RU2726149C1 - Device for determination of energy losses in power technological processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electric power industry, namely to information and measuring equipment, and can be used for determination of energy losses in power technological processes. Technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for determining energy losses in an energy technological process comprises an analysed object with a meter, a power supply with measurement equipment, a control panel, a computing unit, a display, a power supply output is connected through an energy meter and an energy processing process unit to the energy effect result meter unit input, the energy meter second input to the first input of the computing unit, output of energy effect result meter unit is connected to second input of computing unit, output of which is connected to input of display, and input-output of computing unit is connected to input-output of control panel, which output is connected to input of power supply source.EFFECT: simplifying the design when obtaining operational information on energy losses based on two measured parameters of the energy-technological process of obtaining the result of energy action.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry, namely to information-measuring equipment and can be used to determine energy losses in energy technological processes.

The well-known laboratory complex LKT-9 (Kosyanov P.M. Laboratory workshop on the general course of physics. Guidelines for laboratory work. - Nizhnevartovsk: Publishing House of the Nizhnevartovsk State Humanitarian University, 2008. - P. 73) consisting of: electric kettle, voltmeter, manometer, stopwatch and multimeter. LKT-9 is intended for laboratory work to determine the power and efficiency of the heater. The main element of the complex is an electric kettle used as a water bath, heater and calorimeter. The kettle is constantly connected to an electrical outlet inside the control panel, which is connected to the power cable through two 10 A fuses. The control panel of the installation allows you to measure the network voltage with a voltmeter, the pressure in the test volume with a manometer, time intervals with a stopwatch, temperature, heater resistance and other parameters with a multimeter.

The disadvantages of this complex include: low measurement accuracy due to manual control and the human factor, the inability to automatically register, calculate and archive the parameters of the technological process of heating the liquid, as well as to determine the energy loss in power equipment.

A device is known for diagnosing a system of on-off temperature control of an electric furnace (US Pat. RF No. 106007, G 05 D 27/00). A device for diagnosing a system of on-off temperature control of an electric furnace with a heat electric heater and on-off temperature control having a thermal insulation layer, an electric heater (TEN), a contact of a thermal relay, a laboratory autotransformer is installed that provides a change in the voltage supplied to the TEN; THC thermocouple installed inside the electric furnace, which is connected to a PC via an analog-to-digital converter; calibration curve that allows the measured voltage to be converted to temperature; thermostatic device of the free ends of the thermocouple; voltmeter and ammeter for measuring voltage and current of the heater.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. The inability to register and archive the energy parameters of the equipment (voltage, current, liquid temperature, etc.) for a representative time interval, which excludes further energy analysis based on these data;

2. The inability to compare the measured and calculated process parameters with archived passport data and the results of previous energy studies, which does not allow to detect energy losses in the equipment under study.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention can be attributed to a device for monitoring energy efficiency indicators of the process of heating a liquid (US Pat. RF No. 156085, Н05В 1/02; G05D 23/00).

A device for monitoring energy-efficiency indicators of a liquid heating process that contains a test object with thermal insulation with a temperature meter inside it, and an electric heater, to which a power source with measuring equipment is connected, the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter are connected to an ambient temperature sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a liquid temperature sensor and with the first output of the control panel, and the outputs of the analog-to-digital converter are connected both to the first input of the computing unit and to the first input of the memory unit, the first input-output of which is connected to the interface device, the second input-output to the computing unit, and a third input-output with an alarm unit, and the output of the memory unit is connected to the first input of the display, the second input of which is connected to the output of the alarm unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the computing unit, and the second input with the second output of the control panel, the third output which is connected to the input of the memory unit, and the fourth output is connected to the input of the computing unit.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. The complexity of the design, measurement and calculation of energy efficiency indicators for heating the liquid.

2. Requires the connection of various sensors in the electric circuit of the water heater, which must be consistent with the limits of the measured value.

