H, S> h are met, with tg α = L / S, will there be a possibility of divergence of the parts of the nuts and their departure from the separated structural element will be prevented.

Claims (6)

A device for separating structural elements, containing pyrobolts, bolts and split nuts placed in the casings, in which the inner holes corresponding to the outer surfaces of the nuts are made, a ring rigidly connecting the casings to each other and fixed on the first separable structural element, characterized in that the side surface the nuts are made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle α between its generatrix and the base, while the nuts with a large base are installed on a gasket located between the first separable structural element and the nuts, with the possibility of moving the nut in the axial direction, and on the second separable structural element through the gasket elements of limiting the movement of the nut cage relative to the gasket in the axial direction at a distance L are fixed, while the following relations are observed: L <H; S> h; tg α = L / S, where: L is the vertical distance by which it is necessary to raise the clip to release the bolt from the nut; H - nut height; S is the horizontal distance by which it is necessary to move the clip to free the bolt from the nut; h is the height of the thread profile.

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