RU2723782C2 - Method of reinforcement of walls from brick masonry and injection device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to reinforcement of masonry. First, a well with diameter larger than an anchor outer diameter is drilled in the masonry with cracks. Then, after cleaning and blowing of the well, it is closed from the outside with a detachable washer attached to the masonry so that the center of the central hole of the washer coincides with the well axis. An injector is introduced into the central opening and a polymer-cement composition is injected into the well through the through holes of the injector tip, while slowly injecting the injector from the well. When the well is filled with a polymer-cement composition, air is forced out from the well through a hole of smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole. When the fragments of the polymer-cement composition appear from the hole of smaller diameter, the composition is stopped and the injector is removed from the well. After that, anchor in form of corrugated reinforcement is introduced into the well through the central hole of the washer. After solidification of polymer-cement composition washer is detached from masonry and wall surface is puttied.EFFECT: technical result is increase in the operating reliability of the masonry.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and civil engineering and is intended to strengthen and restore masonry during repair and restoration work of buildings with masonry walls and multilayer walls or with the replacement of damaged sections of the walls of a building with masonry.

During the operation of the building, various types of damage to the stone wall structures are observed, which reduce the operational reliability of the building as a whole or its individual parts. Strong damages to stone structures include wall collapses, thawing and weathering of masonry to a depth of 0.25-0.50 wall thickness, cracks in load-bearing walls to a height of 4-8 masonry rows, wall expansion within the floor by 0.15-0, 30 of their thicknesses, masonry damage above the supports of girders and lintels in the form of crushing stone, displacement of floor slabs on supports more than 0.20 of the embedment depth in the wall, thermal damage to masonry of walls during a fire to a depth of 2-6 cm. To ensure sufficient strength and stability of the building and the possibilities of its safe operation reinforce damaged structures (RF Patent No. 2196868, publ. of 20.01.2003). In an operating building, stone structures having damage of varying severity are repaired, as a rule, without dismantling the supporting structures.

A device for strengthening buildings and structures of brick or masonry is known, including a frame of paired vertical elements located on both sides of the walls of the building and connected by tightening bolts passing through the through holes in the wall, stiffeners and enclosing mesh (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1838551, published on 08.30.1993, Bull. No. 32).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that in the known device a complicated reinforcement structure is used, the frequent arrangement of cross-links - coupling bolts, leads to the punching of a significant number of holes in the wall and its additional weakening.

A device for reinforcing stone structures is known, including a wooden reinforcement frame, consisting of rod vertical and horizontal elements made of continuous wooden girders installed on both sides of the wall (RF Patent No. 2150557, publ. From 10.06.2000, Bull. No. 16).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that in the known fastening a bulky reinforcement structure is used, and the use of wood as a material for fastening the walls leads to a decrease in the class of structural fire safety of the building.

A known method of reinforcing stone structures of buildings and structures by attaching weakened and damaged stone walls of a building, including the use of longitudinal and transverse steel cords of round steel with a diameter of 20 ÷ 38 mm, welded to pieces of corners installed at the corners of the building, followed by tensioning the cords with shrink couplings throughout the contour of the building (Recommendations for strengthening the stone structures of buildings and structures. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1984, - p. 21-22).

The disadvantage of this method of attachment is the use of ineffective steel cords of circular cross section, which are not tightly pressed against the surface of the stone walls of the building, shrink couplings are laborious to manufacture and do not meet the requirements for controlling the tension of steel cords, the coupling coupling is imperfect to include fastening elements and does not provide spatial rigidity building.

There is a method for reinforcing stone and reinforced concrete structures by injection and a device for its implementation, which consists in supplying an injection solution to the body of the stone structure through an anchor bolt, followed by leaving the anchor bolt in the body of the stone structure. An anchor bolt is made with an anchor tip and holes for the injection solution, and the injector is not fixed by driving the device in, but by expanding the injector body in the body of the structure (Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2009122096, published on 2012.2010).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant increase in the cost of strengthening stone structures due to the abandonment of an expensive injector in the body of the structure.

A known method of rock hardening, including drilling wells, injecting a hardening solution into one of them with simultaneous pumping of air and controlling the flow of the hardening solution from neighboring wells (USSR Author's Certificate No. 973852, published on 11/15/1982, Bull. No. 42).

The disadvantage of this method is that, despite the decrease in air back pressure in the injected cracks, the penetrating ability of the reinforcing cementitious mortar will be limited by the magnitude of their disclosure.