3. The inability to directly obtain the value of energy loss.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the device when receiving operational information about energy losses by two measured parameters of the energy-technological process of obtaining the result of the action of energy.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for determining energy losses in the energy technology process, containing the test object with a meter, a power source with measuring equipment, a control panel, a computing unit, a display, the output of the power source is connected through an energy meter and an energy-technological process unit with an input unit measuring the result of the energy action, the second output of the energy meter with the first input of the computing unit, the output of the unit of the measuring result of the energy action is connected to the second input of the computing unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the display, and the input-output of the computing unit is connected to the input-output of the control panel, the output of which is connected to the input of the power source.

New significant features:

1. The output of the power source is connected through an energy meter and an energy-technological process unit to the input of the meter unit of the result of the action of energy.

2. The second output of the energy meter is connected to the first input of the computing unit.

3. The output of the meter unit of the result of the action of energy is connected to the second input of the computing unit.

4. The output of the computing unit is connected to the input of the display.

5. The input-output of the computing unit is connected to the input-output of the control panel I.

6. The output of the control panel is connected to the input of the power source.

The listed essential features, together with the known ones, are necessary and sufficient in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection applies.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the device for determining energy losses in energy technological processes. This device allows you to obtain real-time information on energy losses by two measured parameters of the energy-technological process of obtaining the result of the action of energy.

The device allows you to perform all measurements with non-destructive testing, that is, without interference with the scheme of the energy process and the technology of obtaining the result of the action of energy.

The figure schematically shows a device for determining energy loss

in energy technology processes.

The device consists of the following elements: power source 1, energy meter 2, which is designed to measure the energy consumed (measures the integrated value of the energy consumed). For example, to measure electric energy as an energy meter 2, an electronic electric energy meter can be used, to measure energy when using natural gas - a gas meter, mechanical energy - a mechanical energy meter.

The output of the power source 1 is connected to the input of the energy meter 2. The first output of the energy meter 2 is connected to the input of the energy-technological process unit (BETP) 3. The output of the energy-technological process unit (BETP) 3 is connected to the input of the meter unit of the energy action result 4.

The second output of the energy meter 2 is connected to the first input of the computing unit 5. The output of the meter unit of the result of the energy action 4 is connected to the second input of the computing unit 5. The computing unit 5 is designed to store the measurement results received from the energy meter 2 and the meter unit of the result of the action of energy 4 and for the necessary calculations. The input-output of the control panel 6 is connected to the input-output of the computing unit 5. The control panel 6 is designed to enter initial information for calculating the required amount of energy (theoretically minimum amount of energy) to achieve the result of the action of energy R and control the power source 1 (to turn on and off ) The output of the control panel 6 is connected to the input of the power source 1. The output of the computing unit 5 is connected to the display 7. The display 7 is designed to visualize the results of the calculation and display the magnitude of the energy loss in BETP 3.

The result of the action of energy R, depending on the type of BETP 3 can be: the value of increasing the water temperature from the initial ° t _start to the final set temperature ° t _{to the} heated water, the volume of water W when: pumping it to a height N and the quantity of released product, measured in pieces, tons, liters, etc. in relevant energy technology processes. Device for determining energy loss in energy technology | processes works as follows.

Before measuring energy losses from the control panel 6, the initial information is entered, depending on the purpose of the BETP 3 and the achieved result: the action of energy R.

I Example No. 1 - energy-technological process of heating water in a water heater.

! The following parameters are entered from control panel 6:

- water mass m (kg),

- initial water temperature ° t at _start (° C),

- final set water temperature ° t _kon (° C),

- heat capacity of water s (J / kg * ° C),

- rated power of the heating element R _nom (kW).

The result of the energy R of the energy-technological process of heating water is to increase the water temperature from the initial ° t _start to the final "set temperature ° t _kon :

R = ° t _kon - ° t at _start

The device for determining energy losses is turned on by the control panel 6. At the same time, the time is counted in the computing unit \ 5. Energy meter 2 measures the energy coming from power supply 1 to BETP 3, where the water is heated to the final set water temperature ° t _kon . The unit for measuring the result of the action of energy 4 measures and transmits the actual value of the water temperature to the computing unit 5, where it is compared with the final set water temperature ° t _kon .

