RU2724093C1 - Pipeline system for fire extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to firefighting equipment and can be used in industrial and civil facilities with high fire hazard for localization of fires and extinguishing by water or air-and-mechanical foam fires of Class A and B, as well as liquefied combustible hydrocarbon and natural gases in buildings, structures and on open process sites. Pipeline system for fire extinguishing comprises main pipeline with fire extinguishing agent and distribution network with branches and sprinklers, while pipeline used is flexible three-layer pipes, having inner smooth layer made from natural rubber, external fire-resistant layer made of refractory material and reinforced with metal mesh, and a middle frame layer reinforced with a metal mesh, interconnected and with sprinklers by means of fittings, wherein the sprinklers are installed with the help of sleeve clamps fixed along the entire length of the flexible pipes.EFFECT: higher reliability and durability of operation, faster operation and efficiency of fire extinguishing due to guaranteed supply of fire-extinguishing agent to the place of fire extinguishing.12 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment and can be used in industrial and civilian facilities with increased fire hazard for localizing fires and extinguishing fires of class A (solid materials), class B fires (combustible liquids), and liquefied fuels with water or air-mechanical foam. hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG) in buildings, structures and on open technology sites.

Fire extinguishing devices, depending on the composition of the extinguishing agent and the method of its supply to the place of ignition, are divided into: water extinguishing systems; fine fire extinguishing systems; foam extinguishing systems; powder fire extinguishing systems; gas fire extinguishing systems; aerosol fire extinguishing systems. Powder, gas and aerosol fire extinguishing systems are of limited use and are mainly used to extinguish fires in small areas and in sealed rooms or to extinguish fires in server rooms, power plants, and laboratories where aggressive chemicals react violently with water.

The most common fire extinguishing agent for protecting rooms and buildings is water, as it is widely available and has good cooling properties. In addition, water extinguishing systems are the least difficult to install, design and use. In this regard, water fire extinguishing systems, finely sprayed water fire extinguishing systems and foam fire extinguishing systems are most widely used. Water fire extinguishing is a form of water fire extinguishing, with the only difference being that a solution of a foaming agent in water is used in these installations.

The prior art sprinkler fire extinguishing according to patent RU 2424838 C1, which can operate from a pipeline and provide the necessary level of pressure in the network. The composition of the known sprinkler fire extinguishing installation includes a water supply source, a network of main and distribution pipelines with sprinkler heads, additionally contains a main water supply with a filter lowered into the source, which is connected to the main pipe, and a recharge system installed parallel to the main water supply line and including auxiliary water feed line and auxiliary automatic water feeder. The signaling system includes a signaling valve. The main pipeline is connected to a network of distribution pipelines in which sprinkler heads are mounted. Each head is made in the form of a fitting with a through hole and a threaded part passing into the end valve part. The fitting, by means of an axisymmetric bracket, consisting of two vertical volumetric stiffening ribs and two inclined prismatic ribs rigidly connected to them, is rigidly connected to a hollow cylindrical sleeve with an internal thread that interacts with a clamping bolt that presses the glass flask against the locking poppet valve. On the other hand, a spray device in the form of a socket with petals arranged relative to each other with a gap is attached to the sleeve perpendicular to its axis. The poppet valve is located axially symmetrically through the gasket on the side of the fitting opposite the threaded portion. A glass flask with liquid inside is a thermosensitive element that triggers when the temperature rises.

This system has several disadvantages, namely: pipelines and bends are made of steel pipes - with welded and flanged joints, and bends are welded to the main pipes. The use of steel pipes does not meet modern fire safety requirements. The main disadvantage of the steel pipeline is its corrosion, it is a serious and constant threat in the steel pipeline, since rust can restrict or even block the flow of water and significantly reduce the reliability of the fire extinguishing installation. In addition, the elements of pipeline corrosion are the cause of clogging of sprinklers in the automatic fire extinguishing system.

These installations are not durable due to metal corrosion, their service life is usually 5-8 years, in addition, the use of steel makes this system expensive due to the high installation costs and difficulties associated with welding.