There is a method of reinforcing walls of brickwork and a device for its implementation, including determining the boundary of the damaged area of the brickwork plus one brick, then holes are drilled into the wall of a slightly larger diameter of the spiral twisted part of the anchor in a checkerboard pattern to the appropriate depth, all holes are cleaned of dust by compressed air and washed, after that the holes are filled to 2/3 of the depth with a special adhesive, depending on the masonry mortar, the required length of the anchor is inserted into the wall structure, which should be slightly shorter than the depth of the hole, a piece of wire is cut, the ends of which, after bending in half, are twisted between themselves, using improvised tools with the organization of straight bends, the spiral-shaped part of the proposed anchors is installed in the prepared holes filled with adhesive, the part of the adhesive extruding out is removed, and the straight bends of the anchors are located in the seams but howl masonry (RF Patent No. 2525091, publ. from 10.082014, Bull. No. 22).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity, since the termination of the bends of the anchors are located in the seams of the new masonry, for which it is necessary to mend the bricks from the old masonry. This leads to a significant increase in the time and cost of restoration work in the repair of buildings with brick walls.

There is a method of injection compaction of enclosing concrete and reinforced concrete structures, which includes injecting the mortar inside the structure and curing it, while the injection is carried out for the entire structure alternately through groups of point injectors fixed in previously drilled holes in the sealing part of the structure, which are in hydraulic communication with each other, and carry out it sequentially in each group of injectors in three stages with intermediate extracts between stages equal to the curing time of the previously injected solution (Application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 95105147, publ. from 01.20.1997). However, this method of injection compaction of enclosing structures requires significant financial costs for creating a system of hydraulically interconnected group of injectors, while in practice the creation of this system is problematic.

A known method of securing anchors in wells, including entering the anchor rod into the well and supplying it with flexible hoses of the fixing solution under high pressure (V.N. Semevsky, V.M. Volzhsky, O.V. Chumofeev, A.P. Shirokov, G.I. Kravchenko, B.K. Chukan, S.I. Eting. Rod support. M. Nedra, 1965, p. 51, Fig. 56).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of operations to remove air from the well at the time of injection of the fixing solution. In this connection, additional time is required for its removal through cracks in the array. This circumstance excludes the use of quick-hardening compositions with a setting time of 20-25 seconds. In addition, the injection of the fixing solution into the well with the anchor installed in it determines the use of wells with a diameter much larger than the diameter of the anchor rod. Otherwise, with small annular gaps, it becomes very difficult to feed viscous solutions.

A known method of restoration, which consists in the fact that in the product made of individual elements made of brick and connected by a binder, reinforcing means are introduced in the form of a polymer-cement composition (RF Patent No. 2108924, published on 04/20/1998).

A known composition of a polymer-cement grouting composition (mortar) containing cement, an additive based on polymer resins, for example, a water-soluble non-latex polymer type CFL-117 and a water-polymer system of poly-N-vinylamide "Kontrepol", and water (Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2319722 , publ. of March 20, 2008, Bull. No. 8). The polymer cement composition has high adhesion to the walls of the wells in building structures, as well as high flexural strength of the cured cement stone and is a non-shrinking cement composition.

A known method of reinforcing walls of brickwork and a device for its implementation, in which at first a well is drilled in the wall of the required depth is slightly larger than the external diameter of the spiral anchor, then the well is cleaned and blown, then it is completely filled with adhesive and into the well filled with adhesive, a spiral anchor is inserted, while the length of the anchor is made somewhat shorter than the depth of the well and it is completely immersed in the well, the part of the adhesive that extrudes outward is removed, after which the unfilled space of the well is completely filled with the adhesive and putty to give an aesthetic appearance. A device for its implementation of this method includes an injector for filling the well with adhesive composition and an anchor, which is a straight metal rod of stainless steel with a twisted body, having a central body with protruding wings, and the center of the cross-section of the spiral anchor is formed in the form of an oval , along the short axis of the oval there are two straight flat wings in opposite directions, and the surface of the spiral anchor is made rough, which provides a strong and reliable connection of building elements (Utility Model Patent of the Russian Federation No. 116873, publ. of 10.06.2012, Bull. No. 16) .

However, the description of this method does not indicate in what way or device the filling of the well with adhesive is performed, the absence of voids when filling the well with adhesive is controlled, there is no information about the composition of the adhesive and its adhesion characteristics in masonry, the anchor has a complex structure in the form of a constant spiral section mirror-symmetric vertically and horizontally from stainless steel, which determines the complex technology of its manufacture only in the factory and high cost.

The technical result that can be obtained by applying this invention is to reduce the cost by increasing the manufacturability and speed of repair work due to the rapid filling of the well with injection solution and the use of commercially produced corrugated reinforcement as anchor elements, as well as operational reliability due to its high strength bending of cured cement stone and the effect of non-shrinkage when using a polymer-cement composition containing cement, polymer additive and water as an injection solution.