According to the data entered from the control panel 6 in the computing unit 5, the theoretical necessary amount of energy for heating Q _teop and the theoretical time for heating water t _{teop are calculated} . The theoretical required amount of energy Q _teop for a given mass of water is determined by the formula:

Q _teop = с⋅m⋅ (° t _kon - ° t on the _start ) = с⋅m⋅R,

The theoretical time t _{teop of} water heating is determined taking into account the rated power P _nom :

t _teop = Q _teop / P _nom .

The measurement results of the energy meter 2 and the meter unit of the result of the action of energy 4 are discretely fed to the inputs of the computing unit 5 and stored. Depending on the characteristics of the process and the required accuracy, the measurement frequency may be different (second, minute, hour).

When the water temperature reaches the final set temperature ° t _kon , using the computing unit 5, the actual time t heating _fact is recorded (the result of the action of energy R is achieved) and the amount of energy consumed is Q _fact . In this case, at the command of the computing unit 5, the control panel 6. turns off the power source 1.

In practice, usually the actual heating time will always be longer than the theoretical heating time due to energy losses:

t _fact = t _teop + Δt.

In the computing unit 5, the time increment Δt between the actual t _fact and the theoretical heating time t _{teop is determined} :

Δt = t _fact -t _teop .

With the known value of the power of the heating element and the calculated value of the time increment Δt, the energy loss ΔQ for the implementation of the energy-technological process of heating water is determined

ΔQ = P _nom ⋅Δt or

ΔQ = Q _fact -Q _teop .

Upon completion of the energy-technological process of water heating, calculations and calculations, the numerical values of energy losses ΔQ and time increment At are visualized on display 7. j Based on the obtained values of actually consumed energy Q _fact , theoretically necessary amount of energy Q _teop and energy loss values in BETP 3 :: you can get the energy loss per unit result, as well as energy efficiency indicators of the energy-technological process of heating water.

Example No. 2. - energy-technological process of lifting water using a pumping unit. The following parameters are entered from control panel 6:

- water volume W (m ³ ),

- lifting height N (m),

- rated power of the electric motor of the pump unit R _nom (kW). When determining the energy loss of an energy-technological process when raising the volume W of water to a height N in computing unit 5, the following are determined:

- the theoretical amount of energy needed to raise the volume of water W to a height H:

Q _teop = 1000⋅W⋅g⋅H.

- the theoretical time t _{teop of} lifting a given amount of water to a height of H is determined:

t _teop = Q _teop / P _nom .

According to the measurement results, the actual time t is determined, the _{fact of} raising the volume of water to a height H, at which the result R (the volume of raised water) is achieved and the actual energy spent is Q _fact .

Typically, the actual time of rising water will always be greater than the theoretical time of rising water.

t _fact = t _teop + Δt.

The increment of the time of the actual and theoretical time of rising water is determined.

Δt = t _fact -t _teop .

The energy losses in the energy process during water rise are determined:

ΔQ = P _nom ⋅Δt or ΔQ = Q _fact -Q _teop .

Upon completion of the energy-technological process of lifting water, calculations and I calculations, the numerical values of energy losses ΔQ and time increment Δt are visualized on display 7.

Based on the obtained values of the actually consumed energy Q _fact , the theoretically necessary amount of energy Q _teop and the energy loss ΔQ in BETP 3, one can obtain the amount of energy loss per unit of result, as well as energy efficiency indicators of the energy-technological process of lifting water using a pump unit.

Thus, according to the measured two parameters (the value of consumed energy at the input of BETP 3 and the result at the output of BETP 3) over time t _fact in any energy-technological process using the proposed device, it is possible to determine the energy loss by the algorithms given in the examples.

From the obtained values of energy losses, it is possible to determine the values of energy losses i per unit of result of energy action, as well as indicators of energy efficiency of the energy process (relative energy intensity, power of energy action).

Claims (1)

A device for determining energy loss in an energy-technological process, comprising a test object with a meter, a power source with measuring equipment, a control panel, a computing unit, a display, characterized in that the output of the power source is connected through an energy meter and an energy-technological process block to the input of the action result meter unit energy, the second output of the energy meter with the first input of the computing unit, the output of the meter unit of the result of the action of energy is connected to the second input of the computing unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the display, and the input-output of the computing unit is connected to the input-output of the control panel, the output of which is connected to power supply input.

Images