The closest taken as a prototype was selected “Pipeline system for fire fighting” according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 74076, 2008 А62С 35/58, patent holder: Gorbatenko DI, containing a piping system with fire extinguishing agent with branches and shut-off valves and ejection devices extinguishing agents. The main pipeline-riser is connected with the fire pipeline and with pipes attached to the riser for wiring in floors and premises, branch pipelines are connected at one end to the pipes, and sprinklers-sprinklers attached to the second ends of the branch pipelines are made of corrugated stainless steel and attached to pipes and sprinklers with threaded connections, and the main pipeline-riser and pipes attached to the riser for wiring in floors and rooms are made of plastic. Of course, plastic pipes are not subject to corrosion, but their main disadvantage is low strength, brittleness, fragility of service. Such pipes are not shockproof, in addition, they do not have the required fire resistance characteristics and do not comply with fire safety requirements.

The technical problem of the claimed solution is to increase the reliability and durability of the work, to increase the speed and efficiency of fire extinguishing, by ensuring the guaranteed supply of extinguishing agent to the place of extinguishing the fire.

The technical problem posed is solved due to the fact that in the known fire extinguishing pipeline system comprising a main pipeline with a fire extinguishing agent and a distribution network with branches and sprinklers, flexible three-layer pipes having an internal smooth layer made of natural rubber and external flame retardant are used as a pipeline a layer made of refractory material and reinforced with a metal mesh and a middle frame layer reinforced with a metal mesh, connected to each other and to the sprinklers by means of fittings, while the sprinklers are installed with the help of locks fixed along the entire length of the flexible pipes. Flexible three-layer pipes are connected with each other and with sprinklers using fittings, crimped with steel tape clamps, and fixed to the supporting structures using pipe clamps mounted on the traverses. And also due to the fact that the external fire-retardant layer is made of refractory rubber and reinforced with two rows of fine-mesh dense-winding metal mesh, and the middle frame layer is made of rubber reinforced with a stainless metal mesh. At the installation site of the sprinkler, a composite sleeve and a fireproof casing can be installed on the pipe, equipped with a coaxial hole in which a sprinkler is installed through the foot or the sprinkler can be connected through the foot with a passage tee, which is installed in the pipe junction using crimp clamps and closed with a fireproof casing, in addition, the sprinkler can be installed through the foot at the end of the pipe using a tee with an inspection plug fixed to the pipeline with crimp clamps. At the joints of the pipelines fireproof housings are installed, made of modified synthetic rubber reinforced with fine-mesh stainless steel mesh and fixed with tape clamps, and at the outlet of each fireproof housing between the pipeline and the casing an annular gasket in the form of a thermally expanding tape is installed. The connecting fittings are made of metal, for example, of a titanium alloy, water and aqueous solutions of a foaming agent are used as a fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing piping system may be equipped with a heating system.

The technical result is achieved through the use of flexible pipes made of three layers and reinforced with a metal mesh as a pipeline. The outer layer of the pipeline is made of refractory material, for example, fire-resistant rubber with special additives, capable of withstanding a fire of oil and oil products. In addition, it is reinforced with two rows of fine-mesh tight-winding metal mesh, which in case of fire ensures uniform temperature distribution over the entire surface of the pipe while maintaining its integrity. The middle frame layer is reinforced with a stainless metal mesh with a thickened wire diameter, which ensures the mechanical strength of the pipeline, resistance to explosion and shock. The inner layer of the pipe has an absolutely smooth inner surface, which eliminates the presence of micro-eddies and flow noise, provides minimal hydraulic resistance, high speed of water flow, i.e. the speed of supply of the extinguishing agent and the absolute absence of corrosion.

The main advantages of the system are as follows

Reduced labor costs during design, due to the fact that the elastic properties of the pipeline can significantly reduce the number of measurements, the details of the study of fasteners and pipelines, for example, at intersections with other engineering systems, as well as reduce the number of drawings developed.

Safety and speed during installation of the system, since the installation of the system is carried out without the use of welding, which affects safety and allows you to perform work during the operation of the facility without stopping production.

The elasticity of the material allows you to bend the pipelines manually (the bending radius is 5 times the diameter of the pipe), which reduces the time and cost of installation.

Corrosion resistance - traditional metal pipelines are subject to corrosion, clogging of pipes, the formation of fistulas, which leads to failure of the fire extinguishing system. The flexible pipeline is not subject to corrosion and ensures the continuity of the system for 25-30 years.

The pipeline is designed and tested for resistance to shock loads, which ensures its integrity during transportation, installation and operation of the system.

Resistance to water hammer, as the elasticity of the pipeline material contributes to the uniform distribution (compensation) of water hammer with a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline, as well as reducing noise and vibration compared to traditional systems.