To achieve this technical result, in the proposed method of reinforcing masonry walls, in which first a hole is drilled through the wall through cracks in the masonry with a diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the anchor, then the well is cleaned and purged, after which it is completely filled with injection solution and an anchor is inserted into the well filled with the injection solution, while the length of the anchor is slightly shorter than the depth of the well and it is completely immersed in the well, the part of the injection solution that extrudes outward is removed, after which the unfilled space of the well is completely filled with the injection solution and putty to give an aesthetic appearance, according to the invention, after drilling the required depth in the wall of the well, it is closed on the outside with a removable protective washer that is attached to the masonry and has a central hole with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well and a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the joint would be above the central hole, while the central hole of the washer is aligned with the axis of the well, the injector is introduced into the central hole to the entire depth of the well and injection solution is injected into the well through it, slowly removing the injector from the well, when filling the well with solution, the air is displaced from the well through a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole, when an injection solution appears from a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer, the injection of the injection solution through the injector is stopped and it is finally withdrawn from the well, then an anchor is introduced through the central hole of the washer into the well, after hardening the injection solution, the washer is unfastened from the brick wall and the surface of the wall is puttied, while the polymer-cement composition is used as the injection solution, and the metal bar of the required length from commercially produced corrugated reinforcement is used as the anchor.

An introduction to the proposed method of reinforcing masonry walls with a removable protective washer attached to the masonry and having a central hole with a diameter smaller than the borehole diameter and a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central bore hole, while combining the center hole of the washer with the borehole axis the central hole is an injector to the entire depth of the well and injection through it into the well under the pressure of the injection solution, slowly removing the injector from the well, air is displaced when the well is filled with solution through a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole and the injection is stopped when it comes out of holes of smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer of the injection solution, the introduction of the anchor into the well through the central hole of the washer, and the use of a polymer-cement composition as an injection solution, and as an anchor of a metal bar from commercially available fiber reinforced reinforcement allows to obtain a new property, which consists in the possibility of reducing the cost, improving manufacturability and speed of repair work due to the rapid dense filling of the well with injection solution due to injection of the solution under pressure through the injector and free air out of the hole through a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole (without the formation of air “holes” in the well), reducing the loss of injection solution due to its fixation in the well with a removable protective washer during all injection operations and determining the moment of stopping the flow of the solution when it appears, a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole, reducing the cost An anchor due to the use of commercially available corrugated reinforcing bars as its metal bar, as well as an increase in operational reliability due to high adhesion to well walls in building structures, high bending strength cured cement stone and the effect of non-shrinkage when used as an injection solution of a polymer-cement composition containing cement, a polymer additive and water.

The proposed method of reinforcing walls of brickwork can be implemented using the following injection device for its implementation.

Injection device, which includes an injector for filling the well with injection mortar and an anchor, which is a metal rod with a rough surface, which provides a strong and reliable connection of building elements, is equipped with a removable protective washer, mounted on the outside to the brickwork and having a central hole with a diameter smaller the diameter of the well and a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole, while the middle of the central hole of the washer is aligned with the axis of the well, an injector inserted into the central hole throughout the depth of the well and moved in the opposite direction to inject injection solution into the well under pressure wherein the injector is made in the form of a hollow body, the tip of which has through holes, as well as an anchor made in the form of a metal bar of the required length from commercially produced corrugated fittings, which is installed in the well filled with injection solution after removing the injector from the well.

Figure 1 shows the injection device used in the implementation of the proposed method of reinforcing walls of brickwork.

The injection device includes a removable protective washer 1, mounted externally to the brickwork 2 and having a central hole 3 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well 4 and a hole 5 of smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole 3, while the middle of the central hole 3 of the washer 1 is aligned with the axis of the borehole 4, an injector 6 inserted into the central hole 3 to the entire depth of the borehole 4 and moved in the opposite direction to supply injection solution through it into the borehole 4 under pressure. The injector is made in the form of a hollow body, the tip of which has through holes 7, as well as an anchor 8 made in the form of a metal bar of the required length from commercially produced corrugated fittings, which is installed in the well 4, filled with injection solution, after removing the injector 6 from the well 4 Well 4 is drilled to the required depth in masonry 2, but it necessarily passes through cracks 9 in masonry 2.

After the injection solution has hardened, the washer 1 is unfastened from the brickwork 2 and the surface of the wall is puttied, for example, with gypsum, closing the wellhead 4 with a filler plug 10.

The proposed method of reinforcing walls of brickwork is implemented using an injection device as follows.

First, drill a hole 4 with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the anchor 8 in brickwork 2 with cracks 9. Then, the well 4 is cleaned and purged. After the well 4, the outside is closed with a removable protective washer 1, which is fastened to the brickwork 2, for example, with glue or with screws, so that the middle of the central hole 3 of the washer 1 coincides with the axis of the well 4. An injector 6 is introduced into the central hole 3 the entire depth of the borehole 4 and through it under pressure inject the polymer-cement composition into the borehole 4 through the through-holes 7 of the tip of the injector 6, slowly withdrawing the injector 6 from the borehole 4. The polymer-cement composition is injected into brickwork 2, for example, by a mechanical mortar pump (not shown in Fig. not shown ) Slow withdrawal of the injector 6 from the well 4 provides for a phased and dense (without air “ribs”) filling of the well 4 with a polymer-cement composition. When the well 4 is filled with a polymer-cement composition, air is forced out of the well 4 through an opening 5 of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer 1 above the central hole 3. In this case, not only is the well 4 filled with the polymer-cement composition, but also cracks 9 in the brickwork 2. When it appears from the hole 5 of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer 1 of the fragments of the polymer-cement composition, the flow of the composition through the injector 6 is stopped and it is finally withdrawn from the well 4. After that, an anchor 8 is inserted through the central hole 3 of the washer 1 into the well 4, using a metal bar of the required length ( shorter than the well length) from commercially produced corrugated reinforcement. After hardening of the polymer-cement composition, the washer 1 is unfastened from the brickwork 2 and the surface of the wall is puttied, for example, with gypsum, closing the wellhead 4 with a filler plug 10.

Sources of information taken into account when preparing the application:

1. RF patent No. 2196868, publ. dated January 20, 2003

2. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1838551, publ. from 08.30.1993, Bull. Number 32.

3. RF patent No. 2150557, publ. from 10.06.2000, Bull. No. 16.

4. Recommendations for strengthening the stone structures of buildings and structures. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1984, - p. 21-22.

5. Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2009122096, publ. from 2012.2010.

6. USSR Author's Certificate No. 973852, publ. from 11/15/1982, Bull. Number 42.

7. RF patent No. 2525091, publ. from 10.082014, Bull. Number 22.

8. Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 95105147, publ. from 01/20/1997.

9. V.N. Semevsky, V.M. Volzhsky, O.V. Chumofeev, A.P. Shirokov, G.I. Kravchenko, B.K. Chukan, S.I. Etings. Rod support. M. Nedra, 1965, p. 51, fig. 56.

10. RF patent No. 2108924, publ. from 04/20/1998.

11. Application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2319722, publ. dated March 20, 2008, Bull. No. 8.

12. Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 116873, publ. dated 10.06.2012, Bull. No. 16 is a prototype.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reinforcing walls of masonry, in which first a hole is drilled through the wall through cracks in the masonry with a diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the anchor, then the well is cleaned and purged, after which it is completely filled with injection solution, and into the well, filled with injection solution, the anchor is inserted, while the length of the anchor is made somewhat shorter than the depth of the well and it is completely immersed in the well, the part of the injection solution that extrudes outward is removed, after which the empty space of the well is completely filled with injection solution and putty to give an aesthetic appearance, characterized in that after drilling the required depth in the wall of the well, it is closed outside with a removable protective washer, which is attached to the brickwork and has a central hole with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well, and a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole, while the central hole of the washer with the axis of the well, an injector is introduced into the central hole to the entire depth of the well and injection solution is injected into the well under pressure, slowly removing the injector from the well, when filling the well with solution, air is forced out of the well through a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the central hole, when a smaller diameter appears in the upper part of the washer of the injection solution, the injection of the injection solution through the injector is stopped and it is finally taken out of the well, then the anchor is inserted through the central hole of the washer into the well, after the injection solution has hardened, the washer is detached from the brick wall and the surface the walls are puttied, while a polymer-cement composition is used as an injection solution, and a metal bar of the required length from commercially produced corrugated reinforcement is used as an anchor. 2. An injection device comprising an injector for filling a well with injection mortar and an anchor, which is a metal rod with a rough surface, which provides a strong and reliable connection of building elements, characterized in that it is equipped with a removable protective washer, mounted on the outside to the brickwork and having a Central hole with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the well, and a hole of a smaller diameter in the upper part of the washer above the Central hole, while the middle of the Central hole of the washer is aligned with the axis of the well, an injector inserted into the Central hole throughout the depth of the well and moved in the opposite direction for supply through it into the well of the injection solution under pressure, while the injector is made in the form of a hollow body, the tip of which has through holes, and also with an anchor made in the form of a metal bar of the required length from commercially produced corrugated fittings, which is installed in the well and not filled with the injection solution after removing the injector from the well.

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