The smooth inner surface of the flexible pipe provides a high water flow rate with a smaller pipe diameter, which improves system performance.

The application of the claimed solution gives significant economic efficiency, since the use of a flexible piping system, in comparison with metal, can significantly reduce the cost of:

- design,

- mounting,

- annual scheduled maintenance,

- system repairs and restoration,

- stop production at the time of installation and launch of the fire extinguishing system,

- additional protection of the pipeline against corrosion.

The claimed solution is illustrated by graphic materials.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the pipeline.

In FIG. 2 is a sectional view of pipe material.

In FIG. 3 shows a nozzle installation diagram.

In FIG. 4 shows a T-shaped splitter.

In the drawings, the positions indicated:

1. Inflexpipe Flex

2. Flange connection

3. Direct transition tap

4. End cap

5. Clamp with a hairpin

6. Clamp

7. Transitional tee

8. Coupling for mounting the irrigation device

9. Feedthrough fitting for sprinkler

10. End tee for mounting the sprinkler

11. Revision plug

12. Thermally expanding tape

13. Fire cover

14. T-fitting

15. Futorka

16. Sprinkler

17. The inner layer

18. The middle layer

19. The outer layer

20. The mesh of the outer layer

The fire extinguishing pipeline system is a network of flexible pipelines 1 with an extinguishing agent with branches and shut-off valves and devices for discharging extinguishing agents. The pipelines are made of flexible three-layer pipes and have an inner smooth layer 17 made of natural rubber, an external fire-retardant layer 19 made of refractory hard-burning rubber of a special composition with additives and reinforced with a fine-mesh metal mesh 20 and the middle frame layer 18 made of rubber reinforced stainless metal mesh thickened wire diameter. The pipes are interconnected by means of transition elements made of metal, for example, of titanium alloy. To connect the pipes of the flexible pipeline, fittings are used - flange connections 2, bends 3, tees 7, fittings and plugs 4, etc. Clamps with studs 5 are designed for mounting pipelines in the design position. Stainless steel clamps 6 are used to crimp fittings on the pipeline. At the joints of the pipes, special fireproof casings 13 are installed to protect the joints of the pipeline, made of modified synthetic rubber reinforced with a fine mesh stainless steel mesh and fixed to the pipeline by means of crimp clamps 6. Moreover, at the exit of each fireproof casing 13 at a distance of not more than 30 mm from the edge of the casing , between the pipeline and the casing is installed an annular gasket 12 in the form of a thermally expanding tape. Fireproof casing 13 can be made integral.

Extinguishing media ejection devices - sprinklers 16 - sprinklers, drenchers, foam generators, etc. mounted using the foots 15, fixed along the entire length of the flexible pipes. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the installation of an irrigator using a composite coupling 8. A composite coupling 8 is installed at the installation location of the irrigation device 16. A fireproof cover 13 is mounted on top of the coupling 8, which is fixed with steel tape clamps 6. After that, a through hole is drilled into which the foot 15 and sprinkler 16 is installed on it. In addition, sprinkler 16 can be installed at the pipe junction using a straight tee 9 (Fig. 1, view D) or at the end of the pipe using an end tee 10 and an inspection plug 11 (Fig. 1, view B). Installation of the sprinkler in the pipe joint is carried out using a tee, which is installed in the gap of the pipeline, tightened with clamps and closed with a fireproof casing. The sprinkler at the end of the pipeline is installed using a tee with an inspection plug, which is fixed to the pipeline with tape clamps.

Flexible pipes are made of three layers of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a metal mesh. The outer layer is made of refractory material and provides fire protection for the pipeline. The middle frame layer gives mechanical strength, and the inner layer, made of rubber, provides water resistance and tightness of the connection with the fittings. The pipeline from this composition of the layers has the ability to bend, does not crack and is not afraid of defrosting and freezing.

Installation of the pipeline system is carried out without the use of welding, i.e. hot work at explosive and fire hazardous facilities and is carried out by connecting sections of the required length with fittings with metal clamps. Cutting into sections of the required length is carried out using a pneumatic (hydraulic) hand tool. Turning the system at angles from 0 to 90 ° is carried out manually, and the bending radius should not be less than five pipe diameters. If it is necessary to perform the rotation of the pipeline, in contrast to the above requirements, appropriate fittings and devices are used. Sealing and sealing the joints of sections of the pipelines of the system is carried out using sealing compounds, clamps of threaded joints and special seals.

Standard flexible pipes are available with an internal diameter of 1 inch to 8 inches and are supplied in coils up to 40 meters long. Fasteners include clamps, traditional channels, bar reinforcement, angles. They are installed on existing structures. The pipeline can be installed using cable trays and elastic supports, or laid directly on the structure or on the supports of old pipes. Due to its elasticity, the material of the pipe effectively absorbs the energy of the explosion, various shock loads, including water hammer. With this in mind, the placement and number of fasteners should be designed so as not to impede the repayment of this energy, while ensuring the required slope and lack of sagging. The elasticity of the pipe material allows you to bend the pipes manually. The elasticity and flexibility of the system allows us to limit ourselves to pipeline tracing with allowable deviations and further pipe fitting during installation at the facility.

The unique properties of the system make it indispensable for deluge, sprinkler and auxiliary systems on offshore platforms, integrated gas treatment plants, industrial enterprises, and other objects of the oil and gas industry. The system can be used to completely or partially replace old systems. The elasticity of the system allows its movement and reuse.

Thanks to innovative developments, the pipeline has resistance to explosive loading (up to 1.5 bar) and refractory properties. The pipeline was tested in a hydrocarbon fire with a heat flux of 390 kV / m2, a temperature of more than 1250 ° C and a flame propagation velocity exceeding the speed of sound. Conventional piping systems are susceptible to destruction under such conditions.

The inventive system can operate in an extended range of operating temperatures. The operating temperature of the pipeline varies from -30 ° C to + 70 ° C. Due to the physical properties of the pipeline material, multiple freezing and thawing of the pumped medium occurs without harming the pipeline. Thermal insulation properties of the pipeline significantly reduce energy consumption for heating. The thermal conductivity of the pipeline material is λ = 0.4 V / mK. In addition, it is possible to use an internal pipeline heating system in order to prevent freezing of the pumped medium.

The use of a flexible piping system leads to a significant reduction in the design time and, accordingly, the cost of design work, due to the lack of the need for a detailed study of each installation unit of the fire pipeline, as occurs when developing a project with a metal pipeline. In addition, it reduces the complexity of installation and repair of water and foam fire extinguishing installations, eliminates the costs of scheduled maintenance over the entire life cycle.

Claims (12)

1. A fire extinguishing pipeline system comprising a main pipeline with a fire extinguishing agent and a distribution network with branches and sprinklers, characterized in that the pipe is used as a flexible three-layer pipe having an internal smooth layer made of natural rubber, an external fireproof layer made of refractory material reinforced with a metal mesh, and the middle frame layer reinforced with a metal mesh, connected to each other and to the sprinklers by means of fittings, while the sprinklers are installed with the help of locks fixed along the entire length of the flexible pipes. 2. The fire extinguishing pipeline system according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible three-layer pipes are connected to each other and to the sprinklers using fittings crimped with steel tape clamps and secured to the supporting structures using pipe clamps mounted on the cross beams. 3. The fire extinguishing pipeline system according to claim 1, characterized in that the external fire-retardant layer is made of refractory rubber and is reinforced with two rows of fine-mesh tight-wound metal mesh. 4. The fire extinguishing pipeline system according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle frame layer is made of rubber reinforced with a stainless metal mesh. 5. The fire extinguishing pipeline system according to claim 1, characterized in that at the place of installation of the irrigator, a composite sleeve and a fireproof casing are provided on the pipe, equipped with a coaxial hole in which an irrigator is installed through the foot. 6. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is connected through a futorok with a straight tee, which is installed in the pipe junction using crimp clamps and is closed by a fireproof casing. 7. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is installed through the pipe at the end of the pipe using a tee with an inspection plug fixed to the pipeline with crimp clamps. 8. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that fireproof casings are installed at the joints of the pipelines, fixed by means of crimp clamps, and an annular gasket in the form of a thermally expanding tape is installed at the outlet of each fireproof casing between the piping and the casing. 9. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the fireproof casing is made of modified synthetic rubber reinforced with a fine mesh stainless steel mesh. 10. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting fittings are made of metal, for example, titanium alloy. 11. The fire extinguishing pipeline system according to claim 1, characterized in that water and aqueous foaming agent solutions are used as a fire extinguishing agent. 12. The fire extinguishing piping system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a heating system.

Images